2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T55e,To study and assess the association of various eye disorders with the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD/ADD). A nationwide, retrospective cohort-study, utilising anonymised electronic medical records (EMR) data on all insured individuals aged 5-30 in Maccabi Health Services (MHS), the second largest health maintenance organisation in Israel, during 2010-2022. The final analysis included 665,121 individuals from an initial cohort of 1,686,128 after applying selection criteria and propensity score matching. Of these, 68,976 (10.4%) developed ADHD/ADD. ADHD/ADD was more common and developed faster in those with eye disorders (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.38-1.42 and 4.5 versus 4.9 years, p < 0.001, respectively). All evaluated eye disorders served as significant risk factors (strabismus: HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.49-1.80; hyperopia: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.47-1.56; astigmatism: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.48-1.56; amblyopia: HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27-1.54; myopia: HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.28-1.33). Similar findings were evident when assessing combinations of eye disorders. These associations were far more pronounced in females and the paediatric population (p < 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). Eye disorders serve as risk factors for the development of ADHD/ADD, particularly in females and in the paediatric population.31:T8f6,Abstract Objectives To study and assess the association of various eye disorders with the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD/ADD). Methods A nationwide, retrospective cohort-study, utilising anonymised electronic medical records (EMR) data on all insured individuals aged 5–30 in Maccabi Health Services (MHS), the second largest health maintenance organisation in Israel, during 2010–2022. Results The final analysis included 665,121 individuals from an initial cohort of 1,686,128 after applying selection criteria and propensity score matching. Of these, 68,976 (10.4%) developed ADHD/ADD. ADHD/ADD was more common and developed faster in those with eye disorders (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.38–1.42 and 4.5 versus 4.9 years, p < 0.001, respectively). All evaluated eye disorders served as significant risk factors (strabismus: HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.49–1.80; hyperopia: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.47–1.56; astigmatism: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.48–1.56; amblyopia: HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.54; myopia: HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.28–1.33). Similar findings were evident when assessing combinations of eye disorders. These associations were far more pronounced in females and the paediatric population ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions Eye disorders serve as risk factors for the development of ADHD/ADD, particularly in females and in the paediatric population. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Astigmatism: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Astigmatism (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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The PlusOptix PPV was 42% (95% CI, 33%–51%) for amblyogenic risk factors and 82% (95% CI, 75%–89%) for identifying children needing follow-up care.","limitations":"- Only children who failed screening received a full cycloplegic exam, so true prevalence in the whole screened population cannot be determined.\n- Retrospective design limits causal inference and may have incomplete data capture.\n- Single-program, single-territory sample limits generalizability to other Pacific Islander or resource-limited settings.","practice_takeaway":"The PlusOptix photoscreener is a reasonable tool for school-based vision screening in under-resourced Pacific Island settings, with an 82% PPV for identifying children needing care. Clinicians should anticipate a high burden of astigmatism and spectacle need in this population, while strabismus rates appear lower than in other screening programs."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-025-04227-w","pmid":"41514075","title":"Association between eye disorders and the development of ADHD/ADD: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","journal_title":"Eye","journal_issn":"0950-222X","published_at":"2026-01-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04227-w","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-13","doi":"10.1038/s41433-025-04227-w","days":"7","issn":"0950-222X","rank":"6","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"10","category":"Ophthalmology","categories":["Ophthalmology"],"_categories":["Ophthalmology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-025-04227-w","title":"Association between eye disorders and the development of ADHD/ADD: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.","journal":"Eye (London, England)","methods":"","results":"The final analysis included 665,121 individuals from an initial cohort of 1,686,128 after applying selection criteria and propensity score matching. Of these, 68,976 (10.4%) developed ADHD/ADD. ADHD/ADD was more common and developed faster in those with eye disorders (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.38-1.42 and 4.5 versus 4.9 years, p < 0.001, respectively). All evaluated eye disorders served as significant risk factors (strabismus: HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.49-1.80; hyperopia: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.47-1.56; astigmatism: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.48-1.56; amblyopia: HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27-1.54; myopia: HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.28-1.33). Similar findings were evident when assessing combinations of eye disorders. 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Disorder-specific HRs: strabismus 1.64 (1.49–1.80), hyperopia 1.52 (1.47–1.56), astigmatism 1.52 (1.48–1.56), amblyopia 1.40 (1.27–1.54), myopia 1.30 (1.28–1.33); effects were more pronounced in females (p<0.001) and the pediatric population (p=0.044).","limitations":"Retrospective EMR-based design with potential residual confounding and limited ability to prove temporality despite a one-year washout and matching. Reliance on diagnostic coding and clinician documentation. Education level and some access-to-care variables were unavailable.","practice_takeaway":"Eye disorders were associated with higher and earlier risk of ADHD/ADD, with stronger signals in females and children; clinicians may consider targeted ADHD screening or referral for patients with refractive errors, strabismus, or amblyopia."}}],"initialOffset":3,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Astigmatism"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Astigmatism"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Astigmatism"}}}]]

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