2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T663,It is unknown if ocular migraine patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to determine if cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events were elevated among those with ocular migraine compared to controls. This cohort study utilised a platform of aggregate, de-identified electronic health record data to identify patients with a diagnostic code for ocular migraine based on ICD codes (n = 21,949). Ocular migraine patients were compared to ophthalmology (n = 1,492,348), migraine with aura (MA) (n = 129,099) and migraine without aura (MO) controls. Cohorts were propensity score matched on current age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, essential hypertension, lipoprotein disorders, atherosclerosis and body mass index. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A risk ratio between 0.9 and 1.1 was considered not significant. Compared with ophthalmology controls ≥ 50 years old, patients with a diagnostic code ocular migraine had an increased risk of all outcomes, with a risk ratio of 1.48 (95% CI 1.33, 1.64), transient ischemic stroke 2.68 (2.20, 3.27) and cerebral infarct 1.81 (1.55, 2.10). These findings continued to be significant among the ≥ 65 years old cases and controls. Compared to patients with MA or MO, patients had a comparable risk of all outcomes (p > 0.05). Patients with a diagnostic code for ocular migraine ≥ 50 years old had a 48% increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes, compared to ophthalmology controls. Future retrospective and prospective cohort analyses are needed to further verify these findings.31:Ta5e,Abstract Background It is unknown if ocular migraine patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to determine if cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events were elevated among those with ocular migraine compared to controls. Methods This cohort study utilised a platform of aggregate, de-identified electronic health record data to identify patients with a diagnostic code for ocular migraine based on ICD codes ( n = 21,949). Ocular migraine patients were compared to ophthalmology ( n = 1,492,348), migraine with aura (MA) ( n = 129,099) and migraine without aura (MO) controls. Cohorts were propensity score matched on current age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, essential hypertension, lipoprotein disorders, atherosclerosis and body mass index. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A risk ratio between 0.9 and 1.1 was considered not significant. Results Compared with ophthalmology controls ≥ 50 years old, patients with a diagnostic code ocular migraine had an increased risk of all outcomes, with a risk ratio of 1.48 (95% CI 1.33, 1.64), transient ischemic stroke 2.68 (2.20, 3.27) and cerebral infarct 1.81 (1.55, 2.10). These findings continued to be significant among the ≥ 65 years old cases and controls. Compared to patients with MA or MO, patients had a comparable risk of all outcomes ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with a diagnostic code for ocular migraine ≥ 50 years old had a 48% increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes, compared to ophthalmology controls. Future retrospective and prospective cohort analyses are needed to further verify these findings. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Cerebral Infarction: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Cerebral Infarction (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Clinicians should interpret cross-biobank consistency as replication, not additive power.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/jaha.125.046172","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously — the hypotension-AD association is notable and underrecognized, but causality is not established given the cross-sectional design.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Cross-sectional study examining phenotypic associations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 11 cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes using logistic regression in two large biobanks — UK Biobank (n=502,133) and All of Us Research Program (n=287,011) — plus genome-wide genetic overlap analysis via proximity-based SNP analyses.","key_result":"Most CVD subtypes were significantly associated with AD in both cohorts. Hypotension showed the strongest and most consistent association. Hypertension and cerebral infarction also had strong, consistent associations. Acute myocardial infarction was not significantly linked to AD. Shared genetic loci were identified near *APOE*, *MAPT*, and genes influencing myocardial structure and vascular function.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference between CVD subtypes and AD.\n- Biobank populations may not fully represent all demographic groups, despite using two diverse cohorts.\n- Proximity-based genetic overlap analysis does not confirm functional or causal shared mechanisms.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should be aware that hypotension — often overlooked — may carry a meaningful association with AD risk, alongside more commonly monitored conditions like hypertension and cerebral infarction. Vascular health monitoring across multiple CVD subtypes, not just coronary disease, may be relevant in AD risk discussions."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","pmid":"42056483","title":"Risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with an ICD code for ocular migraine","journal_title":"Eye","journal_issn":"0950-222X","published_at":"2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","source_score":4,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-03","doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","days":"14","issn":"0950-222X","rank":"7","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"4","category":"Ophthalmology","categories":["Ophthalmology"],"_categories":["Ophthalmology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","title":"Risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with an ICD code for ocular migraine.","journal":"Eye (London, England)","methods":"","results":"Compared with ophthalmology controls ≥ 50 years old, patients with a diagnostic code ocular migraine had an increased risk of all outcomes, with a risk ratio of 1.48 (95% CI 1.33, 1.64), transient ischemic stroke 2.68 (2.20, 3.27) and cerebral infarct 1.81 (1.55, 2.10). These findings continued to be significant among the ≥ 65 years old cases and controls. Compared to patients with MA or MO, patients had a comparable risk of all outcomes (p > 0.05).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42056483","conclusions":"Patients with a diagnostic code for ocular migraine ≥ 50 years old had a 48% increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes, compared to ophthalmology controls. 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KET: Alimera (consultant), AbbVie (consultant), Apellis (consultant), Astellas (Speaker’s bureau), Eyepoint (consultant), Genentech (consultant, speaker’s bureau), Outlook (consultant), Regeneron (consultant, research), Zeiss (speaker, research, consultant). JKS: Impact Education—Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The authors declare no competing interests."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:13:32Z","timestamp":1777443212000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-222X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-5454"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":null,"key":"4479_CR1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2014. Key findings, Data from the National Vital Statistics System, Mortality. Published online in 2014. 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Neurology. 2008;70:1510–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000294329.93565.94.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["4479"],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Eye"],"reference-count":22,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":22,"short-container-title":["Eye"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","is_oa":true,"title":"Risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with an ICD code for ocular migraine","updated":"2026-05-02T09:05:40+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-29","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:17.189Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cerebral Infarction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cerebrovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Migraine With Aura","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Migraine Without Aura","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Ocular Migraine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Transient Ischemic Attack","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=21,949 (ocular migraine cases)","value_numeric":21949},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Propensity score matching adjusted for several vascular risk factors, but residual confounding from unmeasured variables (e.g., smoking, oral contraceptive use, atrial fibrillation) cannot be excluded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The ICD code for 'ocular migraine' may capture a heterogeneous group including retinal migraine and other transient visual phenomena, which could affect the generalizability of findings.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04479-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The total sample size reported (n=21,949) refers only to ocular migraine cases; the full matched cohort sizes are much larger but vary by comparison group.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cohort study examined whether patients with an ICD code for ocular migraine (n=21,949) face higher rates of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events compared to ophthalmology controls (n=1,492,348), migraine with aura, and migraine without aura controls, using propensity score matching on key vascular risk factors.","key_result":"Ocular migraine patients ≥50 years old had a 48% higher risk of combined cerebrovascular/cardiovascular outcomes (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.33–1.64), a 2.68x higher risk of TIA (95% CI 2.20–3.27), and a 1.81x higher risk of cerebral infarct (95% CI 1.55–2.10) vs. ophthalmology controls; risk was comparable to migraine with or without aura patients.","limitations":"- Relies on ICD coding, which may misclassify diagnoses (e.g., confusing ocular migraine with retinal migraine or other transient visual phenomena).\n- Aggregate, de-identified EHR data limits ability to verify individual-level clinical details or temporal sequencing of events.\n- Retrospective design cannot establish causality; authors call for prospective validation.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should consider ocular migraine patients aged ≥50 as a higher-risk group for stroke and cardiovascular events, similar to those with classic migraine with aura. Referral for vascular risk factor assessment and closer cardiovascular follow-up may be warranted in this age group."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Cerebral Infarction"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Cerebral Infarction"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Cerebral Infarction"}}}]]

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