2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T7a9,The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various autoimmune manifestations. Several studies have suggested a potential association between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases (TDs); however, findings remain inconclusive and are primarily based on relatively small studies. Population-level data examining the differential impact of the pandemic on specific thyroid conditions are scarce. To examine the incidence patterns of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), Graves' Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of adults (≥16 years) in the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel from January 2018 to December 2022. New cases of TDs were identified using either ICD-9 codes, laboratory results, medication dispensing data or a combination of them. Monthly disease-specific incidence rates were compared between pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-December 2022) periods, with adjustment for seasonal variations. Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. The mean age was similar across groups (43-45 years) with consistent female predominance (77%). Interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant 30% increase in HT incidence during the pandemic period (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.64, p=0.023), which began prior to the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend suggestive of a possible increased incidence (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.79, p=0.054). Conversely, SAT demonstrated a significant 54% reduction in incidence (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.99, p=0.049). The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in HT incidence and an unexpected decrease in SAT. These findings highlight the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on different TDs.31:Ta8f, Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various autoimmune manifestations. Several studies have suggested a potential association between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases (TDs); however, findings remain inconclusive and are primarily based on relatively small studies. Population-level data examining the differential impact of the pandemic on specific thyroid conditions are scarce. Objective To examine the incidence patterns of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT), Graves’ Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using interrupted time series analysis of adults (≥16 years) in the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel from January 2018 to December 2022. New cases of TDs were identified using either ICD-9 codes, laboratory results, medication dispensing data or a combination of them. Monthly disease-specific incidence rates were compared between pre-pandemic (January 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-December 2022) periods, with adjustment for seasonal variations. Results Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. The mean age was similar across groups (43–45 years) with consistent female predominance (77%). Interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant 30% increase in HT incidence during the pandemic period (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.64, p=0.023), which began prior to the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend suggestive of a possible increased incidence (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.79, p=0.054). Conversely, SAT demonstrated a significant 54% reduction in incidence (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.99, p=0.049). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in HT incidence and an unexpected decrease in SAT. These findings highlight the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on different TDs. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Hashimoto's%20Thyroiditis\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Conditions\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Hashimoto's%20Thyroiditis\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Discover peer-reviewed research on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with concise clinician summaries and next-step guidance.","papers":[{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","pmid":"42100205","title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases","journal_title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","journal_issn":"1664-2392","published_at":"2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","source_score":156,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-24","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","days":"30","issn":"1664-2392","rank":"6","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"156","category":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","categories":["Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"_categories":["Endocrinology & Metabolism"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.","journal":"Frontiers in endocrinology","methods":"","results":"Among 4,765 incident TD cases identified, 3,731 (78.3%) had HT, 698 (14.6%) had GD, and 336 (7.1%) had SAT. The mean age was similar across groups (43-45 years) with consistent female predominance (77%). Interrupted time series analysis revealed a significant 30% increase in HT incidence during the pandemic period (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.64, p=0.023), which began prior to the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend suggestive of a possible increased incidence (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99-2.79, p=0.054). Conversely, SAT demonstrated a significant 54% reduction in incidence (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.99, p=0.049).","abstract":"$30","keywords":["COVID-19","Graves’ disease","Hashimoto’s thyroiditis","SARS-CoV-2","subacute thyroiditis","thyroid diseases"],"pubmed_id":"42100205","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-08T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","ISSN":["1664-2392"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases"],"author":[{"given":"Majd","family":"Irsheid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"name":"Soroka University Medical Center"}]},{"given":"Nitzan","family":"Burrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center"}]},{"given":"Merav","family":"Fraenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Hershkovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"name":"Pediatrics Department & Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Yoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev"},{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"member":"1965","prefix":"10.3389","source":"Crossref","volume":"17","created":{"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:41:27Z","timestamp":1776832887000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:38:59Z","timestamp":1776836339657,"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314/full"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:41:31Z","timestamp":1776832891000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2392"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","reference":[{"DOI":null,"key":"B1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"COVID-19 cases | WHO COVID-19 dashboard","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11154-020-09615-z","key":"B2","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Scappaticcio","volume":"22","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/J.JAUT.2020.102592","key":"B3","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Novelli","volume":"117","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The JANUS of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases onset during COVID-19 – a systematic review of the literature","journal-title":"J Autoimmun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10067-023-06670-0","key":"B4","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Tesch","volume":"42","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a matched cohort study","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0324513","key":"B5","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Wuller","volume":"20","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of new-onset autoimmune disease: a RECOVER initiative study in nationwide U.S. cohorts","journal-title":"PloS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12916-023-03049-5","key":"B6","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Syed","volume":"21","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases following COVID-19: a matched cohort study in UK primary care","journal-title":"BMC Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/IMM.13443","key":"B7","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Chen","volume":"165","first-page":"386","unstructured":null,"article-title":"New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination","journal-title":"Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/J.AUTREV.2020.102649","key":"B8","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Ralli","volume":"19","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: an update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential Malignant transformation","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1089/thy.2012.0554","key":"B9","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"Caturegli","volume":"23","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: celebrating the centennial through the lens of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Surgical Pathology Records","journal-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41572-020-0184-y","key":"B10","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Davies","volume":"6","first-page":"52","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Graves’ disease","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1155/2014/794943","key":"B11","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"Alfadda","volume":"2014","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis: clinical presentation and long term outcome","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/S42399-021-00912-5","key":"B12","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Aemaz Ur Rehman","volume":"3","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The association of subacute thyroiditis with COVID-19: a systematic review","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1210/JENDSO/BVAB076","key":"B13","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Duntas","volume":"5","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"COVID-19 and thyroid diseases: a bidirectional impact","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/CEN.14860","key":"B14","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Barajas Galindo","volume":"98","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Increased incidence of Graves’ disease during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1126683","key":"B15","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Rossini","volume":"14","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19: a single-center, prospective study","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11154-021-09653-1","key":"B16","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Trimboli","volume":"22","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Thyroid sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review of reviews","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/J.JECR.2021.100094","key":"B17","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Feghali","volume":"22","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Manifestations of thyroid disease post COVID-19 illness: report of Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, and subacute thyroiditis","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2022.947594","key":"B18","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Darvishi","volume":"13","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association of thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41574-023-00946-w","key":"B19","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Lui","volume":"20","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1126637","key":"B20","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Meftah","volume":"14","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19: a systematic review","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/imj.15432","key":"B21","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Christensen","volume":"52","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID-19: a systematic review","journal-title":"Intern Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2021.707726","key":"B22","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Trimboli","volume":"12","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"COVID-19-associated subacute thyroiditis: evidence-based data from a systematic review","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1089/THY.2023.0626","key":"B23","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Huang","volume":"34","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association of COVID-19 infection with subsequent thyroid dysfunction: an international population-based propensity score matched analysis","journal-title":"https://homeliebertpubcom/thy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/AJEADV/UUAF006","key":"B24","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Qeadan","volume":"1","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and thyroid disease: a nationwide study on hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism using Oracle EHR Real-World Data","journal-title":"AJE Adv Res Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1097/RHU.0000000000002054","key":"B25","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Inokuchi","volume":"30","first-page":"65","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Persistent risk of developing autoimmune diseases associated with COVID-19 an observational study using an electronic medical record database in Japan","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.7717/PEERJ.15034/SUPP-3","key":"B26","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Fung","volume":"3","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"A prospective follow-up of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features on ultrasonography among survivors of predominantly mild to moderate COVID-19","journal-title":"PeerJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fendo.2022.1041676","key":"B27","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Rossetti","volume":"13","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"COVID-19 and thyroid function: what do we know so far","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10067-022-06149-4","key":"B28","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Jara","volume":"41","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome expand","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1089/thy.2022.0229","key":"B29","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Koehler","volume":"33","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Thyroidal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein expression and thyroid function tests in patients with COVID-19: results from a retrospective case series and a prospective cohort study","journal-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1177/03000605221082898","key":"B30","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Naguib","volume":"50","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Potential relationships between COVID-19 and the thyroid gland: an update","journal-title":"J Int Med Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1136/POSTGRADMEDJ-2021-141429","key":"B31","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Mondal","volume":"99","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis following recovery from COVID-19 infection: novel clinical findings from an Eastern Indian cohort","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s12020-021-02841-8","key":"B32","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Pirola","volume":"74","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Incidence of De Quervain's thyroiditis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an area heavily affected by Sars-CoV-2 infection","journal-title":"Endocrine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3803/ENM.2023.1711","key":"B33","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Lee","volume":"38","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Beyond acute COVID-19: investigating the incidence of subacute thyroiditis in long COVID-19 in Korea","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s40618-021-01718-x","key":"B34","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Bahçecioğlu","volume":"45","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41579-022-00807-9","key":"B35","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Chow","volume":"21","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104795","key":"B36","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Redlberger-Fritz","volume":"137","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Significant impact of nationwide SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures on the circulation of other respiratory virus infections in Austria","journal-title":"J Clin Virol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.7326/M20-3026","key":"B37","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Baum","volume":"174","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Reduced in-person and increased telehealth outpatient visits during the covid-19 pandemic","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.081","key":"B38","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Baugh","volume":"46","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The cases not seen: patterns of emergency department visits and procedures in the era of COVID-19","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.3389/crossmark-policy","alternative-id":["10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314"],"article-number":"1784314","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"reference-count":38,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":38,"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","is_oa":true,"title":"COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases","updated":"2026-05-12T08:54:10+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-22","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:51:28.873Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"COVID-19","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Graves' Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"condition","value":"Subacute Thyroiditis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=4,765","value_numeric":4765},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 54% reduction in SAT incidence during the pandemic may partly reflect reduced healthcare utilization rather than a true biological effect — the authors acknowledge this but cannot fully disentangle it.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The GD result (IRR 1.66) did not reach conventional significance (p=0.054); the 'possible increased incidence' framing should be interpreted with caution.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The interrupted time series method adjusts for seasonality, but unmeasured confounders (e.g., changes in screening behavior, telemedicine uptake) cannot be excluded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1784314","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is limited to a single district in southern Israel (Clalit Health Services); ethnic, geographic, and healthcare-system differences may limit broader applicability.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This population-based retrospective cohort study used interrupted time series analysis to compare incidence rates of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), Graves' Disease (GD), and Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) in adults (≥16 years) before (Jan 2018–Feb 2020) and during (Mar 2020–Dec 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on data from the Clalit Health Services southern district of Israel (n=4,765 incident cases).","key_result":"HT incidence rose significantly by 30% during the pandemic (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.64, p=0.023), beginning before the national vaccination campaign. GD showed a non-significant upward trend (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 0.99–2.79, p=0.054). SAT incidence fell significantly by 54% (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.99, p=0.049).","limitations":"- Single-region, single-payer database limits generalizability to other populations and healthcare systems.\n- Retrospective design with case identification relying on ICD-9 codes, labs, and medication data introduces potential misclassification.\n- Cannot fully separate the effects of COVID-19 infection, vaccination, or pandemic-related healthcare disruptions (e.g., reduced SAT diagnoses due to fewer clinic visits).","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should maintain a heightened index of suspicion for new-onset HT in patients with recent COVID-19 exposure. The unexpected drop in SAT diagnoses likely reflects pandemic-era healthcare access barriers rather than true disease reduction, so patients with neck pain and thyrotoxic symptoms post-COVID warrant active evaluation."}}],"initialOffset":1,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Hashimoto's Thyroiditis"}}}]]

Papers