2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T83d,Looking older for one's chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body. To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5-87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2). We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one's age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10). PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.31:Tb34,Abstract Background Looking older for one’s chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body. Objectives To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5–87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2). Results We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one’s age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = −0.76, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.10). Conclusions PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Age-Related Hearing Loss: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Age-Related Hearing Loss (condition). 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No statistically significant link was found between audiometric hearing loss or hearing aid use and neurostructural change or cognitive decline.","limitations":"- Single cohort from one country (Australia/ASPREE trial) limits generalizability.\n- Cognitive outcomes relied on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, which may lack sensitivity to subtle early decline.\n- 3-year follow-up may be too short to detect hearing-aid-related neuroprotective effects.","practice_takeaway":"Speech-in-noise testing may flag neural vulnerability in older adults before cognitive decline becomes measurable — consider it as a routine screening tool alongside standard audiometry. Peripheral hearing thresholds alone appear insufficient to predict accelerated brain aging in this population."}},{"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","pmid":"36763776","title":"Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly","journal_title":"British Journal of Dermatology","journal_issn":"0007-0963","published_at":"2023-02-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljac100","source_score":205,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2023-02-03","doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","days":"30","issn":"0007-0963","rank":"1","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"205","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","title":"Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly.","journal":"The British journal of 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elderly"],"author":[{"given":"Selma","family":"Mekić","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Luba M","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Research and Development, Colworth Science Park , Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ , UK"}]},{"given":"Leonie C","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Merel A","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"M Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Eline J","family":"Vinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Meike W","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Annet E G","family":"Haarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Eric F","family":"Thee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Joelle E","family":"Vergroesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Caroline C W","family":"Klaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Pauline H","family":"Croll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Goedegebure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Trajanoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Joyce B J","family":"van Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Arshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Emmely W","family":"de Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Dermatology"],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference-count":28,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"references-count":28,"short-container-title":[],"is-referenced-by-count":10},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","is_oa":true,"title":"Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly","updated":"2025-08-04T14:10:34+00:00","published_date":"2023-01-10","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjd/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bjd/ljac100/48585062/ljac100.pdf","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":"https://academic.oup.com/bjd/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bjd/ljac100/48585062/ljac100.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljac100"}}},"created_at":"2025-09-22T14:20:55.574Z","updated_at":"2025-09-22T14:20:55.574Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"condition","value":"Age-Related Hearing Loss","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cataract","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cognitive Impairment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"condition","value":"Osteoporosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2679","value_numeric":2679},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"warning","value":"Cross‑sectional associations only; incident disease risk and causality are not addressed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"warning","value":"Definition of ΔPA appears inconsistent in the text (defined as perceived minus chronological age, yet a higher positive value is described as looking younger).","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljac100","tag_type":"warning","value":"Model details are partial (model 2 is specified for hearing loss and cognition but not for all outcomes).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Cross-sectional analysis of 2,679 adults (51.5–87.8 years) of European descent from the Rotterdam Study tested whether the difference between perceived and chronological age (ΔPA) relates to age‑related morbidities across organ systems. Perceived age was scored from facial photographs by blinded raters in 5‑year categories and associations were modeled with adjustments for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and sun exposure.","key_result":"Each 5‑year higher ΔPA (looking ~5 years younger) was associated with lower odds of osteoporosis (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62–0.93), COPD (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.95), and cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), less age‑related hearing loss (model 2; B = −0.76, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.17), and better global cognitive function (model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.10).","limitations":"Cross‑sectional design limits causal inference; all participants were of European descent, which may limit generalizability. Perceived age was panel‑scored in 5‑year bins, which may introduce measurement imprecision.","practice_takeaway":"In middle‑aged to older adults, looking younger for one’s age correlates with fewer age‑related conditions and better cognition; facial ageing may be a visible cue of systemic ageing burden. Use it, if at all, only as a prompt for appropriate evaluation, not as a basis for treatment decisions."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Age-Related Hearing Loss"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Age-Related Hearing Loss"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Age-Related Hearing Loss"}}}]]

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