2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2esyeua7r8hxb.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/43wzqu_q6b8co.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02igegklyi312.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3d54cr_x61503.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/41sb2pnxui1_7.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0z5fu495o1bws.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T6c4,The frequency of false negatives in exercise provocation tests (EPTs) when evaluating exercise-induced allergic reactions on desensitization (EIARD) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the frequency of allergic symptom induction after a negative EPT result in patients at risk of EIARD and to identify its associated factors. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 109 patients aged 5-18 years who underwent EPTs between February 2012 and March 2023 to assess EIARD after wheat oral immunotherapy (OIT). EPT was performed in all cases after rush OIT and in high-risk cases after slow OIT. Patients with a negative/indeterminate EPT result were monitored for 1 year. Individuals who developed allergic reactions during exercise after wheat ingestion were categorized as "Event+" and were regarded as having false-negative EPT results. Patients without events were categorized as "Event-". Candidate factors between the Event+ and Event- groups were compared using nonparametric statistical tests. Among 53 patients with negative/indeterminate EPT results, 14 (26.4%) experienced allergic symptoms during follow-up (Event+ group). Higher ω5-gliadin-specific IgE levels at the time of EPT were significantly associated with Event+. No other factors (i.e., age, sex, allergy severity, or exercise intensity) showed any association. All Event+ cases occurred outdoors, suggesting a possible influence of environmental factors. False negatives occurred in 26.4% of pediatric wheat-desensitized patients with EPTs. Our findings highlight the need to periodically monitor EIARD after negative EPT results. Future studies should explore methods to improve the accuracy of EPTs and identify predictive markers of EIARD risk.31:T95c,Abstract Background The frequency of false negatives in exercise provocation tests (EPTs) when evaluating exercise‐induced allergic reactions on desensitization (EIARD) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the frequency of allergic symptom induction after a negative EPT result in patients at risk of EIARD and to identify its associated factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 109 patients aged 5–18 years who underwent EPTs between February 2012 and March 2023 to assess EIARD after wheat oral immunotherapy (OIT). EPT was performed in all cases after rush OIT and in high‐risk cases after slow OIT. Patients with a negative/indeterminate EPT result were monitored for 1 year. Individuals who developed allergic reactions during exercise after wheat ingestion were categorized as “Event+” and were regarded as having false‐negative EPT results. Patients without events were categorized as “Event−”. Candidate factors between the Event+ and Event− groups were compared using nonparametric statistical tests. Results Among 53 patients with negative/indeterminate EPT results, 14 (26.4%) experienced allergic symptoms during follow‐up (Event+ group). Higher ω5‐gliadin‐specific IgE levels at the time of EPT were significantly associated with Event+. No other factors (i.e., age, sex, allergy severity, or exercise intensity) showed any association. All Event+ cases occurred outdoors, suggesting a possible influence of environmental factors. Conclusion False negatives occurred in 26.4% of pediatric wheat‐desensitized patients with EPTs. Our findings highlight the need to periodically monitor EIARD after negative EPT results. Future studies should explore methods to improve the accuracy of EPTs and identify predictive markers of EIARD risk. 32:T6dc,Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, with known sex differences in prevalence and severity that shift after puberty. Total IgE, a marker of type 2-high asthma, also differs by sex and age and may contribute to these disparities. We tested whether nasal epithelial gene expression differs by sex and interacts with total IgE in ways that may inform asthma pathogenesis in a transcriptome-wide association study in nasal epithelial samples from participants in two cohorts: EVA-PR (including 398 Puerto Rican youths aged 12-20 years) and PIAMA (including 303 Dutch adolescents aged 16 years). Differential expression analysis by sex identified 406 genes at a false discovery rate-adjusted P value of <.05, with 225 upregulated and 181 downregulated in female compared to male subjects. Top differentially expressed genes included hormone- and immune-related genes such as THRB, IL17REL, and CD207. Among these, 6 genes (MNDA, IFIT1, IFIT2, SLC22A17, JAG2, and MT3) showed significant sex-by-total IgE interaction effects on expression. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that female subjects had activation of eukaryotic translation pathways (eg, EIF2 signaling), while male subjects showed activation of immune-related pathways (eg, interferon signaling). Additionally, 19 pathways were enriched in the sex-by-IgE interaction model, including TREM1 and cytokine storm signaling. Our findings provide new insights into sex-specific regulation of gene expression in airway epithelium and its interaction with total IgE, helping to explain observed sex differences in asthma. This underscores the need to consider sex as a biological variable in asthma research and points to potential targets for precision medicine approaches.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"adolescent in Allergy: Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed Allergy papers on adolescent (age group). 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Asthma control (ACT) improved in all children. In boys, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, IL-1β, and leptin dropped significantly; in girls, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) dropped significantly, though IL-1β paradoxically increased.","limitations":"No control group limits causal inference. Small sample (n=37) with sex-stratified subgroups further reduces power. Findings are exploratory and require confirmation in randomized controlled trials.","practice_takeaway":"An 8-week Mediterranean diet can be offered as an adjunct strategy for obese children with asthma to improve body composition and asthma control, with sex-specific metabolic benefits. Clinicians should await RCT evidence before adopting this as standard practice."}},{"doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","pmid":"42610060","title":"Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Asthma and Overweight/Obesity in Qatar","journal_title":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","journal_issn":"1178-6965","published_at":"2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s594510","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:19.164Z","updated_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:19.164Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vitamin D Deficiency","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"generic","value":"cholecalciferol","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vitamin D Supplementation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=364","value_numeric":364},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"warning","value":"Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) was not specifically studied as a treatment — it was added as a plausible modality given the study's screening and supplementation recommendations; no intervention was actually tested.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"warning","value":"Group sizes are unequal (NW group n=67 vs. others n=97–100), which may reduce statistical power for comparisons involving the NW group.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper is dated 2026-08-01 but was processed in August 2026; it is a recent publication and findings have not yet been independently replicated.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2147/jaa.s594510","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study population is exclusively from MENA-region children residing in Qatar, limiting generalizability to other ethnicities or geographic settings.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Cross-sectional study of 364 children aged 6–17 years in Qatar, comparing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels across four groups: normal weight with asthma (NW-A, n=97), overweight/obese with asthma (OO-A, n=100), overweight/obese without asthma (OO, n=100), and normal weight without asthma (NW, n=67), using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and atopy.","key_result":"Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was near-universal across all groups: 81.1% (OO), 73.9% (OO-A), 68.3% (NW), and 66.3% (NW-A) — with no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.36). Higher BMI was inversely correlated with vitamin D in overweight/obese children (OO-A: ρ=−0.279, p=0.008; OO: ρ=−0.266, p=0.009), but asthma was not independently associated with vitamin D deficiency on multivariable regression (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.50–3.24, p=0.611).","limitations":"- Key confounders not measured: vitamin D supplementation, sun exposure, seasonality, diet, and physical activity — leaving substantial residual confounding.\n- Clinic-based recruitment (pulmonology, endocrinology, general pediatrics) limits generalizability to the broader pediatric community.\n- Near-universal deficiency created a ceiling effect, reducing power to detect between-group differences in vitamin D status.","practice_takeaway":"Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common in Qatari children regardless of asthma or weight status, so routine screening is warranted across all pediatric patients in this region. Higher BMI — not asthma — is the key driver of lower vitamin D in this population, making overweight/obese children a priority group for nutritional and lifestyle intervention."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","pmid":"42458757","title":"Symptom probability increases at low pollen exposure in adolescents with allergic rhinitis findings from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70429","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-22T13:37:46.163Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T13:37:46.163Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Rhinitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pollen Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"condition","value":"Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"modality","value":"Environmental Allergen Exposure Monitoring","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1474","value_numeric":1474},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Birth Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"warning","value":"Monthly symptom resolution (not daily) prevents assessment of lag effects and may underestimate true symptom burden.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"warning","value":"No pharmacological intervention was studied; 'practice_changing' flag reflects guidance implications for pollen threshold counseling, not a treatment trial.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70429","tag_type":"warning","value":"Polysensitization was defined narrowly as birch + grass only; findings may not generalize to patients sensitized to 3 or more allergens.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined the exposure-response relationship between airborne pollen concentrations (birch, grass, ragweed, mugwort) and monthly nasal symptom occurrence in 1,474 German adolescents (~15 years old) from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts in Munich, followed between January 2010 and March 2014 (17,688 person-months). Individual pollen exposure (IPE) was tailored to each participant's sensitization profile using generalized additive mixed-effect models (GAMM).","key_result":"Symptom probability rose immediately at pollen onset with no detectable minimum threshold. It plateaued at ~47% (95% CI: 31%–63%) for birch at 24 grains/m³ and ~58% (95% CI: 44%–71%) for grass at 14 grains/m³. Polysensitized participants (birch + grass) reached 68% symptom probability at 14 grains/m³ during grass season vs. 36% in monosensitized (grass only) participants. No significant difference was found between early and late grass pollen seasons.","limitations":"- Symptom data were parent-reported monthly (not daily), introducing recall bias and preventing lag-effect analysis.\n- Single pollen monitoring station used; location-dependent exposure variability not fully captured.\n- Non-random loss to follow-up and higher socioeconomic status of retained participants limit generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"Counsel sensitized adolescents that allergic rhinitis symptoms can occur even at low pollen counts — well below typical 'high pollen' warnings — and remain elevated through the late season. Relying solely on high-pollen alerts is insufficient; continuous, accurate pollen monitoring should guide patient self-management throughout the entire season."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","pmid":"42410629","title":"The acuity of paediatric asthma in the emergency department worsened after the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada","journal_title":"Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology","journal_issn":"1710-1492","published_at":"2026-07-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-12T13:19:50.348Z","updated_at":"2026-07-12T13:19:50.348Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma Exacerbation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pediatric Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"warning","value":"Results are from a single Canadian province (Alberta); generalizability to other regions with different healthcare systems or pandemic policies is uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) was not explicitly reported in the abstract or results; the sample_size tag has been omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01045-x","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study relies on aggregated administrative data, which may limit causal inference — the authors use graphical and ITS methods rather than multivariable regression.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective study examined paediatric asthma ED visits, admission rates, and presentation acuity in children aged 2–17 years in Alberta, Canada from 2011 to 2024, using interrupted time series (ITS) analysis with March 2020 as the intervention point.","key_result":"ED visit incidence held steady (5–10/million/day for ages 2–12; <5/million/day for ages 13–17), but acuity and hospitalization rates worsened post-pandemic and remained elevated. EMS use in 2024 was 1.53× to 2.26× higher among children aged 2–12 versus pre-pandemic levels. ITS showed a sharp immediate drop in ED visits and admissions at pandemic onset, followed by a gradual recovery with a steeper upward slope than the pre-pandemic trend.","limitations":"Data came from aggregated administrative databases, which limits adjustment for individual-level confounders (e.g., medication adherence, socioeconomic factors). Graphical analysis was the primary method alongside ITS, without multivariable modelling. The study is limited to one Canadian province, which may restrict generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should anticipate higher-acuity asthma presentations in children post-pandemic — more children are arriving sicker and needing hospitalization. Proactive outpatient management and early intervention strategies may help prevent severe exacerbations, especially given the sustained rise in EMS use."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","pmid":"42253168","title":"Bronchodilator response is linked with uncontrolled moderate‐to‐severe childhood asthma and elevated\n IL\n ‐4 and\n IL\n ‐13","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-06-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70392","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-13T15:34:55.461Z","updated_at":"2026-06-13T15:34:55.461Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"brand","value":"Dupixent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"condition","value":"Moderate-to-Severe Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"generic","value":"dupilumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-IL-4/IL-13 Biologic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"modality","value":"Bronchodilator Spirometry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=140","value_numeric":140},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"warning","value":"Dupilumab is mentioned in the discussion as a potential therapeutic implication, but the study did not directly evaluate dupilumab efficacy — only 6 children in the high-BDR group received any biologic (omalizumab or mepolizumab).","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence set to 4 (cross-sectional/observational); causal directionality between BDR and inflammatory markers cannot be established from this design.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70392","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' reflects the novel link between routine BDR and IL-4/IL-13 profiling, but the finding is from a single cross-sectional cohort (n=140) and requires prospective validation before widespread practice change.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Cross-sectional analysis of 140 children aged 6–17 years with moderate-to-severe asthma (MSA) from the SysPharmPediA cohort, examining whether bronchodilator response (BDR, defined as ΔFEV1 >10% predicted by ERS/ATS 2022) is associated with asthma control and serum cytokine/chemokine profiles.","key_result":"Children with high BDR (21% of cohort) had ~3× higher odds of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.07–11.3) and more frequent severe exacerbations in the past year (70% vs. 46%, p=.022). After FDR correction, high BDR was independently associated with elevated serum IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α, and MMP-1 (q<0.05), plus IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-1β.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference.\n- Small high-BDR subgroup (n=30) limits statistical power for subgroup analyses.\n- Serum cytokines may not reflect local airway inflammation; all enrolled children had high medication adherence (≥93%), limiting generalizability to real-world populations with variable adherence.","practice_takeaway":"In children with moderate-to-severe asthma, a high BDR on routine spirometry flags ~3× higher risk of uncontrolled disease and an IL-4/IL-13–driven inflammatory profile — consider it a simple, non-invasive prompt to evaluate for biologic therapy (e.g., dupilumab targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axis). BDR adds phenotyping value beyond FeNO or blood eosinophils, both of which showed no significant difference between groups in this cohort."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","pmid":"42219658","title":"Central precocious puberty and risk of atopic diseases: The mediating role of obesity and sex hormones","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-05-31T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70355","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:14.691Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:14.691Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Rhinitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"condition","value":"Atopic Dermatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"condition","value":"Central Precocious Puberty","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"generic","value":"testosterone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"modality","value":"Endocrine / Hormonal Assessment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2317","value_numeric":2317},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex-stratified findings show significance only in boys; results should not be broadly applied to girls without further evidence.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"warning","value":"The cohort is exclusively Taiwanese, so findings may not generalize to other ethnic or geographic populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70355","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) and logistic regression on observational data — causal direction cannot be firmly established.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multicenter cohort study (Taiwan Pubertal Longitudinal Study, 2018–2021; n=2,317; ages 6–15) examined whether central precocious puberty (CPP) is associated with atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma), and whether obesity, sex hormones, or sleep quality mediate that relationship.","key_result":"Obesity significantly mediated the CPP–atopic disease association, with the effect driven primarily by boys; testosterone showed a protective effect against asthma in the overall cohort and in boys specifically. Structural equation modeling found no direct CPP-to-sex hormone or sex hormone-to-atopic disease pathways; sleep duration did not directly associate with atopic diseases.","limitations":"- Observational cohort design limits causal inference.\n- Sex-stratified findings (especially testosterone's protective role in girls) were nonsignificant, reducing generalizability across sexes.\n- Study population is limited to Taiwanese adolescents, which may restrict ethnic and geographic generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"Boys diagnosed with CPP should receive early metabolic screening and weight management counseling, as obesity appears to be the primary driver of increased atopic disease risk in this group. Testosterone's apparent protective effect against asthma in males warrants further study before clinical application."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","pmid":"42159973","title":"Does early food allergy influence later eating behavior? Study of adolescents in the\n PARIS\n cohort","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70361","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:25.059Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:25.059Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"condition","value":"Food Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Birth Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"warning","value":"Food allergy diagnosis was not confirmed by oral food challenge — reliance on parental report and doctor diagnosis may introduce misclassification bias.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) was not reported in the provided abstract or results; the tag was omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design labeled as 'Prospective Birth Cohort Study' based on mention of the PARIS birth cohort; design details beyond use of questionnaires were not explicitly stated in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70361","tag_type":"warning","value":"Two impact flags were applied (limited_evidence and confirms_prior) because findings partially align with prior literature on eating difficulties but diverge on enjoyment outcomes, which the authors themselves call 'innovative' and in need of replication.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined whether food allergy in early childhood (before age 2, and ages 2–13) is associated with eating behavior and food habits at age 13, using data from the PARIS birth cohort with parental questionnaires and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire.","key_result":"Adolescents with a history of early food allergy did not show greater eating difficulties; instead, they reported greater food enjoyment, lower satiety responsiveness, and less emotional overeating, along with higher intake of sweet foods and soda and lower meat consumption.","limitations":"Food allergy was based on parental report and doctor diagnosis via questionnaire (not oral food challenge), outcome data relied on self- and parent-report at a single time point (age 13), and the study is observational so causality cannot be established.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians counseling families about early food allergy can be reassured that affected children do not appear more likely to develop eating difficulties in adolescence. However, monitoring for higher sweet food and soda intake in this group may be worthwhile."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","pmid":"42093106","title":"Excessive gestational weight gain and risk of asthma, rhinitis and allergic sensitization: Results from a Portuguese birth cohort","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70357","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:46.964Z","updated_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:46.964Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Rhinitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Sensitization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anaphylaxis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Atopic Dermatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"condition","value":"Food Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"modality","value":"Maternal Nutritional Status / Gestational Weight Management","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=7280","value_numeric":7280},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Birth Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"warning","value":"Allergic sensitization was measured in only a subset of 1,125 children at age 10 (from 6,397 evaluated), limiting generalizability of sensitization findings.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"warning","value":"Cohort retention dropped to 54% by age 13 (n=4,640), and included participants had older, more educated mothers with less smoking, which may limit representativeness at later follow-up time points.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70357","tag_type":"warning","value":"The inverse association between maternal overweight/obesity and eczema may reflect measurement bias (self-reported pre-pregnancy weight) or residual confounding rather than a true protective effect — authors explicitly caution against a protective interpretation.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This prospective cohort study (Generation XXI, Portugal) examined whether pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) — classified by IOM guidelines and GWG z-scores — were associated with asthma, rhinitis, eczema, food allergy, anaphylaxis, and allergic sensitization in 7,280 children assessed at ages 4, 7, 10, and 13 years.","key_result":"Excessive GWG (IOM criteria) raised odds of asthma at ages 7 and 13 (aOR 1.30 and 1.29) and rhinitis at age 4 (aOR 1.48). Highest GWG z-score tertile further increased odds of asthma (aOR 1.33), rhinitis (aOR 1.54), and allergic sensitization at age 10 (aOR 1.44). Maternal overweight/obesity before pregnancy was linked to *lower* odds of eczema at age 13 (aOR 0.73); no significant BMI associations were found for asthma, rhinitis, or sensitization.","limitations":"- Pre-pregnancy weight was primarily self-reported, risking recall bias and weight misclassification.\n- Allergic disease diagnoses relied on parental report of physician diagnosis, which may misclassify asthma phenotypes and attenuate true associations.\n- Filaggrin mutations and other genetic risk factors for eczema were not measured, leaving residual confounding unaddressed.","practice_takeaway":"Counsel pregnant patients that excessive gestational weight gain — beyond IOM targets — is linked to higher childhood asthma, rhinitis, and allergic sensitization risk; personalized GWG guidance based on pre-pregnancy BMI is warranted. The apparent inverse link between maternal overweight/obesity and eczema should not be interpreted as protective without further mechanistic evidence."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","pmid":"42086504","title":"Medium‐term pulmonary outcomes (<6 months) after pediatric COVID‐19 infection evaluated using impulse oscillometry and spirometry","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-05-05T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70347","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:46.581Z","updated_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:46.581Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"condition","value":"COVID-19","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"condition","value":"Post-COVID Condition","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"condition","value":"Small Airway Dysfunction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"modality","value":"Impulse Oscillometry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"modality","value":"Spirometry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=114","value_numeric":114},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"warning","value":"IOS reference values were from a Polish pediatric population (Nowowiejska et al.), not a Turkish or broadly multi-ethnic cohort — authors acknowledge this may affect external generalizability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only 15/58 post-COVID patients had acute-phase laboratory data available, limiting inflammation-to-lung-function correlation analyses.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"warning","value":"Three patients with asthma-like findings are described but represent a very small subgroup (5%); causal attribution to COVID-19 cannot be established from this design.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70347","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size (n=114) combines 58 post-COVID and 56 healthy controls; the level of evidence reflects the cross-sectional, non-randomized design comparing two groups at a single time point.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Prospective cross-sectional study comparing pulmonary function (IOS and spirometry) in 58 children aged 6–18 years evaluated 2–6 months after mild, PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection vs. 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, conducted June–December 2022 in Turkey.","key_result":"IOS detected significant airway dysfunction in post-COVID children despite normal spirometry: zR5 and R5–20 (airway resistance) were higher (p=.006 and p=.002), and zX5 and zX20 (airway reactance) were lower (p<.001 and p=.001). No significant differences were found in zFEV1, zFVC, zFEV1/FVC, or zFEF25–75. Three patients had FEV1 <90% predicted, positive bronchodilator reversibility, and new inhalant allergen sensitization — none had prior asthma.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents tracking whether IOS abnormalities resolve or persist beyond 6 months.\n- IOS reference values derived from a Polish pediatric cohort may not fully apply to Turkish children.\n- Acute-phase lab data available for only 15 of 58 patients; post-bronchodilator IOS not performed.","practice_takeaway":"After mild COVID-19, children may have subclinical airway dysfunction that spirometry misses — consider adding IOS to post-COVID respiratory follow-up. A small subset may develop new asthma-like features with bronchodilator reversibility, warranting allergen evaluation even without prior respiratory history."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","pmid":"42100127","title":"Prevalence and risk factors of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the very extreme environment of Naryn, Kyrgyzstan","journal_title":"World Allergy Organization Journal","journal_issn":"1939-4551","published_at":"2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-08T13:23:47.179Z","updated_at":"2026-05-08T13:23:47.179Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"condition","value":"Eczema","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2673","value_numeric":2673},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sex-disaggregated prevalence data were reported; the 'mixed' sex tag is inferred from the school-based adolescent sample.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper's DOI and publication date (2026) are future-dated relative to typical publication cycles; data should be treated as newly published and not yet widely cited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101386","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study used self-administered GAN questionnaires without clinical confirmation of diagnoses, which may affect prevalence estimates.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A cross-sectional GAN-methodology survey evaluated the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema, and their risk/protective factors, in 2,673 adolescents aged 13–14 years in Naryn, Kyrgyzstan — a cold, high-altitude, continental-climate region.","key_result":"Asthma current symptoms: 3.1%; severe current symptoms: 1.7%; asthma ever: 2.8%. Rhinoconjunctivitis current: 13.3%, severe: 1.7%, ever: 16.0%. Eczema current: 2.9%, severe: 0.9%, ever: 4.9%. These rates rank among the lowest globally. Physical activity and frequent paracetamol use were associated with higher odds across multiple conditions; low olive oil intake was linked to asthma indicators.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference.\n- Self-administered questionnaires in adolescents may introduce recall and reporting bias.\n- Single-city sample from a small, geographically isolated population limits generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"In this high-altitude Central Asian population, paracetamol use was a consistent risk factor across allergic conditions — consider reviewing paracetamol exposure in atopic adolescents. The inverse link between olive oil intake and asthma indicators adds to existing dietary evidence, though causality is unconfirmed."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","pmid":"41952445","title":"Treatment of allergic rhinitis with allergen immunotherapy in children and adolescents—Adherence, rhinitis severity, and asthma onset","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-04-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70304","source_score":14,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:56.542Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:56.542Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"brand","value":"Grazax","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"brand","value":"Itulazax","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Allergic Rhinitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"generic","value":"birch pollen extract","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"generic","value":"grass pollen extract","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"modality","value":"Sublingual Allergen Immunotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=8,406","value_numeric":8406},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Population-Based Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"Birch SLIT (Itulazax) was only recently approved for children ≥5 years in Sweden (May 2025); most birch SLIT data in this study involved adolescents, as it was approved for adults from 2020 during the study period.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"The reference group (single dispensed prescription) is not a truly untreated control, which limits causal inference about SLIT effectiveness overall.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size of 8,406 reflects children initiating any SLIT; 529 received both allergens, so grass (n=7,222) and birch (n=1,184) groups overlap with the combined cohort. The exact non-overlapping total may differ slightly.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This Swedish population-based register study examined whether adherence level and treatment duration of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with grass or birch pollen extract affected allergic rhinitis severity and asthma onset in children and adolescents aged 5–17 years, from July 2006 to June 2022.","key_result":"Higher adherence to grass SLIT was linked to lower allergic rhinitis severity: adjusted OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.72–0.99) in year 2 and OR 0.81 (0.67–0.96) in year 3 for the high-adherence group vs. one prescription only. No statistically significant reduction in asthma onset was found. Birch SLIT results were inconclusive, likely due to smaller sample size (n=1,184 vs. n=7,222 for grass).","limitations":"- No untreated control group; reference group was children with only one dispensed SLIT package, whose reason for stopping (symptom relief vs. dropout) is unknown.\n- Birch SLIT was introduced late in Sweden (2020), limiting follow-up time and statistical power.\n- No objective measures (lab values, skin-prick tests) or over-the-counter medication data were available.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should prescribe grass SLIT for eligible children with allergic rhinitis and actively support adherence through all 3 years, as both higher adherence and longer duration are linked to meaningfully lower rhinitis severity. Reduced rhinitis medication burden may also translate to long-term cost savings."}},{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","pmid":"41482726","title":"Factors associated with false negative exercise provocation tests following exercise‐induced allergic reactions in children desensitized to wheat","journal_title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","journal_issn":"0905-6157","published_at":"2026-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70274","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-08","doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","days":"7","issn":"0905-6157","rank":"8","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"1","category":"Allergy","categories":["Allergy"],"_categories":["Allergy"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","title":"Factors associated with false negative exercise provocation tests following exercise-induced allergic reactions in children desensitized to wheat.","journal":"Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","methods":"","results":"Among 53 patients with negative/indeterminate EPT results, 14 (26.4%) experienced allergic symptoms during follow-up (Event+ group). Higher ω5-gliadin-specific IgE levels at the time of EPT were significantly associated with Event+. No other factors (i.e., age, sex, allergy severity, or exercise intensity) showed any association. All Event+ cases occurred outdoors, suggesting a possible influence of environmental factors.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["exercise provocation test","exercise‐induced allergic reactions on desensitization","oral immunotherapy","wheat allergy","ω5‐gliadin‐specific IgE"],"pubmed_id":"41482726","conclusions":"False negatives occurred in 26.4% of pediatric wheat-desensitized patients with EPTs. Our findings highlight the need to periodically monitor EIARD after negative EPT results. Future studies should explore methods to improve the accuracy of EPTs and identify predictive markers of EIARD risk.","publication_date":"2026-01-03T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/pai.70274","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70274","ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"link":[{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pai.70274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"1","score":1,"title":["Factors associated with false negative exercise provocation tests following exercise‐induced allergic reactions in children desensitized to wheat"],"author":[{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"}]},{"given":"Teruaki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"}]},{"given":"Katsumasa","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Takasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"}]},{"given":"Komei","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center Obu Japan"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":"37","archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:33:53Z","timestamp":1767422033000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:38:08Z","timestamp":1767422288080,"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"delay-in-days":1,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pai.70274"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-07-11"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2025-12-18"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2026-01-02"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:33:57Z","timestamp":1767422037000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0905-6157"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-3038"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":[{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Consumer Affairs Agency Government of Japan.Fiscal Year Survey and Research Project on Food Labeling Related to Food Allergies Report.2024https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/food_sanitation/allergy/assets/food_labeling_cms204_241031_1.pdf. 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allergic reactions in children desensitized to wheat","updated":"2026-01-04T00:51:16+00:00","published_date":"2026-01-01","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-01-11T11:19:33.869Z","updated_at":"2026-01-15T20:51:27.064Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"condition","value":"Exercise-Induced Allergic Reactions","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"condition","value":"Wheat Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"modality","value":"Oral Immunotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=53","value_numeric":53},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"warning","value":"All events occurred outdoors, but environmental contributors were not measured; interpret cautiously.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"warning","value":"EPT was universal after rush OIT but only for high‑risk slow OIT, which may introduce selection differences.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"warning","value":"False‑negative rate and associations derive from the negative/indeterminate EPT subset (n=53), not the entire cohort (n=109).","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/pai.70274","tag_type":"warning","value":"Severity of allergic events and specific ω5‑gliadin IgE cutoffs were not provided.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective cohort of 109 children (5–18 years) undergoing exercise provocation testing (EPT) after wheat oral immunotherapy from 2012–2023; those with negative/indeterminate EPT (n=53) were followed for 1 year to detect exercise‑induced allergic reactions after wheat ingestion.","key_result":"Among 53 with negative/indeterminate EPT, 14 developed allergic symptoms during follow‑up (26.4% false‑negative rate). Higher ω5‑gliadin‑specific IgE at the time of EPT was associated with events; age, sex, allergy severity, and exercise intensity were not; all events occurred outdoors.","limitations":"Outcomes and false‑negative rate were based only on the 53 with negative/indeterminate EPT, not the full 109. The retrospective design limits control of confounders, and event severity and ω5‑gliadin IgE thresholds were not reported.","practice_takeaway":"A negative EPT after wheat OIT does not rule out exercise‑induced reactions; about 1 in 4 reacted within 1 year. Continue periodic monitoring and consider ω5‑gliadin‑specific IgE as a risk marker when counseling families, especially for outdoor exercise settings."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","pmid":"41482249","title":"Transcriptome-wide association study of sex effects identifies sex-specific nasal epithelial gene expression profiles for total IgE","journal_title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","journal_issn":"0091-6749","published_at":"2026-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","source_score":6,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-07","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","days":"14","issn":"0091-6749","rank":"6","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"6","category":"Allergy","categories":["Allergy"],"_categories":["Allergy"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","title":"Transcriptome-wide association study of sex effects identifies sex-specific nasal epithelial gene expression profiles for total IgE.","journal":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology","methods":"","results":"Differential expression analysis by sex identified 406 genes at a false discovery rate-adjusted P value of <.05, with 225 upregulated and 181 downregulated in female compared to male subjects. Top differentially expressed genes included hormone- and immune-related genes such as THRB, IL17REL, and CD207. Among these, 6 genes (MNDA, IFIT1, IFIT2, SLC22A17, JAG2, and MT3) showed significant sex-by-total IgE interaction effects on expression. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that female subjects had activation of eukaryotic translation pathways (eg, EIF2 signaling), while male subjects showed activation of immune-related pathways (eg, interferon signaling). Additionally, 19 pathways were enriched in the sex-by-IgE interaction model, including TREM1 and cytokine storm signaling.","abstract":"$32","keywords":["EVA-PR","PIAMA","TWAS","sex","total IgE"],"pubmed_id":"41482249","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-01-03T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1003","ISSN":["0091-6749"],"link":[{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S009167492502233X?httpAccept=text/xml","content-type":"text/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S009167492502233X?httpAccept=text/plain","content-type":"text/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"page":"1043-1051","type":"journal-article","issue":"5","score":1,"title":["Transcriptome-wide association study of sex effects identifies sex-specific nasal epithelial gene expression profiles for total 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adolescents aged 16), totaling 701 participants.","key_result":"406 genes were differentially expressed by sex (FDR < 0.05): 225 upregulated and 181 downregulated in females vs. males. Six genes (MNDA, IFIT1, IFIT2, SLC22A17, JAG2, MT3) showed significant sex-by-total IgE interaction. Females showed enrichment in EIF2 (translation) pathways; males in interferon signaling. Nineteen pathways—including TREM1 and cytokine storm signaling—were enriched in the sex-by-IgE interaction model.","limitations":"- Two cohorts differ in ethnicity (Puerto Rican vs. Dutch), limiting generalizability across populations.\n- Cross-sectional design limits causal inference about sex-by-IgE effects on asthma outcomes.\n- Nasal epithelium may not fully reflect lower airway biology relevant to asthma.","practice_takeaway":"Sex is a meaningful biological variable in airway epithelial gene expression and its interaction with total IgE—clinicians should factor this into asthma phenotyping and consider sex-stratified approaches in precision medicine. Genes like MNDA and IFIT1/2 may serve as future biomarker targets in sex-differentiated asthma care."}}],"initialOffset":13,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy"},{"tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Allergy","href":"/hub/Allergy"},{"name":"age group: adolescent","metadata":{"type":"age_group","value":"adolescent"}}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/Allergy/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"category_tag","hub_category":"Allergy","hub_tag_type":"age_group","hub_tag_value":"adolescent"}}}]]

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