2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2iy5wruuedsh6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00yc7rcvua6a7.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/37ktb71aq3480.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d50b-7eu4558.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d6noqpp6ehas.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1sx186c93bpzg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3dc-1n866s65i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2w1bvggzb0ga8.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T583,Limited data exist on the use of novel iron therapies in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a cross-over study to compare iron polymaltose complex (IPC) and liposomal iron in pediatric patients with CKD and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Cross-over study of 33 children with CKD and IDA was conducted. They were randomized into 2 groups (group A: 17 patients, group B: 16 patients) to receive either liposomal iron or IPC for 3 months. After an 8-week washout period, they were switched to the other therapy. Red cell and iron indices, as well as bone minerals and 25(OH)D Hb levels increased by at least 1 g/dL in 48% following liposomal iron therapy and 51.5% following IPC therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in ΔHb, ΔFe, ΔsTR (transferrin receptor), or ΔTSAT (transferrin saturation) levels between the groups (p > 0.05). By mixed model analysis, IPC showed a higher Hb and TSAT and lower TRresponse compared with liposomal iron. IPC, but not liposomal iron, led to a significant reduction in serum phosphorus in both groups. Thirty-six percent of IPC recipients experienced adverse effects, compared to 3% of liposomal iron recipients. Both IPC and liposomal iron effectively improved iron status in children with CKD and IDA. However, IPC indicated a superior response, whereas liposomal iron was associated with a more favorable tolerability profile.31:Ta0c,Abstract Background Limited data exist on the use of novel iron therapies in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a cross-over study to compare iron polymaltose complex (IPC) and liposomal iron in pediatric patients with CKD and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods Cross-over study of 33 children with CKD and IDA was conducted. They were randomized into 2 groups (group A: 17 patients, group B: 16 patients) to receive either liposomal iron or IPC for 3 months. After an 8-week washout period, they were switched to the other therapy. Red cell and iron indices, as well as bone minerals and 25(OH)D 3 , were measured at baseline and after each 3-month period. A follow-up visit was conducted at 4 weeks during the treatment period to report any possible adverse events. Results Hb levels increased by at least 1 g/dL in 48% following liposomal iron therapy and 51.5% following IPC therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in ΔHb, ΔFe, ΔsTR (transferrin receptor), or ΔTSAT (transferrin saturation) levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). By mixed model analysis, IPC showed a higher Hb and TSAT and lower TRresponse compared with liposomal iron. IPC, but not liposomal iron, led to a significant reduction in serum phosphorus in both groups. Thirty-six percent of IPC recipients experienced adverse effects, compared to 3% of liposomal iron recipients. Conclusions Both IPC and liposomal iron effectively improved iron status in children with CKD and IDA. However, IPC indicated a superior response, whereas liposomal iron was associated with a more favorable tolerability profile. Graphical abstract 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Fortiferrum: brand Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Fortiferrum (brand). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand/Fortiferrum\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Brands\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Fortiferrum\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand/Fortiferrum\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Fortiferrum: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"See clinical studies on Fortiferrum — efficacy, safety signals, dosing, and head-to-head results.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","pmid":"41540129","title":"Oral liposomal iron vs. oral iron polymaltose in children with chronic kidney disease iron deficiency anemia: a cross-over study","journal_title":"Pediatric Nephrology","journal_issn":"0931-041X","published_at":"2026-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","source_score":15,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-19","doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","days":"7","issn":"0931-041X","rank":"5","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"15","category":"Urology & Nephrology","categories":["Urology & Nephrology"],"_categories":["Urology & Nephrology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","title":"Oral liposomal iron vs. oral iron polymaltose in children with chronic kidney disease iron deficiency anemia: a cross-over study.","journal":"Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)","methods":"","results":"Hb levels increased by at least 1 g/dL in 48% following liposomal iron therapy and 51.5% following IPC therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in ΔHb, ΔFe, ΔsTR (transferrin receptor), or ΔTSAT (transferrin saturation) levels between the groups (p > 0.05). By mixed model analysis, IPC showed a higher Hb and TSAT and lower TRresponse compared with liposomal iron. IPC, but not liposomal iron, led to a significant reduction in serum phosphorus in both groups. Thirty-six percent of IPC recipients experienced adverse effects, compared to 3% of liposomal iron recipients.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["CKD","Iron deficiency anemia","Iron polymaltose complex","Iron therapy","Liposomal iron","Pediatric"],"pubmed_id":"41540129","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-01-16T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"link":[{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Oral liposomal iron vs. oral iron polymaltose in children with chronic kidney disease iron deficiency anemia: a cross-over study"],"author":[{"given":"Happy","family":"Sawires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eman Abobakr","family":"Abd Alazem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Atia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1007","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-15T18:10:29Z","timestamp":1768500629000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1768560506700,"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"8 August 2025"},{"name":"revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Revised","order":2,"value":"3 December 2025"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":3,"value":"16 December 2025"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":4,"value":"15 January 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"},"order":1},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"},"order":2,"value":"The authors declare no competing interests."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"},"order":3,"value":"The Research Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Cairo University approved and monitored this study (N-87–2023)."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-15T18:10:36Z","timestamp":1768500636000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0931-041X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-198X"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":"10.3390/jcm8020152","key":"7138_CR1","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"KH Lee","volume":"8","first-page":"152","unstructured":"Lee KH, Park E, Choi HJ, Kang HG, Ha IS, Cheong HI, Park YS, Cho H, Han KH, Kim SH, Cho MH, Lee JH, Shin JI (2019) Anemia and iron deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD): data from the Know-Ped CKD study. J Clin Med 8:152","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"7138_CR2","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"(2021) Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines, London","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.017","key":"7138_CR3","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"JW Bazeley","volume":"79","first-page":"868","unstructured":"Bazeley JW, Wish JB (2022) Recent and emerging therapies for iron deficiency in anemia of CKD: a review. Am J Kidney Dis 79:868–876","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"7138_CR4","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"A Dignass","volume":"2018","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Dignass A, Farrag K, Stein J (2018) Limitations of serum ferritin in diagnosing iron deficiency in inflammatory conditions. Int J Chron Dis 2018:9394060","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Int J Chron Dis","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"7138_CR5","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"M Maladkar","volume":"08","first-page":"27","unstructured":"Maladkar M, Sankar S, Yadav A (2020) A novel approach for iron deficiency anaemia with liposomal iron: concept to clinic. J Biosci Med 08:27–41","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Biosci Med","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.3345/cep.2025.00262","key":"7138_CR6","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"WA Bahbah","volume":"68","first-page":"608","unstructured":"Bahbah WA, Younis Y, Elbelouny HS, Mahmoud AA (2025) Liposomal SunActive versus conventional iron for treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 2–12 years: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Pediatr 68:608–615","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ndt/gfu357","key":"7138_CR7","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"A Pisani","volume":"30","first-page":"645","unstructured":"Pisani A, Riccio E, Sabbatini M, Andreucci M, Del Rio A, Visciano B (2015) Effect of oral liposomal iron versus intravenous iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in CKD patients: a randomized trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30:645–652","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu16091255","key":"7138_CR8","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"D Cesarano","volume":"16","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Cesarano D, Borrelli S, Campilongo G, D’Ambra A, Papadia F, Garofalo C, De Marco A, Marzano F, Ruotolo C, Gesualdo L, Cirillo P, Minutolo R (2024) Efficacy and safety of oral supplementation with liposomal iron in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency. Nutrients 16:1255","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nutrients","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.08.002","key":"7138_CR9","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"E Montagud-Marrahi","volume":"40","first-page":"446","unstructured":"Montagud-Marrahi E, Arrizabalaga P, Abellana R, Poch E (2020) Liposomal iron in moderate chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 40:446–452","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nefrologia (Engl Ed)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.7717/peerj.10527","key":"7138_CR10","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"RR Mohd Rosli","volume":"9","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Mohd Rosli RR, Norhayati MN, Ismail SB (2021) Effectiveness of iron polymaltose complex in treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 9:e10527","article-title":null,"journal-title":"PeerJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ndt/gft033","key":"7138_CR11","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"F Locatelli","volume":"28","first-page":"1346","unstructured":"Locatelli F, Barany P, Covic A, De Francisco A, Del Vecchio L, Goldsmith D, Horl W, London G, Vanholder R, Van Biesen W, ERA-EDTA ERBP Advisory Board (2013) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes guidelines on anaemia management in chronic kidney disease: a European Renal Best Practice position statement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:1346–1359","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018","key":"7138_CR12","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKDWG","volume":"105","first-page":"S117","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKDWG (2024) KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105:S117–S314","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/kisup.2012.34","key":"7138_CR13","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"(2012) Chapter 2: Use of iron to treat anemia in CKD. Kidney Int Suppl 2:292–298","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ckj/sfx100","key":"7138_CR14","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"SD Roger","volume":"10","first-page":"i9","unstructured":"Roger SD (2017) Practical considerations for iron therapy in the management of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 10:i9–i15","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Kidney J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"7138_CR15","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"K Pantopoulos","volume":"109","first-page":"2790","unstructured":"Pantopoulos K (2024) Oral iron supplementation: new formulations, old questions. Haematologica 109:2790–2801","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Haematologica","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.4084/MJHID.2024.075","key":"7138_CR16","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"S Alexiadou","volume":"16","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Alexiadou S, Tsigalou C, Kourkouni E, Tsalkidis A, Mantadakis E (2024) Oral iron-hydroxide polymaltose complex versus sucrosomial iron for children with iron deficiency with or without anemia: a clinical trial with emphasis on intestinal inflammation. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 16:e2024075","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ekir.2021.05.020","key":"7138_CR17","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"OM Gutierrez","volume":"6","first-page":"2261","unstructured":"Gutierrez OM (2021) Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in CKD and end-stage kidney disease. Kidney Int Rep 6:2261–2269","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.5414/CN109198","key":"7138_CR18","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"IC Macdougall","volume":"88","first-page":"301","unstructured":"Macdougall IC, Bock AH, Carrera F, Eckardt KU, Gaillard C, Wyck DV, Meier Y, Larroque S, Perrin A, Roger SD (2017) Erythropoietic response to oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease in the FIND-CKD trial. Clin Nephrol 88:301–310","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jama.2017.6846","key":"7138_CR19","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"JM Powers","volume":"317","first-page":"2297","unstructured":"Powers JM, Buchanan GR, Adix L, Zhang S, Gao A, McCavit TL (2017) Effect of low-dose ferrous sulfate vs iron polysaccharide complex on hemoglobin concentration in young children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 317:2297–2304","article-title":null,"journal-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00467-023-06048-z","key":"7138_CR20","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"K Meza","volume":"39","first-page":"233","unstructured":"Meza K, Biswas S, Talmor C, Baqai K, Samsonov D, Solomon S, Akchurin O (2024) Response to oral iron therapy in children with anemia of chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 39:233–242","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nrneph.2010.139","key":"7138_CR21","year":"2010","issue":null,"author":"A Besarab","volume":"6","first-page":"699","unstructured":"Besarab A, Coyne DW (2010) Iron supplementation to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 6:699–710","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1681/ASN.2016101053","key":"7138_CR22","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"S Fishbane","volume":"28","first-page":"1851","unstructured":"Fishbane S, Block GA, Loram L, Neylan J, Pergola PE, Uhlig K, Chertow GM (2017) Effects of ferric citrate in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD and iron deficiency anemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:1851–1858","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3324/haematol.2014.106799","key":"7138_CR23","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"S van Santen","volume":"99","first-page":null,"unstructured":"van Santen S, de Mast Q, Oosting JD, van Ede A, Swinkels DW, van der Ven AJ (2014) Hematologic parameters predicting a response to oral iron therapy in chronic inflammation. Haematologica 99:e171-173","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Haematologica","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1186/1556-276X-8-102","key":"7138_CR24","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"A Akbarzadeh","volume":"8","first-page":"102","unstructured":"Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei-Sadabady R, Davaran S, Joo SW, Zarghami N, Hanifehpour Y, Samiei M, Kouhi M, Nejati-Koshki K (2013) Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 8:102","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s12011-021-02598-1","key":"7138_CR25","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"A Abu-Zaid","volume":"199","first-page":"4516","unstructured":"Abu-Zaid A, Magzoub D, Aldehami MA, Behiry AA, Bhagavathula AS, Hajji R (2021) The effect of iron supplementation on FGF23 in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and time-response meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 199:4516–4524","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/jbmr.1923","key":"7138_CR26","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"M Wolf","volume":"28","first-page":"1793","unstructured":"Wolf M, Koch TA, Bregman DB (2013) Effects of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on fibroblast growth factor 23 and phosphate homeostasis in women. J Bone Miner Res 28:1793–1803","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1172/jci.insight.124486","key":"7138_CR27","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"M Wolf","volume":"3","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Wolf M, Chertow GM, Macdougall IC, Kaper R, Krop J, Strauss W (2018) Randomized trial of intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia. JCI Insight 3:e124486","article-title":null,"journal-title":"JCI Insight","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["7138"],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"reference-count":27,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":27,"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","is_oa":true,"title":"Oral liposomal iron vs. oral iron polymaltose in children with chronic kidney disease iron deficiency anemia: a cross-over study","updated":"2026-01-18T01:04:10+00:00","published_date":"2026-01-15","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w.pdf","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-20T15:55:50.695Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T12:05:26.220Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"brand","value":"Enrich","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"brand","value":"Fortiferrum","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"category","value":"Urology & Nephrology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Kidney Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"condition","value":"Iron Deficiency Anemia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"iron polymaltose complex","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"liposomal iron","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Oral Iron","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=33","value_numeric":33},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Crossover Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design classification based on an unblinded, two-period randomized crossover with small N; mixed-model findings may differ from simple within-period contrasts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00467-025-07138-w","tag_type":"warning","value":"Liposomal iron adverse-event rate is 3% in the abstract but 9% (3/33) in the results table.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"limitations":"Small sample (n=33), unblinded crossover design, and short 3‑month treatment periods limit precision and generalizability.","what_studied":"Randomized two-period crossover trial in 33 children (ages 1–15) with CKD stages 2–5 and iron deficiency anemia comparing 3 months of oral liposomal iron vs. oral iron polymaltose complex, separated by an 8-week washout.","key_result":"Hb rose ≥1 g/dL in 48% after liposomal iron and 51.5% after IPC; simple ΔHb, ΔFe, ΔsTR, and ΔTSAT comparisons showed no differences (p>0.05). Mixed-model analysis favored IPC with higher Hb and TSAT and lower sTR (p≈0.039, 0.023, 0.044), IPC reduced serum phosphorus in both periods (p=0.043 and 0.044), and adverse effects were more frequent with IPC (12/33, 36%) than liposomal iron (3/33, 9%; p<0.001).","practice_takeaway":"Both formulations improved iron indices in pediatric CKD; IPC showed a modestly greater hematologic response but caused more adverse effects, while liposomal iron was better tolerated. IPC also lowered serum phosphorus; choice may hinge on balancing efficacy with tolerability and mineral effects."}}],"initialOffset":1,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"brand","value":"Fortiferrum"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Brands","href":"/hub/tag/brand"},{"name":"Fortiferrum"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"brand","hub_tag_value":"Fortiferrum"}}}]]

Papers