2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T7a9,The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various autoimmune manifestations. Several studies have suggested a potential association between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases (TDs); however, findings remain inconclusive and are primarily based on relatively small studies. Population-level data examining the differential impact of the pandemic on specific thyroid conditions are scarce. To examine the incidence patterns of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), Graves' Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of adults (≥16 years) in the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel from January 2018 to December 2022. New cases of TDs were identified using either ICD-9 codes, laboratory results, medication dispensing data or a combination of them. Monthly disease-specific incidence rates were compared between pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-December 2022) periods, with adjustment for seasonal variations. Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. The mean age was similar across groups (43-45 years) with consistent female predominance (77%). Interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant 30% increase in HT incidence during the pandemic period (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.64, p=0.023), which began prior to the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend suggestive of a possible increased incidence (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.79, p=0.054). Conversely, SAT demonstrated a significant 54% reduction in incidence (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.99, p=0.049). The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in HT incidence and an unexpected decrease in SAT. These findings highlight the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on different TDs.31:Ta8f, Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various autoimmune manifestations. Several studies have suggested a potential association between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases (TDs); however, findings remain inconclusive and are primarily based on relatively small studies. Population-level data examining the differential impact of the pandemic on specific thyroid conditions are scarce. Objective To examine the incidence patterns of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT), Graves’ Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of adults (≥16 years) in the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel from January 2018 to December 2022. New cases of TDs were identified using either ICD-9 codes, laboratory results, medication dispensing data or a combination of them. Monthly disease-specific incidence rates were compared between pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-December 2022) periods, with adjustment for seasonal variations. Results Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. The mean age was similar across groups (43–45 years) with consistent female predominance (77%). Interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant 30% increase in HT incidence during the pandemic period (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.64, p=0.023), which began prior to the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend suggestive of a possible increased incidence (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.79, p=0.054). Conversely, SAT demonstrated a significant 54% reduction in incidence (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.99, p=0.049). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in HT incidence and an unexpected decrease in SAT. These findings highlight the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on different TDs. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Graves' Disease: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Graves' Disease (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Skin disorders occurred in 81%, hair/nail problems in 43%, and mucosal issues in 31%. Lab abnormalities were most common: haematological changes in 94%, elevated liver enzymes in 88%, and impaired renal parameters in 31%. Thyroid dysfunction appeared in 19% (including 2 cases of Graves' disease) and elevated HbA1c in 16%. Moderate-to-severe cases had more laboratory abnormalities; skin complications were similar across both groups. Fear of further medication was reported by 51%, and 49% avoided drug intake.","limitations":"- Small sample size (n=36) limits statistical power and generalizability.\n- Severity grading relied solely on two laboratory-based scoring systems (DILI, AKI), which may misclassify patients with missing baseline values (e.g., unknown pre-DRESS creatinine).\n- Lab values were collected at variable time points despite efforts to standardize to a 2-year window.","practice_takeaway":"Even mild DRESS causes lasting skin, lab, and psychological sequelae — so all patients need structured long-term follow-up regardless of acute severity. Clinicians should monitor thyroid function, liver enzymes, renal parameters, and HbA1c after discharge, and address medication fear, which affects about half of patients."}},{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","pmid":"42100205","title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases","journal_title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","journal_issn":"1664-2392","published_at":"2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","source_score":156,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-24","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","days":"30","issn":"1664-2392","rank":"6","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"156","category":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","categories":["Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"_categories":["Endocrinology & Metabolism"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.","journal":"Frontiers in endocrinology","methods":"","results":"Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. 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Endocrinol."],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","is_oa":true,"title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases","updated":"2026-05-12T08:54:10+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-22","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:51:28.873Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"COVID-19","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Graves' Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Subacute Thyroiditis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=4,765","value_numeric":4765},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 54% reduction in SAT incidence during the pandemic may partly reflect reduced healthcare utilization rather than a true biological effect — the authors acknowledge this but cannot fully disentangle it.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The GD result (IRR 1.66) did not reach conventional significance (p=0.054); the 'possible increased incidence' framing should be interpreted with caution.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The interrupted time series method adjusts for seasonality, but unmeasured confounders (e.g., changes in screening behavior, telemedicine uptake) cannot be excluded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is limited to a single district in southern Israel (Clalit Health Services); ethnic, geographic, and healthcare-system differences may limit broader applicability.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This population-based retrospective cohort study used interrupted time series analysis to compare incidence rates of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), Graves' Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) in adults (≥16 years) before (Jan 2018–Feb 2020) and during (Mar 2020–Dec 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on data from the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel (n=4,765 incident cases).","key_result":"HT incidence rose significantly by 30% during the pandemic (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.64, p=0.023), beginning before the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99–2.79, p=0.054). SAT incidence fell significantly by 54% (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.99, p=0.049).","limitations":"- Single-region, single-payer database limits generalizability to other populations and healthcare systems.\n- Retrospective design with case identification relying on ICD-9 codes, labs, and medication data introduces potential misclassification.\n- Cannot fully separate the effects of COVID-19 infection, vaccination, or pandemic-related healthcare disruptions (e.g., reduced SAT diagnoses due to fewer clinic visits).","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should maintain a heightened index of suspicion for new-onset HT in patients with recent COVID-19 exposure. The unexpected drop in SAT diagnoses likely reflects pandemic-era healthcare access barriers rather than true disease reduction, so patients with neck pain and thyrotoxic symptoms post-COVID warrant active evaluation."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Graves' Disease"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Graves' Disease"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Graves' Disease"}}}]]

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