2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T713,The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination.31:Tc68, Importance The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. Objective To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Results Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination. 32:T63c,A total of 1 008 012 individuals were diagnosed with cancer during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, including 473 781 in 2020 (50.1% female; 51.0% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.5% Black, 15.8% Hispanic, 64.1% White, and 7.4% other race) and 534 231 in 2021 (50.3% female; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.7% Black, 16.2% Hispanic, 62.9% White, and 7.9% other race). Compared with prepandemic trends, significant absolute reductions in 1-year CSS rates occurred for early-stage diagnoses in 2020 (-0.44 [95% CI, -0.54 to -0.34] percentage points) and 2021 (-0.27 [95% CI, -0.37 to -0.16] percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses in 2020 (-1.34 [95% CI, -1.75 to -0.93] percentage points) and 2021 (-1.20 [95% CI, -1.69 to -0.71] percentage points). Survival reductions resulted in an estimated 17 390 more cancer-related deaths (13.1%) within 1 year of diagnosis than expected during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Absolute survival reductions greater than 1.00 percentage point occurred in both years for late-stage diagnoses among individuals of other non-Hispanic race and ethnicity (ie, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, or unknown race) and individuals aged 65 years or older. Significant site-specific survival reductions also existed in both 2020 and 2021, respectively, for early-stage diagnoses of esophageal cancer (-3.89 and -3.67 percentage points) and colorectal cancer (-1.08 and -0.78 percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses of prostate cancer (-0.64 and -0.77 percentage points).33:Tbf9,The effects of COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions on cancer diagnosis in the US have been widely observed, but their impact on short-term survival has not been assessed. To examine 1-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates among patients diagnosed with cancer during 2020 and 2021 using high-quality cancer registry data. This population-based cohort study of cancer survival between 2015 and 2021 used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 21 Registries (SEER-21) database. The population included individuals with an invasive cancer diagnosis and complete follow-up reported to registries included in SEER-21 between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from May 13 to May 27, 2025. COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome was 1-year CSS rates by stage at diagnosis for patients diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 compared with trends in 1-year CSS rates among patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. Additional site-specific analyses were performed on common cancer sites identified as having low survival (5-year relative survival <33%) or high incidence and high survival (incidence >20.0 per 100 000 and 5-year relative survival ≥66%). A total of 1 008 012 individuals were diagnosed with cancer during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, including 473 781 in 2020 (50.1% female; 51.0% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.5% Black, 15.8% Hispanic, 64.1% White, and 7.4% other race) and 534 231 in 2021 (50.3% female; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.7% Black, 16.2% Hispanic, 62.9% White, and 7.9% other race). Compared with prepandemic trends, significant absolute reductions in 1-year CSS rates occurred for early-stage diagnoses in 2020 (-0.44 [95% CI, -0.54 to -0.34] percentage points) and 2021 (-0.27 [95% CI, -0.37 to -0.16] percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses in 2020 (-1.34 [95% CI, -1.75 to -0.93] percentage points) and 2021 (-1.20 [95% CI, -1.69 to -0.71] percentage points). Survival reductions resulted in an estimated 17 390 more cancer-related deaths (13.1%) within 1 year of diagnosis than expected during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Absolute survival reductions greater than 1.00 percentage point occurred in both years for late-stage diagnoses among individuals of other non-Hispanic race and ethnicity (ie, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, or unknown race) and individuals aged 65 years or older. Significant site-specific survival reductions also existed in both 2020 and 2021, respectively, for early-stage diagnoses of esophageal cancer (-3.89 and -3.67 percentage points) and colorectal cancer (-1.08 and -0.78 percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses of prostate cancer (-0.64 and -0.77 percentage points). This cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 experienced worse short-term survival than those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019, suggesting substantial harms associated with cancer care disruptions during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.34:T1108, Importance The effects of COVID-19 pandemic–related disruptions on cancer diagnosis in the US have been widely observed, but their impact on short-term survival has not been assessed. Objective To examine 1-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates among patients diagnosed with cancer during 2020 and 2021 using high-quality cancer registry data. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study of cancer survival between 2015 and 2021 used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 21 Registries (SEER-21) database. The population included individuals with an invasive cancer diagnosis and complete follow-up reported to registries included in SEER-21 between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from May 13 to May 27, 2025. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 1-year CSS rates by stage at diagnosis for patients diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 compared with trends in 1-year CSS rates among patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. Additional site-specific analyses were performed on common cancer sites identified as having low survival (5-year relative survival &lt;33%) or high incidence and high survival (incidence &gt;20.0 per 100 000 and 5-year relative survival ≥66%). Results A total of 1 008 012 individuals were diagnosed with cancer during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, including 473 781 in 2020 (50.1% female; 51.0% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.5% Black, 15.8% Hispanic, 64.1% White, and 7.4% other race) and 534 231 in 2021 (50.3% female; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 51.9% diagnosed at ≥65 years; 11.7% Black, 16.2% Hispanic, 62.9% White, and 7.9% other race). Compared with prepandemic trends, significant absolute reductions in 1-year CSS rates occurred for early-stage diagnoses in 2020 (−0.44 [95% CI, −0.54 to −0.34] percentage points) and 2021 (−0.27 [95% CI, −0.37 to −0.16] percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses in 2020 (−1.34 [95% CI, −1.75 to −0.93] percentage points) and 2021 (−1.20 [95% CI, −1.69 to −0.71] percentage points). Survival reductions resulted in an estimated 17 390 more cancer-related deaths (13.1%) within 1 year of diagnosis than expected during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Absolute survival reductions greater than 1.00 percentage point occurred in both years for late-stage diagnoses among individuals of other non-Hispanic race and ethnicity (ie, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, or unknown race) and individuals aged 65 years or older. Significant site-specific survival reductions also existed in both 2020 and 2021, respectively, for early-stage diagnoses of esophageal cancer (−3.89 and −3.67 percentage points) and colorectal cancer (−1.08 and −0.78 percentage points) and late-stage diagnoses of prostate cancer (−0.64 and −0.77 percentage points). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 experienced worse short-term survival than those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019, suggesting substantial harms associated with cancer care disruptions during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Esophageal Cancer: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Esophageal Cancer (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Key predictors of longer delays included Medicaid insurance (5/6 cancers), lowest-quartile income (6/6), Black race (5/6), greater travel distance (4/6), care in the West (6/6), treatment at academic institutions (6/6), and use of robotic surgery (5/5 nonbreast cancers).","limitations":"- Retrospective design using administrative/registry data (National Cancer Database) limits causal inference and may not capture unmeasured confounders.\n- Full text is under embargo; detailed methodology and multivariable model specifications could not be reviewed.\n- The 85% female composition reflects heavy representation of breast cancer patients, which may skew overall pooled estimates.","practice_takeaway":"Surgical wait times for major cancers have risen steadily over a decade and are longest at academic centers and for referred, lower-income, or Black patients — clinicians and health systems should proactively track and address these gaps. Robotic surgery adoption is also independently linked to longer delays and warrants operational scrutiny."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","pmid":"42489726","title":"Comparative clinical utility of preoperative psoas muscle and skeletal muscle index cutoffs for risk stratification after esophagectomy","journal_title":"Surgery Today","journal_issn":"0941-1291","published_at":"2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","source_score":4,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-01T13:21:47.349Z","updated_at":"2026-08-01T13:21:47.349Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"category","value":"Surgery","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"condition","value":"Postoperative Pulmonary Complications","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"condition","value":"Sarcopenia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"modality","value":"CT-Based Body Composition Assessment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=334","value_numeric":334},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"warning","value":"ROC analysis showed only modest discriminative ability for both PMI and SMI (AUCs 0.52–0.58 for PPCs), suggesting limited standalone predictive precision despite statistical significance.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"warning","value":"The cohort is 78% male; sex-specific subgroup analyses for women are underpowered and results should not be generalized to female patients.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00595-026-03433-7","tag_type":"warning","value":"The SMI cutoff was derived from a gastric cancer cohort and the PMI cutoff from healthy liver-donor adults — neither is esophagectomy-specific, which may bias the negative SMI findings.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This single-center retrospective study (n=334) compared preoperative psoas muscle index (PMI) vs. skeletal muscle index (SMI), both measured on CT at L3, for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and 5-year OS/RFS in patients undergoing esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer (January 2016–March 2024).","key_result":"PPCs occurred in 110 patients (32.9%). Low PMI was independently associated with PPCs on multivariable analysis (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.16–4.07; p=0.02), while low SMI was not (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.46–1.77; p=0.76). Low PMI correlated with worse unadjusted 5-year OS (66.3% vs. 77.8%; p=0.02) and RFS (p=0.04), but these associations were attenuated after multivariable adjustment (OS HR 1.16, p=0.58; RFS HR 1.42, p=0.13).","limitations":"- Single-center, predominantly male (78%) Japanese cohort limits generalizability and sex-specific conclusions.\n- Cutoff values were derived from non-esophagectomy populations (gastric cancer for SMI; liver donor adults for PMI), potentially misclassifying patients.\n- Muscle quality, myosteatosis, and functional status were not assessed; temporal changes in surgical technique over the 8-year enrollment period may confound results.","practice_takeaway":"Measure preoperative PMI on routine CT at L3 to flag esophagectomy patients at higher risk for pulmonary complications — especially pneumonia — and consider PMI-guided prehabilitation referral. Do not rely on PMI alone to counsel patients on long-term survival, as its prognostic value disappears after adjusting for other factors."}},{"doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","pmid":"42417444","title":"Global cancer statistics 2024: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 34 cancers in 186 countries","journal_title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","journal_issn":"0007-9235","published_at":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.70090","source_score":58,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:24.185Z","updated_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:24.185Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Breast Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Colorectal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Liver Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pancreatic Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Prostate Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Stomach Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"condition","value":"Thyroid Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=186","value_numeric":186},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study / Statistical Modeling","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"warning","value":"2050 projections are demographic extrapolations assuming constant rates and should not be interpreted as forecasts accounting for future prevention or treatment changes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"warning","value":"Publication date in the PDF metadata (June 2026) slightly precedes the journal-listed date (July 2026); this discrepancy is minor and likely reflects online-first vs. issue publication.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'sample_size' tag represents the number of countries covered, not individual patients; no single patient-level N is reported.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3322/caac.70090","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design tag reflects a population-level epidemiological estimation study (GLOBOCAN), not a traditional interventional or observational cohort design—level of evidence assigned as 2 based on high-quality, comprehensive population data but acknowledges heterogeneity in underlying national data quality.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"GLOBOCAN 2024 estimates from the IARC describe cancer incidence and mortality for 34 cancer types across 186 countries, stratified by world region and Human Development Index (HDI), with projections to 2050 based on demographic trends.","key_result":"In 2024, an estimated 20.6 million new cancer cases and 9.8 million deaths occurred worldwide. Lung cancer led in both incidence (~2.6 million cases, 12.8%) and mortality (~1.9 million deaths, 19.1%), followed by female breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Incidence rates varied 4–5-fold across regions (highest: Australia/New Zealand, men 477/100,000; women 396/100,000). By 2050, incidence is projected to reach 34.4 million—a 67% increase—with the largest relative rises in low HDI countries (↑122%).","limitations":"- Estimates rely on extrapolations from pre-2020 registry and mortality data, with no adjustment for COVID-19 pandemic disruptions.\n- Data quality is heterogeneous: only 1 in 3 countries reports high-quality incidence data, and 1 in 4 reports high-quality national mortality data.\n- 2050 projections assume constant incidence/mortality rates and do not model changes in risk factors, prevention, or treatment.","practice_takeaway":"Nearly half (48%) of all cancer deaths are potentially avoidable through primary prevention or early detection—clinicians should prioritize tobacco cessation counseling, weight management, vaccination (HPV, HBV), and guideline-concordant screening. In lower-resource settings, rapid rises in breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers demand urgent investment in awareness, early diagnosis pathways, and equitable treatment access."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","pmid":"42380723","title":"Preoperative exercise capacity as a predictor of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with esophageal cancer: a multicenter observational cohort study","journal_title":"Esophagus","journal_issn":"1612-9059","published_at":"2026-06-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-10T13:25:27.391Z","updated_at":"2026-07-10T13:25:27.391Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"category","value":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"condition","value":"Postoperative Pulmonary Complications","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"modality","value":"Perioperative Rehabilitation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"modality","value":"Preoperative Functional Assessment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=213","value_numeric":213},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group tagged as 'older_adult' based on median age of 68 years (IQR 62–74); the cohort spans a range that likely includes non-older adults as well.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"Optimal CS-30 cutoff of 15 reps was derived from this Asian cohort and may not generalize to other populations; authors note differences from a previously reported cutoff of 13 in Australian patients.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects a statistically significant improvement in NRI/IDI, but the AUC gain was modest (0.775 to 0.786); clinical magnitude should be interpreted cautiously. The complete-case analysis did not reach significance for NRI.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10388-026-01226-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is retrospective with opt-out consent; unmeasured confounders and institutional variation across three sites of very unequal size (148, 49, 16 patients) may limit generalizability.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multicenter retrospective cohort study (n=213, 3 Japanese institutions, July 2021–June 2023) compared the feasibility and incremental predictive value of the 30-s chair stand test (CS-30) vs. the 6-min walk test (6MWT) for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in esophageal cancer patients undergoing curative esophagectomy.","key_result":"PPCs occurred in 57/213 patients (26.8%). CS-30 data completeness was higher than 6MWT (91.5% vs. 83.6%; p<0.001). Adding CS-30 to established risk factors raised AUC from 0.775 to 0.786, with significant NRI of 0.427 (p=0.004) and IDI of 0.048 (p=0.001). Adding 6MWT did not significantly improve prediction. CS-30 <15 reps was linked to longer hospital stay (27 vs. 22 days) and lower discharge rate (73% vs. 86%).","limitations":"- Retrospective design with potential selection and information bias.\n- Key intraoperative variables (operative time, blood loss, surgical approach) were excluded from prediction models.\n- Missing data handled by imputation; complete-case analysis showed only a trend for CS-30 NRI improvement (p=0.056), not statistical significance.","practice_takeaway":"Consider adding the CS-30 (cutoff <15 reps) to routine preoperative assessment for esophageal cancer surgery — it is quick, needs only a chair and stopwatch, and significantly improves PPC risk stratification. High-risk patients (CS-30 <15 reps) should be prioritized for prehabilitation and early mobilization planning."}},{"doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","pmid":"42203205","title":"Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and survival in people with incident cancer in UK Biobank","journal_title":"Cancer","journal_issn":"0008-543X","published_at":"2026-05-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70437","source_score":40,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-31T13:35:30.320Z","updated_at":"2026-05-31T13:35:30.320Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Breast Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Liver Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"condition","value":"Prostate Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"modality","value":"Dietary Modification","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"modality","value":"Lifestyle Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=28550","value_numeric":28550},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"warning","value":"Causal inference is limited by the observational design; residual confounding by socioeconomic or clinical factors is possible.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"warning","value":"Lifestyle exposures were measured only at baseline recruitment (2006–2010), prior to cancer diagnosis; post-diagnosis behavioral changes are not reflected in the score.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/cncr.70437","tag_type":"warning","value":"The abbreviated WCRF/AICR score (0–5) covers fewer components than the full 2018 recommendations, so findings may underestimate the total impact of full guideline adherence.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This prospective cohort study examined whether adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations (scored 0–5 using an abbreviated scale) was associated with all-cause mortality in 28,550 UK Biobank participants diagnosed with a single incident cancer, followed for a median of 6 years.","key_result":"Each 1-point increment in the abbreviated WCRF/AICR score was associated with an 8% lower risk of all-cause death (HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94; p < .001). Over follow-up, 10,014 of 28,550 participants (35%) died. Site-specific risk reductions of 5%–14% per point were seen for prostate, breast, lung, esophageal, and liver cancers.","limitations":"Lifestyle data were collected at baseline (2006–2010) only, so changes after cancer diagnosis are not captured. The abbreviated score covers only 5 of the full WCRF/AICR recommendations, potentially underestimating the full adherence effect. As an observational study, residual confounding cannot be excluded.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can counsel cancer patients that meeting each additional WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendation is linked to roughly 8% lower risk of death. Supporting adherence to these guidelines—covering diet, weight, and physical activity—appears beneficial even after a cancer diagnosis."}},{"doi":"10.1111/den.70159","pmid":"42067512","title":"Impact of Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Endoscopy on Screening for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Large‐Scale Health Screening Facility","journal_title":"Digestive Endoscopy","journal_issn":"0915-5635","published_at":"2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/den.70159","source_score":21,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-22T13:22:24.461Z","updated_at":"2026-05-22T13:22:24.461Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"brand","value":"EW10-EG01","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"category","value":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"condition","value":"Gastric Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"modality","value":"Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Endoscopy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"modality","value":"Computer-Aided Detection (CADe)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=49980","value_numeric":49980},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"warning","value":"Absolute cancer case numbers are small (24 GC and 10 EC post-PSM), so effect estimates carry wide uncertainty despite statistical significance.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"warning","value":"The AI system (FUJIFILM EW10-EG01) used in this study is a specific proprietary device; results may not generalize to other AI endoscopy platforms.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is applied cautiously — this is a single-center retrospective study, and prospective multicenter validation is still needed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/den.70159","tag_type":"warning","value":"The non-AI period used a mix of older (non-LCI) and newer endoscopic systems, introducing hardware confounding that PSM could not fully address.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether AI-assisted upper GI endoscopy (FUJIFILM EW10-EG01 CADe system) improved gastric and esophageal cancer detection rates (CDR), biopsy rates, and biopsy PPV compared to non-AI endoscopy at a single large Japanese screening center (April 2021–March 2024), using propensity score matching (PSM) across 49,980 examinations.","key_result":"After PSM (17,662 pairs), AI-assisted endoscopy significantly raised gastric cancer CDR (0.10% vs. 0.03%, p<0.05) and combined biopsy PPV for gastric and esophageal cancer (4.84% vs. 2.16%, p<0.05). Overall CDR for GC+EC was 0.14% (AI) vs. 0.06% (non-AI). Esophageal cancer CDR did not differ significantly. Examination time was slightly shorter with AI (7.22 vs. 7.37 min, p<0.0001). AI benefit on CDR was most pronounced among less experienced endoscopists (5–9 years).","limitations":"- Retrospective design with residual confounding: equipment differed between periods (older systems lacking LCI in ~20% of non-AI procedures), and image-enhancement mode use varied by endoscopist.\n- Single-center study in Japan with high H. pylori prevalence; findings may not generalize to low-GC-prevalence regions.\n- Very low absolute case counts (especially esophageal cancer, n=10 post-PSM) limit statistical power for EC-specific conclusions.","practice_takeaway":"AI-assisted CADe endoscopy roughly tripled gastric cancer detection rates in a high-volume screening setting without prolonging exam time, with the greatest benefit seen in less experienced endoscopists. Clinicians in high-GC-prevalence settings should consider integrating real-time AI endoscopy support, particularly where less experienced staff perform screenings."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","pmid":"41954909","title":"Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males","journal_title":"JAMA Oncology","journal_issn":"2374-2437","published_at":"2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13067135/","source_score":508,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-14","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","days":"30","issn":"2374-2437","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"508","category":"Oncology","categories":["Oncology"],"_categories":["Oncology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","title":"Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males.","journal":"JAMA oncology","methods":"","results":"Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41954909","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","ISSN":["2374-2437"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/articlepdf/2847524/jamaoncology_kitano_2026_oi_260011_1775077762.09379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males"],"author":[{"given":"Taito","family":"Kitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"member":"10","prefix":"10.1001","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:00:28Z","timestamp":1775746828000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:56:10Z","timestamp":1777686970850,"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2847524"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:00:30Z","timestamp":1775746830000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2374-2437"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1136/bmj-2022-070115","key":"coi260011r1","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Rahangdale","volume":"379","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer 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The largest site-specific drops were in early-stage esophageal cancer (−3.89 and −3.67 pp) and colorectal cancer (−1.08 and −0.78 pp), and late-stage prostate cancer (−0.64 and −0.77 pp). Older adults (≥65 years) and individuals of non-Hispanic other race/ethnicity bore disproportionate late-stage survival losses (>1.00 pp in both years).","limitations":"- Observational design precludes causal inference; unmeasured confounders (e.g., treatment delays, comorbidities, COVID-19 as competing cause of death) are not fully adjusted for.\n- Analysis is limited to 1-year CSS, so longer-term survival impacts remain unknown.\n- SEER-21 covers roughly 47% of the US population and may not represent all geographic or socioeconomic groups.","practice_takeaway":"Pandemic-era care disruptions caused measurable, population-level harm — nearly 17,400 excess cancer deaths in just two years. Clinicians and health systems should prioritize rapid restoration of cancer screening, timely staging workups, and treatment continuity during any future large-scale healthcare disruption, with extra attention to older patients and underrepresented racial/ethnic groups."}}],"initialOffset":8,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Esophageal Cancer"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Esophageal Cancer"}}}]]

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