2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T540,In 2021, of the US population of 332.7 million, disorders affecting nervous system health impacted 180.3 million (95% UI, 170.7 million to 190.4 million) US individuals and were the top cause of disability, with 16.6 million (95% UI, 12.9 million to 20.9 million) DALYs. The most prevalent conditions were tension-type headache (121.9 million; 95% UI, 109.4 million to 135.1 million), migraine (57.7 million; 95% UI, 50.1 million to 66.1 million), and diabetic neuropathy (17.1 million; 95% UI, 14.4 million to 19.9 million). Conditions with the greatest collective disability were stroke (3.9 million DALYs; 95% UI, 3.5 million to 4.2 million DALYs), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (3.3 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.6 million to 6.9 million DALYs), diabetic neuropathy (2.2 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.5 million to 3.0 million DALYs), and migraine (2.1 million DALYs; 95% UI, 0.4 million to 4.6 million DALYs). Compared with age-standardized metrics in 1990, the prevalence of disorders affecting the nervous system was nearly identical (-0.2%; 95% UI, -1.5% to 1.9%), with decreased attributable deaths (-14.6%; 95% UI, -18.3% to -11.3%) but increased YLDs (9.8%; 95% UI, 4.6% to 16.6%). By state, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana had the largest age-standardized DALY rates, while New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey had the smallest.31:Ta77,Nervous system health is a major contributor to population health, which is directly affected by neurological conditions and other disorders where nervous system damage occurs. To quantify aggregated health loss from diseases affecting the nervous system, including neurological disorders; neurodevelopmental disorders; congenital, neonatal, and systemic illnesses; and infectious diseases in the United States. This is a cross-sectional study of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study data for nervous system health loss confined to the United States from 1990 through 2021 among the entire US population. Data analysis was performed from December 2021 to January 2025. Thirty-six unique conditions that cause harm to the nervous system. Totals and age-standardized estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), total attributable deaths (where applicable), and prevalence. In 2021, of the US population of 332.7 million, disorders affecting nervous system health impacted 180.3 million (95% UI, 170.7 million to 190.4 million) US individuals and were the top cause of disability, with 16.6 million (95% UI, 12.9 million to 20.9 million) DALYs. The most prevalent conditions were tension-type headache (121.9 million; 95% UI, 109.4 million to 135.1 million), migraine (57.7 million; 95% UI, 50.1 million to 66.1 million), and diabetic neuropathy (17.1 million; 95% UI, 14.4 million to 19.9 million). Conditions with the greatest collective disability were stroke (3.9 million DALYs; 95% UI, 3.5 million to 4.2 million DALYs), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (3.3 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.6 million to 6.9 million DALYs), diabetic neuropathy (2.2 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.5 million to 3.0 million DALYs), and migraine (2.1 million DALYs; 95% UI, 0.4 million to 4.6 million DALYs). Compared with age-standardized metrics in 1990, the prevalence of disorders affecting the nervous system was nearly identical (-0.2%; 95% UI, -1.5% to 1.9%), with decreased attributable deaths (-14.6%; 95% UI, -18.3% to -11.3%) but increased YLDs (9.8%; 95% UI, 4.6% to 16.6%). By state, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana had the largest age-standardized DALY rates, while New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey had the smallest. Disorders affecting the nervous system are highly prevalent and cause disability for millions of US individuals, with reduced mortality leading to more YLDS. The United States should prioritize efforts to combat these conditions with development and implementation of new and effective prevention strategies, therapeutics, and focused rehabilitation.32:Tf54, Importance Nervous system health is a major contributor to population health, which is directly affected by neurological conditions and other disorders where nervous system damage occurs. Objective To quantify aggregated health loss from diseases affecting the nervous system, including neurological disorders; neurodevelopmental disorders; congenital, neonatal, and systemic illnesses; and infectious diseases in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a cross-sectional study of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study data for nervous system health loss confined to the United States from 1990 through 2021 among the entire US population. Data analysis was performed from December 2021 to January 2025. Exposure Thirty-six unique conditions that cause harm to the nervous system. Main Outcomes and Measures Totals and age-standardized estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), total attributable deaths (where applicable), and prevalence. Results In 2021, of the US population of 332.7 million, disorders affecting nervous system health impacted 180.3 million (95% UI, 170.7 million to 190.4 million) US individuals and were the top cause of disability, with 16.6 million (95% UI, 12.9 million to 20.9 million) DALYs. The most prevalent conditions were tension-type headache (121.9 million; 95% UI, 109.4 million to 135.1 million), migraine (57.7 million; 95% UI, 50.1 million to 66.1 million), and diabetic neuropathy (17.1 million; 95% UI, 14.4 million to 19.9 million). Conditions with the greatest collective disability were stroke (3.9 million DALYs; 95% UI, 3.5 million to 4.2 million DALYs), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (3.3 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.6 million to 6.9 million DALYs), diabetic neuropathy (2.2 million DALYs; 95% UI, 1.5 million to 3.0 million DALYs), and migraine (2.1 million DALYs; 95% UI, 0.4 million to 4.6 million DALYs). Compared with age-standardized metrics in 1990, the prevalence of disorders affecting the nervous system was nearly identical (−0.2%; 95% UI, −1.5% to 1.9%), with decreased attributable deaths (−14.6%; 95% UI, −18.3% to −11.3%) but increased YLDs (9.8%; 95% UI, 4.6% to 16.6%). By state, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana had the largest age-standardized DALY rates, while New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey had the smallest. Conclusions and Relevance Disorders affecting the nervous system are highly prevalent and cause disability for millions of US individuals, with reduced mortality leading to more YLDS. The United States should prioritize efforts to combat these conditions with development and implementation of new and effective prevention strategies, therapeutics, and focused rehabilitation. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Diabetic Neuropathy: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Diabetic Neuropathy (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) is validated as a diagnostic threshold via retinopathy association; screen-detected T2D carries a ~twofold lower all-cause mortality than clinically diagnosed T2D; T2D confers ~double the CVD risk in men and ~triple in women vs. those without T2D; 91% (95% CI 83–95%) of T2D cases were attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors in the Nurses' Health Study; and five reproducible T2D subtypes (ANDIS/German Diabetes Study) show distinct complication profiles.","limitations":"- Narrative (not systematic) review; cohort selection was a convenience sample, so many cohorts and findings may be omitted.\n- Historical cohorts systematically under-represent young adults, workers, low-SES groups, and non-European ethnicities, limiting generalizability and risking lead-time bias in screening studies.\n- Observational designs are inherently prone to unmeasured confounding; causal inference requires complementary RCT evidence.","practice_takeaway":"Cohort evidence supports targeted T2D screening using validated risk scores (e.g., Indian Diabetes Risk Score), with HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol as a reliable diagnostic cut-off. 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Disability was highest for stroke 3.9 million DALYs (95% UI, 3.5–4.2), Alzheimer disease and other dementias 3.3 million (95% UI, 1.6–6.9), diabetic neuropathy 2.2 million (95% UI, 1.5–3.0), and migraine 2.1 million (95% UI, 0.4–4.6); since 1990, age-standardized prevalence was flat (-0.2%; 95% UI, -1.5 to 1.9), deaths fell (-14.6%; 95% UI, -18.3 to -11.3), and YLDs rose (9.8%; 95% UI, 4.6–16.6), with the highest DALY rates in Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana and the lowest in New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey.","practice_takeaway":"Disorders affecting the nervous system are widespread and now the top cause of disability in the US; falling mortality means more people are living with disability. Health systems should prioritize prevention, effective therapies, and focused rehabilitation for these conditions."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Diabetic Neuropathy"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Diabetic Neuropathy"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Diabetic Neuropathy"}}}]]

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