Permanent makeup: A review of its technique, regulation, and complications
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Clinical Summary
View sourceWhat was studied
A literature review summarizing permanent makeup (PMU) use, U.S. regulatory variation, and complications reported in the literature.
Key findings
Regulation and training requirements for PMU vary widely across the U.S.; reported complications include infectious, allergic, and inflammatory reactions, which may be more common without proper hygiene and aftercare, and PMU appearance may shift when the skin is treated with cosmetic fillers or local anesthetics.
Clinical implications
Screen for PMU, counsel on hygiene and aftercare, and monitor for infectious, allergic, and inflammatory reactions; anticipate possible pigment shift or altered appearance when planning fillers or local anesthetics near PMU.
Related Questions
Explore related topics and deepen your understanding
How should dermatologists evaluate and manage allergic or inflammatory reactions to permanent makeup?What are the current state-by-state training and regulatory requirements for performing permanent makeup in the U.S.?Do cosmetic fillers or local anesthetics alter the appearance of permanent makeup and how should procedures be sequenced?