This qualitative study examined organisational and interpersonal factors shaping healthcare for racialised populations in Spain, using in-depth interviews with experts (healthcare professionals, third-sector organisations, institutional actors, and researchers) in the Basque Country and Catalonia between May and July 2025.
Four key barriers emerged: lack of clear and accessible health information, a healthcare system poorly adapted to sociocultural diversity, inadequate professional training, and racial/cultural stereotyping with both clinical and non-clinical consequences.
Qualitative design with purposive and snowball sampling limits generalisability; findings reflect expert perspectives only, not direct experiences of racialised patients; geographic scope restricted to two Spanish regions.
Clinicians should seek training in socioculturally competent care and reflect on how racial and cultural stereotyping may affect clinical decisions. Healthcare organisations should audit information accessibility and adapt services to diverse populations.
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