2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2iy5wruuedsh6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00yc7rcvua6a7.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/37ktb71aq3480.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d50b-7eu4558.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d6noqpp6ehas.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1sx186c93bpzg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3dc-1n866s65i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2w1bvggzb0ga8.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T782,Obesity is highly prevalent in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and is associated with worse disease outcomes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly being used for weight loss and diabetes, but their impact on PsA outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to characterize patients with PsA initiating GLP-1RAs and assess longitudinal changes in weight, PsA activity, and cardiometabolic parameters. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PsA who initiated GLP-1RAs. PsA disease activity data and cardiometabolic parameters from clinical visits within one year before and after GLP-1RA initiation, along with demographics and comorbidities, were collected. Forty-eight patients with a median body mass index of 34.9 were included. Significant weight loss was observed posttreatment (-6.43 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.5 to -2.0; P < 0.0001), with 60% losing ≥5% of their baseline bodyweight. C-reactive protein levels (-1.1 mg/L; P = 0.002), pain scores (-1.0; P = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (-0.35 mmol/L; P = 0.02) decreased significantly. Each 1% reduction in body weight was associated with significant improvements in the Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis score (β = -0.49, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.03), tender joint count (β = -0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.05), EuroQol 5-domain (β = 0.0016, 95% CI 0.008-0.023), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.003), and systolic blood pressure (β = -0.67, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.15). In this real-world study, GLP-1RA therapy in PsA was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss and improvements in systemic inflammation, pain, and cardiometabolic markers. Improvements in psoriatic outcomes were proportional to the degree of weight loss. These findings warrant further investigation in prospective controlled studies to evaluate the role of GLP-1RAs in PsA management and comorbidities.31:Td38, Objective Obesity is highly prevalent in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and is associated with worse disease outcomes. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are increasingly being used for weight loss and diabetes, but their impact on PsA outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to characterize patients with PsA initiating GLP‐1RAs and assess longitudinal changes in weight, PsA activity, and cardiometabolic parameters. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PsA who initiated GLP‐1RAs. PsA disease activity data and cardiometabolic parameters from clinical visits within one year before and after GLP‐1RA initiation, along with demographics and comorbidities, were collected. Results Forty‐eight patients with a median body mass index of 34.9 were included. Significant weight loss was observed posttreatment (−6.43 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.5 to −2.0; P < 0.0001), with 60% losing ≥5% of their baseline bodyweight. C‐reactive protein levels (−1.1 mg/L; P = 0.002), pain scores (−1.0; P = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (−0.35 mmol/L; P = 0.02) decreased significantly. Each 1% reduction in body weight was associated with significant improvements in the Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis score (β = −0.49, 95% CI −0.94 to −0.03), tender joint count (β = −0.18, 95% CI −0.32 to −0.05), EuroQol 5‐domain (β = 0.0016, 95% CI 0.008–0.023), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β = −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.003), and systolic blood pressure (β = −0.67, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.15). Conclusion In this real‐world study, GLP‐1RA therapy in PsA was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss and improvements in systemic inflammation, pain, and cardiometabolic markers. Improvements in psoriatic outcomes were proportional to the degree of weight loss. These findings warrant further investigation in prospective controlled studies to evaluate the role of GLP‐1RAs in PsA management and comorbidities.

image

25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Zepbound: brand Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Zepbound (brand). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand/Zepbound\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Brands\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Zepbound\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/brand/Zepbound\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Zepbound: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"See clinical studies on Zepbound — efficacy, safety signals, dosing, and head-to-head results.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","pmid":"42692477","title":"Trends in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions for Children Ages 8 to 11 With Obesity: 2019–2026","journal_title":"Pediatrics","journal_issn":"0031-4005","published_at":"2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2026-077048","source_score":244,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-08T06:32:13.161Z","updated_at":"2026-09-08T06:32:13.161Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"brand","value":"Saxenda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pediatric Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"generic","value":"liraglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=3520531","value_numeric":3520531},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study data run through June 17, 2026; 2026 figures are partial-year estimates and may not reflect full-year trends.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 9.3% figure for 2026 reflects prevalent prescribing within a specific subgroup and timeframe (to June 2026), not the overall cohort rate of 0.6% — context matters when citing these numbers.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact flag 'safety_signal' was applied because rapid, large-scale prescribing growth in a young age group with limited long-term pediatric safety data warrants monitoring — not because the paper itself reports adverse events.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2026-077048","tag_type":"warning","value":"Zepbound (tirzepatide) is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, not a pure GLP-1RA; its inclusion alongside Saxenda and Wegovy may slightly broaden the definition of 'GLP-1RA' used in this study.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cross-sectional study of repeated annual cohorts (Epic Cosmos database) examined trends in GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) prescribing for children aged 8–11 with obesity but without diabetes from January 2019 to June 2026 (n = 3,520,531).","key_result":"Only 0.6% of eligible children received a GLP-1RA prescription overall, but prescribing rose 310-fold — from 0.03% in 2019 to 9.3% in 2026 (P < .001). Rates were higher in older children (11 yr: 79.5 vs. 8 yr: 41.5 per 10,000), females (75.9 vs. 42.8 per 10,000), those with comorbidities (188.9 per 10,000), and those with low social vulnerability (76.1 vs. 49.2 per 10,000 for high vulnerability).","limitations":"- Retrospective cross-sectional design cannot establish causation or capture whether prescriptions were filled/used.\n- Epic Cosmos captures only health systems using Epic EHR, potentially limiting generalizability.\n- No data on dosing, duration, or clinical outcomes (e.g., weight loss, adverse events).","practice_takeaway":"GLP-1RAs are being appropriately targeted to higher-risk children (older age, more comorbidities), but children with greater socioeconomic vulnerability are being prescribed them less often — a disparity worth actively addressing in clinical practice."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","pmid":"42690639","title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","journal_title":"JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery","journal_issn":"2168-6181","published_at":"2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-07T06:30:37.585Z","updated_at":"2026-09-07T06:30:37.585Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"category","value":"Surgery","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size tag applied — this is a review synthesizing multiple studies, not a single trial with one N.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"warning","value":"Publication date (September 3, 2026) is in the future relative to today's date context — verified as provided in the source.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is a narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis; risk of selection bias in source inclusion is not formally addressed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2026.2266","tag_type":"warning","value":"The FDA approval date for tirzepatide in OSA is stated as December 2024; brand name (Zepbound) for OSA indication inferred from context — confirm current label.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review evaluated GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) as pharmacotherapy for obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults, synthesizing evidence from six meta-analyses and the SURMOUNT-OSA phase 3 trials, with a focus on AHI reduction, mechanisms of action, and positioning within otolaryngologic practice.","key_result":"Tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-OSA) reduced AHI by 20–24 events/hour vs placebo, with 42–50% of patients achieving disease remission; across six meta-analyses, GLP-1 RAs reduced AHI by −5.7 to −21.9 events/hour — but still fell short of CPAP (≈22 vs ≈31 events/hour reduction).","limitations":"- This is a review, not a primary trial; no new patient-level data are presented.\n- Cardiovascular outcome benefits of GLP-1 RAs in OSA remain unproven.\n- Weight regain after discontinuation is common, raising durability concerns.","practice_takeaway":"Consider GLP-1 RAs (particularly tirzepatide, FDA-approved Dec 2024) as adjunct therapy for patients with OSA and BMI >30 who are CPAP-intolerant or have obesity-related comorbidities — also useful for preoperative optimization before upper airway surgery or to expand hypoglossal nerve stimulator eligibility.\n\nGLP-1 RAs are unlikely to benefit OSA patients without obesity or those with primarily anatomical airway obstruction."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","pmid":"42660161","title":"From adiposity to multisystem morbidity: the case for weight loss as disease modification","journal_title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","journal_issn":"2213-8587","published_at":"2026-08-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","source_score":16,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-06T06:22:57.417Z","updated_at":"2026-09-06T06:22:57.417Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstructive Sleep Apnoea","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Osteoarthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1/GIP Dual Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Weight Loss Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review / Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand name tags (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound) are inferred from the generic drug names semaglutide and tirzepatide as used in obesity/diabetes contexts; the paper does not explicitly list brand names.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"No specific sample size is reported, as this is a review article synthesising across multiple studies.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper is a narrative review using a triangulation framework — not a formal systematic review or meta-analysis — so the strength of causal inference varies by condition and evidence type.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00186-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design label 'Systematic Review / Narrative Review' reflects a hybrid approach; the authors describe triangulation of multiple evidence types rather than a preregistered systematic methodology.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review evaluates whether weight-loss interventions (lifestyle, surgical, and pharmacological — notably semaglutide and tirzepatide) can prevent or modify common obesity-related conditions across musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, mental health, respiratory, and hepatic domains, using a triangulation framework of epidemiological, genetic (including Mendelian randomisation), and randomised trial evidence.","key_result":"Robust trial evidence supports weight loss as disease-modifying in type 2 diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; incretin-based therapies (semaglutide, tirzepatide) now achieve ~14–20% average weight loss in people without diabetes and have generated the first large-scale randomised evidence of disease modification across several conditions, though many areas (musculoskeletal, respiratory, mental health, cardiovascular) remain under-investigated.","limitations":"- Many conditions lack adequate randomised trial evidence, limiting causal conclusions.\n- Evidence on varying magnitudes of weight loss with different agents, disease-stage effects, and long-term (legacy) outcomes is sparse.\n- Trials have not adequately addressed multimorbidity, mechanistic mediation, diverse global populations, or access equity.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians have strong evidence to use weight-loss therapies — especially GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists like tirzepatide — for disease modification in type 2 diabetes and HFpEF, but should recognise that evidence for many other obesity-related conditions is still emerging. Individualised treatment targets and long-term follow-up remain important given persistent gaps in outcome data."}},{"doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","pmid":"42638166","title":"Trends in Cost of Care With Tirzepatide in Adults Aged Over 55 Years With Obesity or Overweight Without Diabetes: A Matched Cohort Analysis","journal_title":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","journal_issn":"1462-8902","published_at":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.71250","source_score":86,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-31T06:18:44.394Z","updated_at":"2026-08-31T06:18:44.394Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Overweight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=31686","value_numeric":31686},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Matched Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"warning","value":"Impact flag 'practice_changing' assigned because findings directly inform Medicare coverage policy debates for anti-obesity medications in older adults, but causality is limited by the observational design.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"warning","value":"The brand tag reflects tirzepatide's weight-management indication (Zepbound); the study predates full Medicare Part D coverage decisions and references the 'Bridge programme' with a $195/month net cost figure that may not reflect current policy.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.71250","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text extracted from the PDF appears to be an unrelated 2023 U.S. Joint Economic Committee report—not the tirzepatide study. All structured data were derived exclusively from the abstract and results sections provided in the paper metadata, not from the full text. Verify full-text details before clinical application.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective matched cohort study compared all-cause healthcare cost trends (excluding tirzepatide drug costs) between adults >55 years with obesity or overweight (plus ≥1 weight-related comorbidity) without type 2 diabetes who initiated tirzepatide versus propensity score-matched controls who received no incretin-based therapy, using US Komodo claims data from November 2022 to September 2025 and a difference-in-differences framework across 3–6, 6–12, and 12–18 month windows.","key_result":"By 12–18 months, tirzepatide users had $319/month lower non-drug healthcare costs than controls (25.4% reduction; 95% CI –$544 to –$94; p=0.015), driven by fewer inpatient/ED visits (IRR 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.94; p=0.021); pairwise censoring yielded an even larger offset of $607/month. No significant cost difference was seen at 3–6 months, and the 6–12 month estimate was –$145 (12.3%; p=0.022).","limitations":"- Results apply only to persistent users; discontinuation (common with GLP-1 agents) would attenuate or eliminate savings.\n- Observational design with propensity matching cannot fully rule out residual confounding (e.g., differential motivation to stay healthy).\n- Follow-up beyond 18 months is not available, so longer-term cost trajectories remain unknown.","practice_takeaway":"For older adults (>55) with obesity but without T2 diabetes who stay on tirzepatide, non-drug healthcare costs fall meaningfully by 12–18 months and may offset a substantial portion of drug costs—relevant context for payers considering coverage under programs like Medicare Bridge. Persistence on therapy is critical, as cost savings appear to accumulate over time."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","pmid":"42481750","title":"Diagnosis, staging and management of obesity: a synthesis of contemporary guidelines","journal_title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","journal_issn":"1759-5029","published_at":"2026-07-21T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","source_score":24,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-24T13:38:12.949Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T13:38:12.949Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"brand","value":"Contrave","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"brand","value":"Qsymia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"brand","value":"Saxenda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Overweight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"liraglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"naltrexone/bupropion extended-release","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"phentermine/topiramate extended-release","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Dual Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Intragastric Balloon","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Naltrexone/Bupropion","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Phentermine/Topiramate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Clinical Practice Guideline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence '1' reflects CPG status per evidence hierarchy; individual recommendations within the guideline range from high to very low quality evidence per GRADE.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag was omitted because this is a guideline synthesis, not a single trial with a defined N.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper's metadata (title, author, PDF properties) identifies this as the VA/DOD 2025 CPG for Overweight and Obesity in Adults, not the Nature Reviews Endocrinology article cited in the DOI and journal fields—there is a mismatch between the provided metadata and the actual document content. Structured extraction is based on the VA/DOD CPG full text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01279-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag was applied because the guideline explicitly moves away from mandatory CLI-first stepped care before pharmacotherapy and lowers the BMI threshold for bariatric surgery (≥30 with T2DM), representing a meaningful shift from prior VA/DOD guidance.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This is the 2025 VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, updated using GRADE methodology based on evidence reviewed through January 2025. It covers diagnosis, staging, and multimodal management—including lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, and metabolic/bariatric surgery—in adult Veterans and active-duty Service members.","key_result":"23 evidence-based recommendations were issued. Key strong recommendations include: (1) offering comprehensive lifestyle intervention (CLI) combining behavioral, dietary, and physical activity components; (2) semaglutide or tirzepatide for weight loss and maintenance in BMI ≥27 kg/m² with comorbidity or BMI ≥30 kg/m² (average weight loss −11.8% and −15% to −21.2%, respectively, vs. placebo). Weak recommendations support metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS) for BMI ≥35 or BMI ≥30 with T2DM (MBS reduced BMI by 6.01 kg/m² and weight by 17.7% more than lifestyle/medical therapy). Discontinuing obesity medications is weakly advised against, as stopping semaglutide led to +6.9% weight regain vs. −7.9% with continuation (STEP 4); stopping tirzepatide led to +14.0% regain vs. −5.5% (SURMOUNT-4). No specific adiposity measure (beyond BMI) was recommended for or against due to insufficient evidence.","limitations":"Evidence base consists largely of systematic reviews and RCTs with high heterogeneity, short follow-up (often <2 years), and selective trial populations that may not reflect the VA/DOD demographic (e.g., high comorbidity burden, PTSD, combat injuries). No studies directly compared timing of pharmacotherapy initiation relative to CLI. Dose-reduction strategies for obesity medications have no evidence base.","practice_takeaway":"Offer CLI plus semaglutide or tirzepatide to eligible patients (BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with a comorbidity) rather than sequencing lifestyle before medication—there is no evidence supporting a mandatory CLI-first waiting period. Advise patients that stopping obesity medications will likely lead to substantial weight regain, so plan for long-term or lifelong therapy."}},{"doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","pmid":"42457215","title":"Psoriatic arthritis and obesity: a review of clinical burden and considerations for comprehensive care","journal_title":"RMD Open","journal_issn":"2056-5933","published_at":"2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-20T13:36:05.406Z","updated_at":"2026-07-20T13:36:05.406Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Cosentyx","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Taltz","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psoriasis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psoriatic Arthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"bimekizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"ixekizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"methotrexate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"secukinumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"tofacitinib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"upadacitinib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"generic","value":"ustekinumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"IL-17 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"IL-23 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"JAK Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"modality","value":"TNF Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=49","value_numeric":49},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects the number of included studies in the narrative review, not a patient-level N.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the TOGETHER-PsA combination therapy signal and the emerging incretin data; clinicians should note that PsA-specific regulatory approvals for GLP-1/GIP RAs are not yet established.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"warning","value":"The TOGETHER-PsA trial (n=271) results cited are from a 2026 publication; full peer-reviewed data should be independently verified as the review appears to have had early access.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006577","tag_type":"warning","value":"This review was funded by Eli Lilly and Company, and three co-authors are Lilly employees; tirzepatide (a Lilly product) is featured prominently including data from the TOGETHER-PsA trial authored by overlapping investigators.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review examined the interplay between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and obesity, covering shared inflammatory pathways, impact on disease severity and treatment response, weight-management strategies (lifestyle, bariatric surgery, pharmacological), and the potential role of incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 RAs, dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs). Literature search covered PubMed, Embase, and Scopus up to October 2025; 49 studies were included.","key_result":"Obesity (BMI ≥30) worsens PsA severity, reduces biologic response, and raises cardiovascular risk. Key data points: each 1-unit BMI rise in psoriasis patients increases PsA risk by 5.3%; modest weight loss (5–10% body weight) improves disease activity; in one trial, ACR20 response was 71% vs 30% (p=0.008) in patients who lost ≥18.6% weight. The TOGETHER-PsA trial (n=271) found ixekizumab plus tirzepatide achieved ACR50 and ≥10% weight loss at week 36 in 31.7% vs 0.8% with ixekizumab alone (p<0.001), with higher ACR50 rates (33.5% vs 20.4%; p=0.02).","limitations":"- Non-systematic search introduces selection bias despite efforts to prioritize higher-quality evidence.\n- Three authors are Eli Lilly employees and the study was funded by Eli Lilly, raising potential conflict of interest given tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound) is a Lilly product prominently featured.\n- PsA-specific outcome data for incretin-based therapies remain limited; most cardiovascular and weight-loss data derive from diabetes or general obesity populations.","practice_takeaway":"Treat obesity as a core comorbidity in PsA—screen BMI routinely, integrate weight-management counseling into every rheumatology visit, and consider GLP-1 RA or GIP/GLP-1 RA co-therapy for patients with PsA and obesity who have inadequate response to biologics alone. Multidisciplinary coordination with endocrinology, dietetics, and primary care is recommended by EULAR, GRAPPA, and ACR/NPF guidelines."}},{"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","pmid":"42424619","title":"Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists With Menstrual Events in Reproductive-Aged Patients","journal_title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","journal_issn":"0029-7844","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:08.905Z","updated_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:08.905Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"brand","value":"Victoza","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"condition","value":"Menstrual Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"generic","value":"liraglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Pharmacovigilance Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand tags include common trade names for semaglutide and tirzepatide but the paper does not specify which formulations were captured in FAERS.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) was not reported in the abstract; tag omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"warning","value":"The age range 12–55 spans adolescent through perimenopausal women; findings may not apply uniformly across all subgroups.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006367","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design is a pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis — it can identify safety signals but cannot confirm causality or quantify absolute risk.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study evaluated the association between GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide) and menstrual adverse events in female patients aged 12–55 years, using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data through March 2026 via disproportionality and Bayesian analyses.","key_result":"Semaglutide showed the broadest signal profile — disproportionate reporting of heavy menstrual bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual clots, oligomenorrhea, and anovulatory cycles. Tirzepatide generated signals for intermenstrual bleeding and menstrual clots. Liraglutide produced no significant signals.","limitations":"Pharmacovigilance data from FAERS are subject to underreporting, reporting bias, and inability to establish causation. Confounders such as underlying conditions (e.g., PCOS, obesity) and concomitant medications cannot be controlled. Signal detection does not confirm incidence or absolute risk.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians prescribing semaglutide or tirzepatide to reproductive-aged patients should proactively counsel them about potential menstrual changes, including heavy bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, and cycle irregularities. Consider incorporating menstrual health monitoring into follow-up for patients on these agents."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","pmid":"42309434","title":"Adjunctive GLP1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Obesity and/or Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation","journal_title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","journal_issn":"1542-3565","published_at":"2026-06-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-19T13:23:21.847Z","updated_at":"2026-06-19T13:23:21.847Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"category","value":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"condition","value":"Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"condition","value":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"condition","value":"Ulcerative Colitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2374","value_numeric":2374},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Target Trial Emulation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand tags for semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound) are inferred from the generic names; the paper does not specify which branded formulations were used.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size listed reflects the GLP-1RA initiator arms only (2028 + 346); total matched cohort is approximately 4,748 patients — the value_numeric uses the sum of initiators as the labeled 'n' since the abstract leads with these figures.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper's DOI and publication date (June 2026) are future-dated relative to common databases; data integrity assumed as provided.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.008","tag_type":"warning","value":"Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, not a pure GLP-1RA; its inclusion under the GLP-1RA label follows the authors' own classification.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This target trial emulation examined whether adding semaglutide or tirzepatide to existing IBD therapy improves 1-year clinical outcomes in stable IBD patients with comorbid obesity and/or diabetes, using U.S. claims data (OptumLabs, 2018–2023) across two cohorts: those on 5-ASA/no IBD therapy (cohort 1, n=4,056 matched pairs) and those on advanced therapies/immunomodulators (cohort 2, n=692 matched pairs).","key_result":"GLP-1RA initiation did not reduce 1-year IBD relapse risk in either cohort. In cohort 1, relapse rates were identical (7.9% vs. 7.9%; RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.82–1.24). In cohort 2, there was a non-significant trend toward lower relapse (12.4% vs. 15.6%; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.55–1.15). Safety outcomes were similar in both groups. Roughly one-third of patients discontinued GLP-1RAs within 1 year.","limitations":"- Observational claims data cannot confirm actual medication use or adherence; ~33–36% discontinued GLP-1RAs within 1 year, which may dilute any true effect.\n- Relapse defined by administrative codes (hospitalization, surgery, prednisone use) may not capture endoscopic or biomarker-based disease activity.\n- Cohort 2 was relatively small (n=346 per arm), leaving the study underpowered to detect modest treatment effects (CI spans 0.55–1.15).","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can reassure stable IBD patients that starting semaglutide or tirzepatide for obesity or diabetes does not appear to worsen disease control. However, GLP-1RAs should not yet be prescribed with the expectation of improving IBD outcomes, as no benefit was demonstrated."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","pmid":"42252247","title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist use and cancer risk in obese nondiabetic adults","journal_title":"Annals of Oncology","journal_issn":"0923-7534","published_at":"2026-06-07T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","source_score":68,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-13T15:34:36.018Z","updated_at":"2026-06-13T15:34:36.018Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity-Associated Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=161798","value_numeric":161798},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Target Trial Emulation (Retrospective Cohort Study)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand names (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound) are inferred from the generic drugs listed (semaglutide, tirzepatide); the paper does not explicitly name these brands.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of practice_changing is applied cautiously — the authors themselves call for prospective trials to confirm causality; clinical uptake should await further validation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"warning","value":"The lack of OAC risk reduction in Black patients is noted but not mechanistically explained in the abstract; clinicians should interpret subgroup findings with caution given potential small sample sizes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.annonc.2026.04.013","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study uses a target trial emulation design from a US claims/EHR database (TriNetX); unmeasured confounders (e.g., lifestyle factors, cancer screening rates) may bias results.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This target trial emulation evaluated whether GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use reduces the risk of 13 obesity-associated cancers (OACs) in obese, nondiabetic adults without prior OAC, comparing GLP-1RA users to those receiving diet/exercise counseling, with a median follow-up of 2 years.","key_result":"After 1:1 propensity score matching (n=161,798), GLP-1RA users had a significantly lower incidence of any OAC compared to diet/exercise controls (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53–0.67); the benefit was consistent across most subgroups except Black patients.","limitations":"- Median follow-up was only 2 years, which may be too short to capture cancer development and cannot establish long-term risk reduction.\n- Observational design (target trial emulation) limits causal inference; residual confounding is possible despite propensity score matching.\n- The lack of benefit in Black patients is unexplained and warrants further study, as this subgroup may be underrepresented.","practice_takeaway":"GLP-1RAs may offer meaningful short-term cancer risk reduction in obese, nondiabetic patients — a potential benefit worth discussing alongside weight management goals. Prospective trials are still needed before this finding changes prescribing practice."}},{"doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","pmid":"42244165","title":"Micro Doses, Macro Potential? Considerations for Microdosing Tirzepatide in Multi‐Dose Pens","journal_title":"Obesity","journal_issn":"1930-7381","published_at":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.70253","source_score":31,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:56.062Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:56.062Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Commentary / Perspective","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"warning","value":"Both brand names (Zepbound for obesity, Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes) are associated with tirzepatide; the paper's focus on obesity context was used to prioritize tagging.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text was not available; summary is based on title, framing, and journal context only. Key arguments and specific recommendations may differ from what is described here.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/oby.70253","tag_type":"warning","value":"This paper appears to be a commentary or perspective piece, not a primary research study — no sample size or clinical outcomes data are present. Level of evidence is set to 7 (expert opinion).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This paper examines the concept of 'microdosing' tirzepatide using multi-dose pens — delivering sub-labeled doses below the standard titration schedule — and considers the potential implications, risks, and unknowns of this practice.","key_result":"No primary clinical trial results are reported; the paper presents conceptual and practical considerations around microdosing tirzepatide, including pharmacological, safety, and equity concerns without quantitative outcome data.","limitations":"No original clinical data or trial results are provided; conclusions are based on theoretical reasoning rather than empirical evidence. The real-world impact of microdosing on efficacy and safety remains untested.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should be cautious about off-label microdosing of tirzepatide outside established titration protocols, as the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles at sub-therapeutic doses are not well characterized. Until evidence is available, adherence to approved dosing schedules is advisable."}},{"doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","pmid":"42235948","title":"Could Incretin‐Based Weight Loss Unmask a Modifiable Nociplastic Pain Phenotype? A Rheumatological Reading of\n SURMOUNT\n ‐5","journal_title":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","journal_issn":"1462-8902","published_at":"2026-06-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70936","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:34.614Z","updated_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:34.614Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Pain","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"condition","value":"Nociplastic Pain","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"6","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Commentary / Perspective","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dom.70936","tag_type":"warning","value":"This paper is a commentary/perspective interpreting SURMOUNT-5 trial findings through a rheumatological lens — no original primary data are presented. The hypothesis linking incretin-based weight loss to unmasking nociplastic pain is speculative and not yet validated in prospective studies. The paper abstract/full text was not directly available; summary is based on title, journal context, and DOI metadata only.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This paper offers a rheumatological reinterpretation of the SURMOUNT-5 trial data, exploring whether incretin-based weight loss (tirzepatide) may unmask or modify a nociplastic pain phenotype in patients with obesity.","key_result":"The authors propose that significant weight reduction achieved with incretin-based therapies may reveal an underlying nociplastic pain component that could be a modifiable treatment target, though no specific outcome numbers are provided beyond the SURMOUNT-5 trial context.","limitations":"This is a perspective/commentary piece rather than an original clinical trial, so no new primary data or outcome statistics are presented. Causal inferences about nociplastic pain and incretin therapy are speculative and hypothesis-generating only.","practice_takeaway":"Rheumatologists and pain specialists should consider evaluating patients for nociplastic pain after significant incretin-based weight loss, as residual pain after weight reduction may reflect a central sensitization phenotype amenable to targeted therapy."}},{"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","pmid":"42219687","title":"Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptors Are Expressed in the Lateral Septum and Reduce Electrically-Evoked Dopamine Release as well as the Ability of Cocaine to Increase Extracellular Dopamine","journal_title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience","journal_issn":"1948-7193","published_at":"2026-05-31T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:33.834Z","updated_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:33.834Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"category","value":"Neurosciences","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cocaine Use Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dopamine Dysregulation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"generic","value":"d-Ala2 GIP1-42","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"6","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"modality","value":"Dual GLP-1R/GIPR Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=20","value_numeric":20},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Preclinical Animal Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"warning","value":"All FSCV experiments were conducted in anesthetized animals, which may not reflect awake, behaving physiology.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"warning","value":"RNAscope expression data for GIPR/GLP-1R co-expression used only 3 male mice; DRD2/GLP-1R data used 2 male and 2 female mice — generalizability is limited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size is very small (n=5 per group); findings should be considered hypothesis-generating only.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is classified as preclinical animal study; level of evidence reflects this but the label 'Preclinical Animal Study' is not a standard clinical hierarchy category.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00954","tag_type":"warning","value":"Tirzepatide itself was not directly tested — its components (GLP-1R and GIPR agonism) were studied separately and in combination using different compounds (semaglutide + [d-Ala2]GIP1–42).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This mouse study examined whether GIPR and GLP-1R are expressed in the lateral septum (LS), and whether systemic agonism of these receptors (semaglutide, [d-Ala2]GIP1–42, or both) alters electrically evoked dopamine release in the LS and cocaine-induced dopamine elevation, measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in anesthetized male C57BL/6J mice.","key_result":"In the dorsolateral LS, 37.1% of GLP-1R+ neurons co-expressed GIPR; 18.1% co-expressed GIPR in the intermediate LS. All three treatment arms (semaglutide alone, [d-Ala2]GIP1–42 alone, and combined) significantly reduced peak electrically evoked dopamine release and cocaine-augmented dopamine (max amplitude and AUC) vs. vehicle (p ≤ 0.049 to p ≤ 0.0001). Combined GLP-1R + GIPR agonism produced the most robust attenuation, including a significant interaction effect on max DA amplitude (F(1,8) = 9.410, p = 0.0154).","limitations":"- Very small sample size (n=5 per group, total n=20) limits detection of subtle effects such as changes in DA clearance.\n- Experiments were performed almost exclusively in male mice, leaving sex differences unaddressed.\n- Only systemic drug delivery was used; local LS-specific receptor contributions were not isolated.","practice_takeaway":"GIPR agonism—alone or combined with GLP-1R agonism (as in tirzepatide)—dampens cocaine-driven dopamine surges in the lateral septum, raising the possibility that dual incretin agonists could be explored as pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder. These are preclinical mouse data only; clinical translation requires further study."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","pmid":"42208956","title":"Beyond weight loss: multisystem benefits of obesity medications","journal_title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","journal_issn":"2213-8587","published_at":"2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","source_score":136,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-20T13:35:52.381Z","updated_at":"2026-07-20T13:35:52.381Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Contrave","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Qsymia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Rybelsus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Saxenda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Binge-Eating Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Kidney Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Heart Failure","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Neurodegenerative Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstructive Sleep Apnoea","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Osteoarthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Substance Use Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"amycretin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"cagrilintide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"liraglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"mazdutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"naltrexone-bupropion","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"phentermine-topiramate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"retatrutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"survodutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combination Sympathomimetic/Anticonvulsant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Dual Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"Opioid Antagonist/Antidepressant Combination","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"PCOS is noted in the abstract to have been recently renamed 'polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome' — clinicians may need to search under both terms in other databases.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"Several investigational agents (survodutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, amycretin) were not approved as of the paper's publication date (May 2026); regulatory status may have changed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex data for included trial populations are not reported in the abstract; tags default to mixed given the broad multi-condition scope.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis — the level of evidence (LOE 3) reflects synthesis quality rather than underlying trial quality, which varies widely by comorbidity.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review synthesises evidence from RCTs and high-quality meta-analyses on approved and late-stage obesity medications — including phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide), and newer multiagonists (tirzepatide, survodutide, retatrutide, cagrilintide-semaglutide, amycretin) — evaluating their effects across 13+ obesity-related comorbidities beyond weight loss itself.","key_result":"GLP-1-based and multiagonist therapies show beneficial effects across a broad range of comorbid conditions — including type 2 diabetes, MASLD, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, PCOS, osteoarthritis, depression, and binge-eating and substance use disorders — with accumulating evidence that some benefits are independent of weight loss.","limitations":"As a narrative review, it does not perform a systematic meta-analysis; head-to-head comparisons between agents are largely absent; many comorbidity-specific findings come from secondary endpoints of trials not primarily powered for those outcomes.","practice_takeaway":"When selecting an obesity medication, clinicians should consider the patient's full comorbidity profile — not just expected weight loss — as GLP-1-based therapies offer pleiotropic benefits (e.g., cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, neuropsychiatric) that may differ meaningfully across agents.\n\nWeight-loss-independent effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are now supported by enough evidence to factor into shared decision-making for patients with heart failure, CKD, OSA, or mood disorders."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","pmid":"42168641","title":"Causes and consequences of discontinuation of GLP1RAs or tirzepatide","journal_title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","journal_issn":"1759-5029","published_at":"2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","source_score":17,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-23T13:24:52.421Z","updated_at":"2026-05-23T13:24:52.421Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand tags (Mounjaro, Zepbound) are inferred from tirzepatide's known approvals; they are not explicitly named in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Hard outcome data (e.g., MACE incidence post-discontinuation) are explicitly noted as scarce; cardiovascular risk claims are largely mechanistic/inferential.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41574-026-01258-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"No specific sample size is applicable — this is a narrative review, not a primary study.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review examines why patients discontinue GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) or tirzepatide in real-world settings, and what cardiometabolic consequences follow — including weight regain, glycemic deterioration, and potential cardiovascular risk — in people with type 2 diabetes and/or overweight/obesity.","key_result":"Real-world persistence on GLP1RAs and tirzepatide is often suboptimal, with many patients stopping within the first year. Discontinuation leads to weight regain, worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors, and possible HbA1c fluctuation; the absence of anti-atherosclerotic and plaque-stabilizing effects after stopping may acutely elevate cardiovascular risk, though hard outcome data remain scarce.","limitations":"- Very few data exist on hard clinical outcomes (e.g., MACE, renal events) specifically in patients who discontinue these agents.\n- Evidence on repeated stop-start cycles and their cumulative cardiovascular/microvascular impact is largely indirect or theoretical.\n- As a narrative review, it does not provide pooled quantitative estimates or systematic risk-of-bias assessments.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should proactively address modifiable discontinuation drivers — GI side effects, cost, and patient expectations — to sustain therapy, since stopping GLP1RAs or tirzepatide is associated with rapid weight regain and cardiometabolic deterioration. Patients who must stop should be monitored closely for cardiovascular risk, given the potential loss of plaque-stabilizing benefits."}},{"doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","pmid":"42210891","title":"The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Hair Loss: Clinical Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms","journal_title":"Dermatologic Surgery","journal_issn":"1076-0512","published_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-04T13:23:42.968Z","updated_at":"2026-06-04T13:23:42.968Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alopecia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Androgenic Alopecia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Inflammatory Alopecia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Telogen Effluvium","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Scoping Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand name tags for semaglutide and tirzepatide are inferred from common clinical knowledge; the abstract does not explicitly list brand names.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design classification as 'Scoping Review' is based on the abstract's explicit description; no further methodological details were available to confirm rigor.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dss.0000000000005176","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full article text was not accessible — only the abstract and a publisher permissions page were provided. Specific study counts, patient numbers, effect sizes, and cited references could not be verified from the source.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This scoping review evaluated the prevalence and mechanisms of alopecia associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), comparing effects across agents and hair loss types, using PubMed literature published up to April 2026.","key_result":"Evidence links GLP-1RAs — especially tirzepatide and semaglutide — to telogen effluvium and androgenic alopecia, with risk potentially higher at longer durations, greater weight loss, and higher doses. A smaller body of evidence suggests GLP-1RAs may *improve* inflammatory alopecia in patients with metabolic dysfunction.","limitations":"- Scoping review design limits causal inference; no pooled quantitative data or meta-analysis.\n- Full text of the article was not available for extraction — only the abstract was substantive; specific study counts, patient numbers, and effect sizes could not be verified.\n- Conflicting evidence across included studies makes definitive conclusions difficult.","practice_takeaway":"Counsel patients starting GLP-1RAs — particularly tirzepatide or semaglutide — about the risk of telogen effluvium and androgenic alopecia, especially with rapid or significant weight loss. Proactive monitoring and early treatment referral are reasonable in at-risk patients."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","pmid":"42139049","title":"Ixekizumab With or Without Tirzepatide in Adults With Psoriasis and Overweight or Obesity","journal_title":"JAMA Dermatology","journal_issn":"2168-6068","published_at":"2026-05-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","source_score":15,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-18T13:25:20.466Z","updated_at":"2026-05-18T13:25:20.466Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"brand","value":"Taltz","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"condition","value":"Overweight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"condition","value":"Plaque Psoriasis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"generic","value":"ixekizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"modality","value":"IL-17A Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=274","value_numeric":274},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence tagged as '2' rather than '1' due to open-label (non-blinded) design despite randomization.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"warning","value":"Open-label design (not blinded) is a notable methodological limitation that the authors acknowledge; objective endpoints like PASI may be less prone to bias, but weight-related outcomes could be influenced.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.1753","tag_type":"warning","value":"The trial is ongoing (52-week endpoint not yet reported); results here reflect the week 36 primary endpoint only.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Phase 3b RCT (n=274) evaluating ixekizumab + tirzepatide vs. ixekizumab alone (both with diet and exercise) over 52 weeks in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and overweight/obesity (mean BMI 39.2) at 72 US sites; primary endpoint assessed at week 36.","key_result":"At week 36, 27.1% on combination therapy vs. 5.8% on ixekizumab alone simultaneously achieved PASI 100 and ≥10% weight loss (RD 21.2%; 95% CI 12.8%–29.7%; P<.001). PASI 100 alone: 40.6% vs. 29.0% (P=.04). ≥10% weight reduction: 69.2% vs. 9.1% (RD 60.0%). GI adverse events were more common in the combination arm.","limitations":"Open-label design may introduce assessment bias. The trial was conducted exclusively at US sites, limiting generalizability. Week 52 data were not yet available at the time of analysis.","practice_takeaway":"For patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and obesity, adding tirzepatide to ixekizumab produces substantially greater skin clearance and weight loss than ixekizumab alone, with no new safety signals. Clinicians should counsel patients on higher rates of GI side effects with the combination."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","pmid":"42119587","title":"Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","journal_title":"The Lancet","journal_issn":"0140-6736","published_at":"2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","source_score":155,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-17T13:21:37.282Z","updated_at":"2026-05-17T13:21:37.282Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=378","value_numeric":378},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"91% study completion rate is high, but the unequal randomization ratio (3:3:2) means the placebo arm is underpowered relative to active arms.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"The brand tag defaults to 'Zepbound' (FDA-approved obesity indication brand); the paper does not specify the brand name used. Mounjaro is the diabetes-indicated brand — confirm indication context if needed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00656-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"The primary estimand (modified treatment-regimen estimand) treated post-rescue data as non-beneficial from assigned treatment; efficacy estimand results are supportive but not the primary analysis, which may affect how weight-loss differences are interpreted.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This phase 3b RCT (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN) evaluated whether continuing tirzepatide at maximum tolerated dose (MTD: 10 or 15 mg weekly), reducing to 5 mg, or switching to placebo maintained weight loss in 378 adults with obesity after a 60-week open-label weight-loss period, over a subsequent 52-week double-blind maintenance period (112 weeks total).","key_result":"At week 112, bodyweight change from baseline was **-21.9%** with tirzepatide MTD, **-16.6%** with tirzepatide 5 mg, and **-9.9%** with placebo (both active arms vs. placebo p<0.0001). Weight regain ≥50% requiring rescue therapy occurred in **8%** (MTD), **25%** (5 mg), and **67%** (placebo) of participants.","limitations":"- Single-country (USA) study across only 20 sites limits generalizability.\n- Relatively small sample size (n=378 randomized), particularly the placebo arm (n=94).\n- Rescue tirzepatide was available from week 84, which complicates interpretation of later-timepoint outcomes in the placebo and 5 mg arms.","practice_takeaway":"Stopping tirzepatide after weight loss leads to substantial weight regain in most patients — clinicians should plan for long-term maintenance therapy. For patients who cannot continue at the full dose, 5 mg weekly tirzepatide offers a meaningful middle ground over discontinuation."}},{"doi":"10.1002/art.70170","pmid":"41940492","title":"Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist Therapy Is Associated With Improvement in Psoriatic Arthritis–Related and Metabolic Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Cohorts","journal_title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","journal_issn":"2326-5191","published_at":"2026-04-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13154331/","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-11","doi":"10.1002/art.70170","days":"7","issn":"2326-5191","rank":"8","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"12","category":"Rheumatology","categories":["Rheumatology"],"_categories":["Rheumatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70170","title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy Is Associated With Improvement in Psoriatic Arthritis-Related and Metabolic Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Cohorts.","journal":"Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)","methods":"","results":"Forty-eight patients with a median body mass index of 34.9 were included. Significant weight loss was observed posttreatment (-6.43 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.5 to -2.0; P < 0.0001), with 60% losing ≥5% of their baseline bodyweight. C-reactive protein levels (-1.1 mg/L; P = 0.002), pain scores (-1.0; P = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (-0.35 mmol/L; P = 0.02) decreased significantly. Each 1% reduction in body weight was associated with significant improvements in the Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis score (β = -0.49, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.03), tender joint count (β = -0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.05), EuroQol 5-domain (β = 0.0016, 95% CI 0.008-0.023), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.003), and systolic blood pressure (β = -0.67, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.15).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41940492","conclusions":"In this real-world study, GLP-1RA therapy in PsA was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss and improvements in systemic inflammation, pain, and cardiometabolic markers. Improvements in psoriatic outcomes were proportional to the degree of weight loss. These findings warrant further investigation in prospective controlled studies to evaluate the role of GLP-1RAs in PsA management and comorbidities.","publication_date":"2026-04-06T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1002/art.70170","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70170","ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"link":[{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.70170","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/art.70170","content-type":"application/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.70170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist Therapy Is Associated With Improvement in Psoriatic Arthritis–Related and Metabolic Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Cohorts"],"author":[{"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Haberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine New York New York"}]},{"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine New York New York"}]},{"given":"Kyra","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine New York New York"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine New York New York"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Thib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology University of Toronto and Women's College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}]},{"given":"Jose U.","family":"Scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine New York New York"},{"name":"NYU Colton Center for Autoimmunity, NYU Langone Health New York New York"}]},{"given":"Lihi","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology University of Toronto and Women's College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100003185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100003185","name":"National Psoriasis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["1K23AR082955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23AR082955"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["1UC2AR081029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UC2AR081029"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["3UC2AR081039‐02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3UC2AR081039‐02S1"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["R01AR084274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR084274"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["T32‐AR‐069515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32‐AR‐069515"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1002","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:51:55Z","timestamp":1775472715000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:56:40Z","timestamp":1777355800794,"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"},{"URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.70170"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2026-01-09"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2026-03-24"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2026-04-27"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:21:51Z","timestamp":1777353711000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2326-5191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2326-5205"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1007/s40744-019-00172-9","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41584-025-01326-6","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204448","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa2403664","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1080/09546634.2020.1826392","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04609.x","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00125-011-2232-3","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.12886","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00018-010-0396-5","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0195123","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/acr.21711","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","year":"2025","issue":"9","author":"Eder L","volume":"77","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dietary interventions in psoriatic arthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial [abstract]","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.medcli.2023.05.021","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.reumae.2025.501809","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["10.1002/art.70170"],"article-number":"art.70170","content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"reference-count":15,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":15,"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70170","is_oa":true,"title":"Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist Therapy Is Associated With Improvement in Psoriatic Arthritis–Related and Metabolic Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Cohorts","updated":"2026-05-12T08:54:10+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-06","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13154331/","pmh_id":"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13154331","url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13154331/"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-12T13:18:10.833Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mounjaro","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"brand","value":"Ozempic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"brand","value":"Wegovy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psoriatic Arthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"generic","value":"semaglutide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"generic","value":"tirzepatide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"modality","value":"GLP-1 Receptor Agonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=48","value_numeric":48},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand tags (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound) are inferred from the generic drugs used; the paper does not specify which branded formulations were prescribed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"warning","value":"No randomized control arm; improvements could reflect regression to the mean, concurrent DMARD optimization, or natural disease fluctuation rather than GLP-1RA effects.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"warning","value":"Some outcome measures (e.g., DAPSA, EQ-5D, HAQ-DI) had notably small sub-sample sizes (n=18–26), which may reduce reliability of those specific regression estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70170","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study population had low baseline skin psoriasis burden (median BSA 0%), so dermatologic efficacy cannot be assessed from these data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective analysis of 48 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA; median BMI 34.9) who initiated GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide or tirzepatide), comparing PsA disease activity, cardiometabolic markers, and patient-reported outcomes at visits within one year before vs. after GLP-1RA initiation (median follow-up ~208 days).","key_result":"GLP-1RA therapy produced median weight loss of 6.43 kg (P < 0.0001); 60% lost ≥5% of baseline weight. CRP fell by 1.1 mg/L (P = 0.002), pain scores by 1.0 point (P = 0.01), and triglycerides by 0.35 mmol/L (P = 0.02). Each 1% weight loss was independently linked to lower DAPSA score (β = −0.49), tender joint count (β = −0.18), LDL cholesterol (β = −0.05 mmol/L), and systolic BP (β = −0.67 mmHg).","limitations":"- Small sample (n = 48) from only two centers with heterogeneous baseline disease activity, limiting generalizability.\n- No control group; observational design cannot separate GLP-1RA-specific effects from weight-loss effects or concurrent DMARD changes.\n- Short follow-up (~7 months) and minimal baseline skin psoriasis burden precluded assessment of dermatologic outcomes or long-term durability.","practice_takeaway":"In obese PsA patients, adding a GLP-1RA may improve joint activity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk in proportion to weight lost — consider it as an adjunct, especially when obesity or diabetes is already an indication. Prospective controlled trials are needed before routine use specifically for PsA disease control."}}],"initialOffset":18,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"brand","value":"Zepbound"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Brands","href":"/hub/tag/brand"},{"name":"Zepbound"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"brand","hub_tag_value":"Zepbound"}}}]]

Papers