2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T713,The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination.31:Tc68, Importance The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. Objective To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Results Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"HPV-Related Cancers: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on HPV-Related Cancers (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41954909","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","ISSN":["2374-2437"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/articlepdf/2847524/jamaoncology_kitano_2026_oi_260011_1775077762.09379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in 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Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Evidence to recommendations for HPV vaccination harmonization across sexes, ages 22 through 26 years. Published September 5, 2024. Accessed December 26, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/HPV-harmonization-etr.html","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"coi260011r33","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency. HPV vaccination guidance for healthcare practitioners. Updated 20 June 2023. Accessed December 26, 2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hpv-universal-vaccination-guidance-for-health-professionals/hpv-vaccination-guidance-for-healthcare-practitioners","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"coi260011r38","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. 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Accessed on February 12, 2026. https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null}],"short-title":[],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Oncology"],"reference-count":45,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":45,"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"is-referenced-by-count":1},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","is_oa":true,"title":"Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males","updated":"2026-04-13T08:15:34+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-09","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13067135/","pmh_id":"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13067135","url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13067135/"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:12.635Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"brand","value":"Gardasil 9","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"condition","value":"Esophageal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"condition","value":"Head and Neck Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"condition","value":"HPV-Related Cancers","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"condition","value":"Penile Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"generic","value":"9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2,905,778 (pre-match); n=1,020,520 (post-match)","value_numeric":2905778},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand name 'Gardasil 9' inferred from context (9-valent HPV vaccine); not explicitly stated in the provided text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text of the article was not accessible; summary is based solely on the abstract and results sections provided.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"warning","value":"Pre-match sample sizes show a marked age difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (mean 13.4 vs. 17.2 years), which propensity score matching attempts to address but residual confounding cannot be excluded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","tag_type":"warning","value":"The specific global database used is not named in the available text, limiting assessment of data quality and generalizability.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated whether the 9-valent HPV vaccine reduced incidence of HPV-related cancers (head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile) in males aged 9–26 years, comparing vaccinated vs. unvaccinated groups over up to 10 years of follow-up (2016–2024) using a large global database.","key_result":"After propensity score matching (n=510,260 per group), vaccinated males had a 46% lower risk of HPV-related cancers vs. unvaccinated males (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.37–0.81; P=.002). Benefit was consistent in ages 9–14 (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34–0.97) and 15–26 (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.27–0.93).","limitations":"Retrospective design limits causal inference. The database source and completeness of vaccination records are not fully described in the available text. Cancer outcomes in young males are rare, which may introduce instability in subgroup estimates.","practice_takeaway":"These findings support 9-valent HPV vaccination for males across a wide age range (9–26 years), reinforcing sex-neutral vaccination strategies. Clinicians should prioritize HPV vaccination in male adolescents, where early vaccination (ages 9–14) showed meaningful cancer risk reduction."}}],"initialOffset":1,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"HPV-Related Cancers"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"HPV-Related Cancers"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"HPV-Related Cancers"}}}]]

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