JAMA Dermatology

<jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-4"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies suggest that atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with cognitive impairment in children, but these studies have relied primarily on neurodevelopmental diagnoses (rather than symptoms) as proxy measures of cognitive function. It remains unknown if certain subpopulations of children with AD are at greater risk of cognitive impairment.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-5"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association of AD with symptoms of cognitive impairment (difficulty in learning or memory) among US children and whether this association varies according to the presence or absence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], developmental delay, or learning disability).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-6"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study used 2021 data from the US National Health Interview Survey collected on children aged 17 years or younger without intellectual disability or autism. The presence of AD was based on a parent or adult caregiver’s report indicating either a current diagnosis of AD or a previous medical confirmation of AD by a health care professional.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-7"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures</jats:title><jats:p>Difficulty with learning or memory as reported by the child’s caregiver.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-8"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Among the weighted total of 69 732 807 participants, 9 223 013 (13.2%) had AD. Compared with children without AD, children with AD were more likely to experience difficulties with learning (10.8% [95% CI, 7.8%-15.8%] vs 5.9% [95% CI, 5.1%-6.9%]; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;amp;lt; .001) and difficulties with memory (11.1% [95% CI, 8.0%-15.9%] vs 5.8% [95% CI, 4.9%-6.9%]; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;amp;lt; .001). In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, asthma, food allergies, and seasonal allergies or hay fever, AD was associated with increased odds of difficulties in learning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.45) and memory (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.41). In analyses stratified by neurodevelopmental comorbidities, AD was associated with 2- to 3-fold greater odds of memory difficulties among children with any neurodevelopmental disorder (AOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.43-3.57), including ADHD (AOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.60-5.24) or learning disabilities (AOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.00). However, AD was not associated with learning or memory difficulties among children without neurodevelopmental conditions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240001-9"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that pediatric AD was generally associated with greater odds of reported difficulties in learning and memory. However, this association was primarily limited to children with neurodevelopmental comorbidities, such as ADHD or learning disabilities. These findings may improve the risk stratification of children with AD for cognitive impairments and suggest that evaluation for cognitive difficulties should be prioritized among children with AD and neurodevelopmental disorders.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Public health burden and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis.

Dermatol Clin

Sleep disturbance in school-aged children with atopic dermatitis: prevalence and severity in a cross-sectional sample.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract

Childhood atopic dermatitis and risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a cohort study.

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Association between atopic dermatitis and learning disability in children.

Childhood atopic dermatitis is associated with cognitive dysfunction: a National Health Interview Survey study from 2008 to 2018.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

Reframing racial and ethnic disparities in atopic dermatitis in Black and Latinx populations.

Racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.

Pediatrics

Is asthma associated with cognitive impairments? a meta-analytic review.

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol

Sleep and neurocognitive functioning in children with eczema.

Int J Psychophysiol

Association between sleep and working memory in children with ADHD: a cross-sectional study.

Sleep Med

Neurocognitive function in moderate-severe pediatric atopic dermatitis: a case-control study.

Pediatr Dermatol

The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and atopic dermatitis: a study among Iranian children.

Indian J Dermatol

Assessment of atopic dermatitis using self-report and caregiver report: a multicentre validation study.

Br J Dermatol

Health care utilization, patient costs, and access to care in US adults with eczema: a population-based study.

JAMA Dermatol

Previous studies suggest that atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with cognitive impairment in children, but these studies have relied primarily on neurodevelopmental diagnoses (rather than symptoms) as proxy measures of cognitive function. It remains unknown if certain subpopulations of children with AD are at greater risk of cognitive impairment.
To examine the association of AD with symptoms of cognitive impairment (difficulty in learning or memory) among US children and whether this association varies according to the presence or absence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], developmental delay, or learning disability).
This cross-sectional study used 2021 data from the US National Health Interview Survey collected on children aged 17 years or younger without intellectual disability or autism. The presence of AD was based on a parent or adult caregiver's report indicating either a current diagnosis of AD or a previous medical confirmation of AD by a health care professional.
Difficulty with learning or memory as reported by the child's caregiver.
Among the weighted total of 69 732 807 participants, 9 223 013 (13.2%) had AD. Compared with children without AD, children with AD were more likely to experience difficulties with learning (10.8% [95% CI, 7.8%-15.8%] vs 5.9% [95% CI, 5.1%-6.9%]; P < .001) and difficulties with memory (11.1% [95% CI, 8.0%-15.9%] vs 5.8% [95% CI, 4.9%-6.9%]; P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, asthma, food allergies, and seasonal allergies or hay fever, AD was associated with increased odds of difficulties in learning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.45) and memory (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.41). In analyses stratified by neurodevelopmental comorbidities, AD was associated with 2- to 3-fold greater odds of memory difficulties among children with any neurodevelopmental disorder (AOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.43-3.57), including ADHD (AOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.60-5.24) or learning disabilities (AOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.00). However, AD was not associated with learning or memory difficulties among children without neurodevelopmental conditions.
Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that pediatric AD was generally associated with greater odds of reported difficulties in learning and memory. However, this association was primarily limited to children with neurodevelopmental comorbidities, such as ADHD or learning disabilities. These findings may improve the risk stratification of children with AD for cognitive impairments and suggest that evaluation for cognitive difficulties should be prioritized among children with AD and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment Among Children With Atopic Dermatitis.

Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment Among Children With Atopic Dermatitis

British Journal of Dermatology

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
               <jats:sec>
                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>Looking older for one’s chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body.</jats:p>
               </jats:sec>
               <jats:sec>
                  <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age.</jats:p>
               </jats:sec>
               <jats:sec>
                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5–87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2).</jats:p>
               </jats:sec>
               <jats:sec>
                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one’s age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = −0.76, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.10).</jats:p>
               </jats:sec>
               <jats:sec>
                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.</jats:p>
               </jats:sec>

Erasmus Medical Center

Erasmus University Rotterdam

Research and Development

Ministry of Education

European Commission

Unilever

Cochlear

Psychosocial aspects of aging skin

Mortality is written on the face

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci

Perceived age of facial features is a significant diagnosis criterion for age-related carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese subjects: J-SHIPP study

Geriatr Gerontol Int

Gray hair, baldness, and wrinkles in relation to myocardial infarction: the Copenhagen City Heart Study

Am Heart J

Perceived age is associated with bone status in women aged 25–93 years

Age (Dordr)

Objectives, design and main findings until 2020 from the Rotterdam Study

Eur J Epidemiol

The MC1R gene and youthful looks

Curr Biol

Perceived age as a biomarker of ageing: a clinical methodology

Biogerontology

Lifestyle and physiological factors associated with facial wrinkling in men and women

J Invest Dermatol

A healthy diet in women is associated with less facial wrinkles in a large Dutch population-based cohort

J Am Acad Dermatol

Contributing determinants to hearing loss in elderly men and women: results from the population-based Rotterdam Study

Audiol Neurotol

Patterns of cognitive function in aging: the Rotterdam Study

No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons

Epidemiology

Epidemiology and determinants of facial telangiectasia: a cross-sectional study

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol

A genome-wide association study identifies the skin color genes IRF4, MC1R, ASIP, and BNC2 influencing facial pigmented spots

Extracellular matrix regulation of fibroblast function: redefining our perspective on skin aging

J Cell Commun Signal

Energy metabolism of the osteoblast: implications for osteoporosis

Endocr Rev

The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance

Science

Fibroblast growth factors: a controlling mechanism of skin aging

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

Disruption of the fibroblast growth factor-2 gene results in decreased bone mass and bone formation

J Clin Invest

Patterns of change in facial skeletal aging

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

Relationship between BMD, dental panoramic radiographic findings and biochemical markers of bone turnover in diagnosis of osteoporosis

Maturitas

Age-related cataract

Lancet

Role of tobacco smoking in the causation of chronic respiratory disease

N Engl J Med

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers

Air pollution and skin aging

Curr Environ Health Rep

P16INK4a positive cells in human skin are indicative of local elastic fiber morphology, facial wrinkling, and perceived age

Perceived age as clinically useful biomarker of ageing: cohort study

Looking older for one's chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body.
To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5-87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2).
We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one's age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10).
PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.

Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly.

Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly

Papers