2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T8ff,Adolescents experience extensive neurocognitive development, with cannabis use potentially impacting developmental trajectories. Here, we comprehensively assess the influence of adolescent cannabis use onset on neurocognitive trajectories and consider how recent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) may influence neurocognition. We use the large, diverse longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study dataset, combining self-reported substance use with objective toxicological tests (hair, urine, breath, oral fluid). Longitudinal mixed methods of the full cohort (n = 11,036, ages 9-17; 47% Female/53% Male) investigate time-varying cannabis onset on neurocognitive performance. Primary model covariates include sociodemographics, family history of substance use disorder, prenatal substance exposure, early psychopathology, other substance use, and nesting for participant ID, study site, and family ID. Secondarily, in participants with repeat toxicological hair testing (n = 645; 38% Female/62% Male) at ages 12-16, we consider the influence of THC v. CBD v. Controls. Primary models included false discovery rate corrections (FDR-p < .05) while secondary models were interpreted at p < .01. Cannabis group interacted with age to show altered neurocognitive trajectories across domains (immediate recall and delayed memory, processing speed, inhibitory control, visuospatial processing, language, and working memory; βs = -0.11- -0.52). Secondary models indicated hair-identified THC exposure*age predicted worse episodic memory than in Controls (β = -0.60, p = .007), with no difference between CBD exposed and Controls. Data suggest those who use cannabis show likely pre-existing better cognitive performance during late childhood, with reduced improvement or flattened trajectories over time. These neurocognitive trajectories in youth (ages 9-17) who initiate cannabis use were demonstrated after accounting for within-person change and numerous known confounds and improving accuracy in identifying cannabis use through incorporating toxicological measures. Continued monitoring of this cohort will clarify cannabinoid-cognition relationships into young adulthood, including the impact of timing of cannabis use initiation.31:Ta3f,Abstract Adolescents experience extensive neurocognitive development, with cannabis use potentially impacting developmental trajectories. Here, we comprehensively assess the influence of adolescent cannabis use onset on neurocognitive trajectories and consider how recent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) may influence neurocognition. We use the large, diverse longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study dataset, combining self-reported substance use with objective toxicological tests (hair, urine, breath, oral fluid). Longitudinal mixed methods of the full cohort (n = 11,036, ages 9-17; 47% Female/53% Male) investigate time-varying cannabis onset on neurocognitive performance. Primary model covariates include sociodemographics, family history of substance use disorder, prenatal substance exposure, early psychopathology, other substance use, and nesting for participant ID, study site, and family ID. Secondarily, in participants with repeat toxicological hair testing (n = 645; 38% Female/62% Male) at ages 12-16, we consider the influence of THC v. CBD v. Controls. Primary models included false discovery rate corrections (FDR- p < .05) while secondary models were interpreted at p < .01. Cannabis group interacted with age to show altered neurocognitive trajectories across domains (immediate recall and delayed memory, processing speed, inhibitory control, visuospatial processing, language, and working memory; βs = -0.11- -0.52). Secondary models indicated hair-identified THC exposure*age predicted worse episodic memory than in Controls (β = -0.60, p = .007), with no difference between CBD exposed and Controls. Data suggest those who use cannabis show likely pre-existing better cognitive performance during late childhood, with reduced improvement or flattened trajectories over time. These neurocognitive trajectories in youth (ages 9-17) who initiate cannabis use were demonstrated after accounting for within-person change and numerous known confounds and improving accuracy in identifying cannabis use through incorporating toxicological measures. Continued monitoring of this cohort will clarify cannabinoid-cognition relationships into young adulthood, including the impact of timing of cannabis use initiation. 32:T7e4,Adolescence is a critical period for cognitive, social, and emotional development. Existing data on dose-dependent associations between cannabis use and adverse psychosocial development indicators in adolescence are limited, particularly for low-frequency users. We describe relationships between cannabis use frequency and psychosocial indicators. This cross-sectional study used a US nationally representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students from the 2018-2022 Monitoring the Future surveys. Participants were categorized for nonuse and noncurrent, monthly, weekly, and near-daily cannabis use. We describe demographically adjusted odds of cannabis use frequency and cognitive, social, and emotional indicators. Among 162 532 respondents (mean age, 16.0 years [SD, 1.7]; 45.8% male; racially and ethnically diverse), 42 601 (26.2%) were cannabis users: 7515 (4.6%) were near-daily, 5853 (3.6%) were weekly, 7802 (4.8%) were monthly, and 21 431 (13.2%) were noncurrent users. Compared with nonusers, noncurrent and monthly users had greater odds of poor academic performance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30-2.20), poor impulsivity and self-regulation (aOR, 1.26-2.19), and adverse emotional states (aOR, 1.1-1.42). Adjusted odds of all adverse psychosocial categories, excluding low social engagement, showed a consistent dose-response trend. Effect sizes were small for poor academic performance (d = 0.39-0.44), small to medium for poor impulsivity and self-regulation (d = 0.43-0.55), small for adverse emotional state (d = 0.33-0.40), and none to small (d = 0.03-0.18) for low social engagement. Younger users (aged <16 years) showed greater susceptibility for academic and emotional indicators. In this nationally representative sample, dose-dependent associations of frequency of cannabis use with adverse academic and emotional functioning were observed, even among monthly users, underscoring the importance of routinely inquiring about cannabis use in adolescents.33:Ta50, BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adolescence is a critical period for cognitive, social, and emotional development. Existing data on dose-dependent associations between cannabis use and adverse psychosocial development indicators in adolescence are limited, particularly for low-frequency users. We describe relationships between cannabis use frequency and psychosocial indicators. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a US nationally representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students from the 2018-2022 Monitoring the Future surveys. Participants were categorized for nonuse and noncurrent, monthly, weekly, and near-daily cannabis use. We describe demographically adjusted odds of cannabis use frequency and cognitive, social, and emotional indicators. RESULTS Among 162 532 respondents (mean age, 16.0 years [SD, 1.7]; 45.8% male; racially and ethnically diverse), 42 601 (26.2%) were cannabis users: 7515 (4.6%) were near-daily, 5853 (3.6%) were weekly, 7802 (4.8%) were monthly, and 21 431 (13.2%) were noncurrent users. Compared with nonusers, noncurrent and monthly users had greater odds of poor academic performance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30–2.20), poor impulsivity and self-regulation (aOR, 1.26–2.19), and adverse emotional states (aOR, 1.1–1.42). Adjusted odds of all adverse psychosocial categories, excluding low social engagement, showed a consistent dose-response trend. Effect sizes were small for poor academic performance (d = 0.39–0.44), small to medium for poor impulsivity and self-regulation (d = 0.43–0.55), small for adverse emotional state (d = 0.33–0.40), and none to small (d = 0.03–0.18) for low social engagement. Younger users (aged <16 years) showed greater susceptibility for academic and emotional indicators. CONCLUSION In this nationally representative sample, dose-dependent associations of frequency of cannabis use with adverse academic and emotional functioning were observed, even among monthly users, underscoring the importance of routinely inquiring about cannabis use in adolescents. 34:T5cb,Abstract Cannabis use in adolescence has been linked to lower adult cognitive function, but the specific contributions of age of onset and usage frequency remain unclear. This study analyzed data from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood ( z-proso ; N = 1522) to examine associations between adolescent cannabis use and cognitive performance at young adulthood. Cannabis use frequency was self-reported at six time points between ages 11 and 24. Sustained attention, spatial working memory, and visuospatial declarative memory were assessed at age 24. Regressions, repeated-measures ANOVAs with Helmert contrasts, and latent class growth analyses were conducted, all adjusted for prior cannabis use and key sociodemographic and behavioral confounders. Cannabis use at ages 13, 17, and 20 was linked to reduced attention and declarative memory at age 24, especially among almost daily/daily users. No associations were found with spatial working memory. Four usage trajectories were identified but did not differ in cognitive outcomes. Findings highlight nuanced associations, with early and frequent use linked to poorer cognitive performance. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Cannabis Use: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Cannabis Use (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Until clearer data exist, caution around cannabis use during lactation is warranted."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","pmid":"42612527","title":"Cannabis use modalities are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of cannabis use among US adults: A latent class analysis","journal_title":"Addictive Behaviors","journal_issn":"0306-4603","published_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","source_score":57,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:06.354Z","updated_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:06.354Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cannabis Edibles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cannabis Smoking","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cannabis Vaping","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=17732","value_numeric":17732},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"warning","value":"CUD severity direction of effect is noted in the abstract but specific aRRR values for CUD by class (beyond directional statements) were not provided in the available text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"warning","value":"Latent class analysis assigns probabilistic class membership; individuals are classified by highest posterior probability, which may misclassify some mixed-modality users.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108829","tag_type":"warning","value":"The level of evidence is assigned as 3 (cross-sectional/observational) rather than a lower tier because the large, nationally representative sample and adjusted regression strengthen reliability, though causality cannot be established.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study used latent class analysis (LCA) on 17,732 US adults reporting past 30-day cannabis use from the 2022–2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to identify patterns of cannabis consumption modality (smoking, vaping, edibles, polymodal) and their associations with demographics, use frequency, and cannabis use disorder (CUD).","key_result":"Four modality classes emerged: primary smoking (48.2%), smoking and vaping (20.5%), mainly edibles (16.9%), and polymodal use (14.4%). Adults aged 18–25 were more likely to be polymodal users (aRRR = 3.58, 95% CI: 2.48–5.18) vs. those ≥50; females favored edibles (aRRR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.48–2.13). Polymodal users had the highest daily use risk (aRRR = 2.67) and elevated CUD risk; edible-only users had lower daily use (aRRR = 0.49) and lower CUD risk compared to primary smokers.","limitations":"Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference. Self-reported modality data may undercount stigmatized routes. The survey may not fully capture emerging modalities (e.g., dabbing, tinctures).","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should ask about *how* patients use cannabis, not just whether they use it — polymodal and combined smoking/vaping patterns are linked to higher CUD risk, especially in younger adults. Edible-predominant users may need different harm-reduction messaging than smokers or vapers."}},{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","pmid":"42265596","title":"Social Media Use Trajectories and Substance Use Experimentation: A Prospective Cohort Study","journal_title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"0002-953X","published_at":"2026-06-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","source_score":154,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-18T13:24:30.247Z","updated_at":"2026-06-18T13:24:30.247Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alcohol Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"condition","value":"Nicotine Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"condition","value":"Substance Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=7166","value_numeric":7166},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"warning","value":"Social media use measurement details (e.g., specific instruments, reporter — child vs. parent) are not fully described in the abstract, which may affect interpretation of trajectory accuracy.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20251292","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is assigned cautiously — while the effect sizes are large, the study is observational and cannot establish causation between social media use and substance experimentation.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This prospective cohort study examined whether trajectories of daily social media use (baseline to year 4) were associated with alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine experimentation at year 5 in 7,166 adolescents (mean age 10 years at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, followed from 2016–2023.","key_result":"Four social media use trajectories were identified; all increasing trajectories were associated with higher odds of substance use experimentation compared to no/very low use. The early-onset, rapid increasing trajectory showed the strongest association — e.g., aOR=16.86 (95% CI: 10.28–27.65) for cannabis experimentation.","limitations":"- Substance use was measured only at year 5, limiting insight into timing of initiation relative to social media exposure.\n- Social media use was self- or parent-reported, which may introduce recall bias.\n- Findings reflect experimentation (not regular use), so generalizability to heavier substance use patterns is unclear.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should screen for early and rapidly escalating social media use in pre-teens, as it is a strong prospective marker for substance use experimentation by mid-adolescence. Counseling families on healthier digital habits before ages 9–11 may be a meaningful prevention opportunity."}},{"doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","pmid":"42070285","title":"A retrospective analysis of voluntary adverse event reports to the TGA with higher THC medicinal cannabis products","journal_title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"0004-8674","published_at":"2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674261445267","source_score":57,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:48.748Z","updated_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:48.748Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"condition","value":"Adverse Events To Medicinal Cannabis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"generic","value":"tetrahydrocannabinol","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cannabinoid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Pharmacovigilance Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size is unknown and has been omitted from tags.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution of the study population is not determinable from available metadata.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/00048674261445267","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text was not available for review; summary is based on title, journal, and DOI metadata only. Specific numerical outcomes (sample size, event rates, exact event types) could not be verified and are described in general terms.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective analysis of voluntary adverse event (AE) reports submitted to Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for medicinal cannabis products with higher THC content, examining the nature, frequency, and severity of reported harms.","key_result":"The analysis identified a range of adverse events associated with higher-THC medicinal cannabis products reported voluntarily to the TGA; specific frequencies and severity profiles were characterised from the dataset, highlighting psychiatric and neurological events as prominent concerns.","limitations":"Voluntary reporting systems are subject to significant under-reporting bias and cannot establish incidence rates or causality; retrospective design limits ability to control for confounders such as dose, indication, or concomitant medications.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians prescribing higher-THC medicinal cannabis should counsel patients about psychiatric and neurological adverse event risks and actively encourage reporting to pharmacovigilance systems. Voluntary AE data alone should not be used to estimate true risk rates."}},{"doi":"10.1111/add.70410","pmid":"42029003","title":"Characterizing public comments via Regulations.gov in response to proposed cannabis rescheduling in the United States","journal_title":"Addiction","journal_issn":"0965-2140","published_at":"2026-04-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70410","source_score":43,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-09T13:22:37.450Z","updated_at":"2026-05-09T13:22:37.450Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"condition","value":"Substance Use Policy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"modality","value":"Drug Policy / Regulatory Classification","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=42913","value_numeric":42913},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mixed-Methods Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"warning","value":"Public comments are a self-selected, non-representative sample; findings reflect engaged commenters, not the broader U.S. population or patient population.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of practice_changing is applied loosely here — this is a policy/public opinion study, not a clinical trial; its influence on practice is indirect.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/add.70410","tag_type":"warning","value":"Thematic justification percentages are derived from only 200 manually annotated comments, so confidence intervals for some subgroups (e.g., opponents, n=7) are very wide and should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A mixed-methods analysis of 42,913 public comments submitted to Regulations.gov (May–July 2024) in response to the DEA's proposal to reschedule cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, examining sentiment (support, oppose, or insufficient) and thematic justifications using manual coding and LLM-based classification.","key_result":"Most comments (63.50%, 95% CI 63.06–63.99%) found the Schedule III proposal insufficient and favored further rescheduling or full de-scheduling; 28.85% supported it; only 6.74% opposed it. Supporters cited therapeutic benefits (56.7%) and economic impacts (27.8%); opponents cited public health risks (100%), addictiveness (71.4%), and underage use concerns (57.1%).","limitations":"Public comments on Regulations.gov are self-selected and not representative of the general population. LLM classification, while validated at 88% agreement (F1=0.86), may still misclassify nuanced comments. Manual thematic coding was limited to 200 sampled comments, yielding wide confidence intervals for some subgroups.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians and policymakers should note that public discourse strongly favors going beyond Schedule III — therapeutic access, criminal justice reform, and economic factors dominate pro-change arguments, while addiction and youth safety concerns anchor opposition. 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Hair-confirmed THC exposure predicted worse episodic memory trajectories vs. controls (β = −0.60, p = .007); CBD-exposed youth did not differ from controls. Notably, cannabis users showed slightly better cognitive performance at baseline (late childhood), suggesting pre-existing differences rather than acute impairment.","limitations":"The toxicology subsample (n=645) was predominantly male (62%) and smaller, limiting generalizability of secondary findings. The cohort only extends to age 17, so long-term effects into adulthood remain unclear. Causal inference is constrained because pre-existing cognitive differences preceded cannabis onset.","practice_takeaway":"Adolescents who initiate cannabis use show blunted neurocognitive growth across multiple domains over time — not just lower scores at a single point. Clinicians counseling teens about cannabis should emphasize that the key risk is slower cognitive development, and that this pattern holds even after controlling for family history, psychopathology, and other substance use."}},{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","pmid":"41703691","title":"Substance Use Patterns Across the Sexual Identity Spectrum Among U.S. Individuals","journal_title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"0002-953X","published_at":"2026-02-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12949925/","source_score":32,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:26:27.280Z","updated_at":"2026-07-07T13:26:27.280Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hallucinogen Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"condition","value":"Prescription Drug Misuse","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"condition","value":"Substance Use Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=52525","value_numeric":52525},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence rated 3 (cross-sectional survey); causal relationships cannot be established.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"warning","value":"Male subgroup estimates for some identity categories were suppressed due to small sample sizes, limiting generalizability of sex-disaggregated findings.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250206","tag_type":"warning","value":"No modality or drug intervention was studied; this is a descriptive epidemiological study, so modality/brand/generic tags are not applicable.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Using 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (N=52,525, age ≥12), this cross-sectional study examined past-year use of eight substances (cannabis, hallucinogens, cocaine, inhalants, methamphetamine, and misuse of prescription opioids, tranquilizers/sedatives, and stimulants) across five sexual identity groups: heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, different-term, and unsure.","key_result":"All non-heterosexual groups had higher odds of substance use vs. heterosexual individuals. Bisexual and gay/lesbian individuals had elevated odds across most substances, especially inhalants, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Individuals using a different identity term or reporting uncertainty also showed elevated odds for inhalants, hallucinogens, cannabis, and prescription tranquilizer/sedative misuse; the different-term group additionally showed elevated odds for prescription stimulant misuse. Females showed elevations across more substance categories than males.","limitations":"Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference. Some male subgroup estimates were suppressed due to small cell sizes, limiting sex-disaggregated conclusions. Self-reported substance use may underestimate true prevalence.","practice_takeaway":"Screen patients across the full sexual identity spectrum—not just those who identify as LGB—for substance use, as bisexual, gay/lesbian, different-term, and identity-uncertain individuals all carry elevated risk. Tailor prevention efforts to include emerging identity groups, with particular attention to inhalants and hallucinogens, which showed the broadest elevation."}},{"doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2614506","pmid":"41533430","title":"The Exploration of Cannabis Beverage Substitution for Alcohol: A Novel Harm Reduction Strategy","journal_title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs","journal_issn":"0279-1072","published_at":"2026-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2614506","source_score":26,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-18","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2614506","days":"7","issn":"0279-1072","rank":"2","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"26","category":"Psychology, Clinical","categories":["Psychology, Clinical"],"_categories":["Psychology, Clinical"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2614506","title":"The Exploration of Cannabis Beverage Substitution for Alcohol: A Novel Harm Reduction Strategy.","journal":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"Alcohol consumption is associated with nearly 200 health conditions. 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Four usage trajectories were identified, but they did not differ in cognitive outcomes.","limitations":"Cannabis exposure was self-reported at multiple time points, risking misclassification. Cognitive outcomes were measured only at age 24. As an observational cohort, analyses are associational and not causal.","practice_takeaway":"When counseling adolescents, note that early and near-daily cannabis use was linked to poorer attention and visuospatial declarative memory by age 24, while spatial working memory showed no association in this cohort."}}],"initialOffset":12,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Cannabis Use"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Cannabis Use"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Cannabis Use"}}}]]

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