A multi-site non-randomised controlled trial (hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness design) across 11 CAMHS sites in England evaluated youth social prescribing (SP) — delivered via Link Workers over ~5 sessions — versus usual waitlist care in 558 young people aged 11–18 awaiting CAMHS treatment, over 6 months (May 2023–March 2025).
SP did not reduce anxiety, depression symptoms, or perceived stress vs. usual care. However, SP was associated with significant reductions in total emotional and behavioural difficulties (−0.15 SD, p=0.006), driven by conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems, plus improvements in prosocial behaviour (slope difference: 0.20 SD, p=0.032) and resilience (+0.24 SD, p<0.001). No intervention-related adverse events were observed.
- Non-randomised stepped-wedge design means residual confounding and secular trends cannot be ruled out. - 16.2% of the SP group did not receive the intervention, and non-recipients were more likely male and from more deprived backgrounds, suggesting structural barriers. - Heterogeneous delivery models across sites (embedded vs. hosted Link Workers; in-person vs. remote) limit conclusions about which components drive benefit.
Social prescribing can be safely added to CAMHS waiting pathways and may stabilise behavioural functioning and build resilience, but it should not replace evidence-based psychological treatment for anxiety or depression. Clinicians should prioritise equitable access, as more deprived and male young people were less likely to engage.
Explore related topics
