2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T5ec,Patients diagnosed with cancer are at risk of viral reactivation, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the risk varies significantly with underlying malignancy and treatment regimen. We review the latest evidence for antiviral prophylaxis strategies, focusing on novel immune therapies and future directions. Antiviral prophylaxis is indicated for all high-risk patients. The approval of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis has significantly reduced the burden of clinically significant infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) recipients, and recent data now supports use up to 200 days posttransplant. For intermediate-risk regimens such as myeloma therapies and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHCT), antiviral prophylaxis is also a cornerstone of VZV prevention. Newer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies are increasingly available; while HSV/VZV prophylaxis has been incorporated into trial and real-world treatment protocols, optimal duration is unclear and data on CMV reactivation is still emerging. Solid tumours are a lower risk cohort, but high-dose steroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy can increase the risk of viral reactivation and, therefore, close clinical monitoring is warranted. As the cancer treatment landscape evolves, ongoing research into optimal antiviral prophylaxis approaches is necessary to improve patient outcomes.31:T7ab, Purpose of review Patients diagnosed with cancer are at risk of viral reactivation, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the risk varies significantly with underlying malignancy and treatment regimen. We review the latest evidence for antiviral prophylaxis strategies, focusing on novel immune therapies and future directions. Recent findings Antiviral prophylaxis is indicated for all high-risk patients. The approval of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis has significantly reduced the burden of clinically significant infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) recipients, and recent data now supports use up to 200 days posttransplant. For intermediate-risk regimens such as myeloma therapies and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHCT), antiviral prophylaxis is also a cornerstone of VZV prevention. Newer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies are increasingly available; while HSV/VZV prophylaxis has been incorporated into trial and real-world treatment protocols, optimal duration is unclear and data on CMV reactivation is still emerging. Solid tumours are a lower risk cohort, but high-dose steroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy can increase the risk of viral reactivation and, therefore, close clinical monitoring is warranted. Summary As the cancer treatment landscape evolves, ongoing research into optimal antiviral prophylaxis approaches is necessary to improve patient outcomes. 32:T440,Tau is a microtubule-associated cytoskeletal protein, which, when hyperphosphorylated and aggregated, can result in a myriad of different tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously showed that the principal component of senile plaques, amyloid beta (Aβ), is an antimicrobial peptide capable of binding and entrapping microbial pathogens. Here we show that tau is hyperphosphorylated in neurons in response to viral infection and can neutralize herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infectivity by directly binding to viral capsids. Our data suggest that the 'pathogenic' characteristics of tau hyperphosphorylation, microtubule destabilization and aggregation are part of an antiviral response, in which tau serves as a host defense protein in the innate immune system of the brain. The combined antimicrobial activities of Aβ and phosphorylated tau resulting in Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with neuroinflammation, suggest that AD neuropathology may have evolved as an orchestrated innate immune host defense response to microbial infection in the brain.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Herpes%20Simplex%20Virus%20Infection\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Conditions\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Herpes%20Simplex%20Virus%20Infection\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Discover peer-reviewed research on Herpes Simplex Virus Infection with concise clinician summaries and next-step guidance.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","pmid":null,"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Pritelivir Versus Foscarnet for the Treatment of Acyclovir-Refractory Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Adults: A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Trial","journal_title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"2328-8957","published_at":"2026-08-31T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag539","source_score":9,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-11T06:20:10.012Z","updated_at":"2026-09-11T06:20:10.012Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"condition","value":"Acyclovir-Refractory HSV","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"generic","value":"foscarnet","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"generic","value":"pritelivir","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antiviral","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"modality","value":"Helicase-Primase Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=30","value_numeric":30},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"warning","value":"Part B had no comparator arm (single-arm pritelivir), so conclusions from that cohort are observational only.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"warning","value":"Pritelivir is investigational and not currently approved; availability outside clinical trials is limited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"warning","value":"The foscarnet arm median time to healing was not estimable, which severely limits interpretation of the primary endpoint comparison.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag539","tag_type":"warning","value":"The trial is open-label and very small (total n=30 across both parts), making results exploratory and not definitive. All efficacy differences were non-significant. Results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating for Phase 3.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"PRIOH-1 compared oral pritelivir (400 mg load, then 100 mg daily) vs. IV foscarnet (40 mg/kg q8h or 60 mg/kg q12h) for up to 28 days in immunocompromised adults with acyclovir-refractory HSV (Part A, n=22); a separate arm (Part B, n=8) gave pritelivir to patients refractory/intolerant to foscarnet.","key_result":"In Part A, median time to lesion healing was 26.0 days with pritelivir vs. not estimable with foscarnet (HR 2.7, 95% CI 0.33–21.8; p=0.34); investigator-assessed healing rates were 93% vs. 57% (difference +36.2%, 95% CI −10.1 to 74.1; p=0.077). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 60% of pritelivir patients vs. 100% of foscarnet patients, with fewer serious events in the pritelivir group. In Part B, median time to healing was 19.0 days with a 63% healing rate.","limitations":"- Very small sample (n=22 Part A, n=8 Part B); the trial was underpowered to detect statistically significant differences.\n- Open-label design introduces assessment bias, particularly for subjective endpoints like lesion healing.\n- Foscarnet median time to healing was not estimable, limiting direct comparison of the primary endpoint.","practice_takeaway":"For immunocompromised patients with acyclovir-refractory HSV, oral pritelivir showed a numerically higher healing rate and a better tolerability profile than IV foscarnet, though differences were not statistically significant in this small Phase 2 trial. Pritelivir should be considered an emerging option pending Phase 3 confirmation, especially for patients who cannot tolerate foscarnet."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","pmid":"42457453","title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2026 Guidelines","journal_title":"European Urology","journal_issn":"0302-2838","published_at":"2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":null,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":false},"created_at":"2026-07-21T13:34:33.271Z","updated_at":"2026-07-21T13:34:33.271Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"category","value":"Urology & Nephrology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Fungal Urinary Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Male Accessory Gland Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Urinary Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antimicrobial Stewardship","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Clinical Practice Guideline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned reflects the guideline's methodology (systematic literature review across multiple databases), not a single clinical trial.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper was published just days ago (July 15, 2026); specific recommendation details are not available in the abstract and full-text review would be needed for granular clinical application.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a guideline summary article, not a primary research study — no original patient data, sample sizes, or effect sizes are available.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"The 2026 EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections provide evidence-based recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and male accessory gland infections, with a focus on antimicrobial stewardship and infection control. Literature was sourced from Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.","key_result":"Key updates include a restructured classification framework for UTIs, new chapters on Herpes simplex virus and fungal UTIs, and updated evidence on periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis for prostate biopsy. Recommendations cover antibiotic selection, dosing, and duration based on current evidence.","limitations":"This is a summary/guideline document rather than a primary study, so no original patient-level data or effect sizes are reported. Recommendations depend on the quality and recency of the underlying evidence base, which is not detailed in this abstract.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should apply the updated EAU UTI classification system and antimicrobial stewardship principles when managing urological infections. New guidance on HSV and fungal UTIs, plus revised prostate biopsy prophylaxis recommendations, should be integrated into clinical protocols."}},{"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","pmid":null,"title":"BG10 Herpes simplex virus infection in bullous pemphigoid: diagnostic and management implications","journal_title":"British Journal of Dermatology","journal_issn":"0007-0963","published_at":"2026-06-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-06T13:36:18.221Z","updated_at":"2026-07-06T13:36:18.221Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bullous Pemphigoid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"generic","value":"aciclovir","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antiviral Agent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"modality","value":"Systemic Corticosteroid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2","value_numeric":2},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Case Series","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 2-week antiviral course recommendation is attributed to 'emerging evidence' cited by the authors but not detailed within this abstract — the underlying data quality is unclear.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"warning","value":"The distinction between true HSV reactivation and occult HSV colonization of affected skin is acknowledged as unresolved by the authors.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljag086.427","tag_type":"warning","value":"Very small case series (n=2); findings and management recommendations should be interpreted with caution and cannot be generalized without larger studies.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Two cases of extensive, severe bullous pemphigoid (BP) complicated by concomitant HSV-1 infection, examining the diagnostic utility of early lesion swabbing and outcomes with combined antiviral and systemic corticosteroid therapy.","key_result":"Both patients improved with antiviral therapy plus systemic corticosteroids; one patient with persistent HSV-1 positivity on cutaneous swabs required long-term aciclovir prophylaxis. Emerging evidence cited supports a prolonged antiviral course of up to 2 weeks over the standard 5-day regimen for complete viral eradication.","limitations":"Only two cases reported, limiting generalizability; difficulty distinguishing HSV reactivation from occult colonization of affected skin and mucosa; no controlled comparison of antiviral regimen durations within this report.","practice_takeaway":"Maintain a high index of suspicion for HSV-1 co-infection in patients with extensive BP, especially before starting immunosuppressive therapy — swab lesions early and consider a 2-week antiviral course rather than the standard 5 days. In difficult-to-treat cases with persistent HSV-1 positivity, long-term aciclovir prophylaxis alongside BP treatment may be warranted."}},{"doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","pmid":"42068587","title":"Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer","journal_title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"0951-7375","published_at":"2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","source_score":30,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-08","doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","days":"7","issn":"0951-7375","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"30","category":"Infectious Diseases","categories":["Infectious Diseases"],"_categories":["Infectious Diseases"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198","title":"Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer.","journal":"Current opinion in infectious diseases","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"$30","keywords":["antivirals","cytomegalovirus","herpesviruses","malignancy","prophylaxis"],"pubmed_id":"42068587","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-03T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","ISSN":["0951-7375","1473-6527"],"link":[{"URL":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer"],"author":[{"given":"Alice J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Service"}]},{"given":"Violet Z.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"}]},{"given":"Michelle K.","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Service"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"member":"276","prefix":"10.1097","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:00:08Z","timestamp":1777752008000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:04:30Z","timestamp":1777946670663,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:00:21Z","timestamp":1777752021000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0951-7375"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-6527"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1080/21505594.2021.1982373","key":"R1-20260502","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Zhu","volume":"12","first-page":"2670","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pathogenesis and virulence of herpes simplex virus","journal-title":"Virulence","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102868","key":"R2-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Yang","volume":"18","first-page":"102868","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of varicella-zoster infections in adults aged 70 years and older from 1997 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/rmv.2034","key":"R3-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Zuhair","volume":"29","first-page":"e2034","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/ciz1090","key":"R4-20260502","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"McKay","volume":"71","first-page":"e125","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Herpes Zoster risk in immunocompromised adults in the United States: a systematic review","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00277-021-04746-y","key":"R5-20260502","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Henze","volume":"101","first-page":"491","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Management of herpesvirus reactivations in patients with solid tumours and hematologic malignancies: update of the Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) on herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and varicella zoster virus","journal-title":"Ann Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1386-6532(10)70002-0","key":"R6-20260502","year":"2010","issue":"(Suppl 1)","author":"Gershon","volume":"48","first-page":"S2","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of herpes zoster","journal-title":"J Clin Virol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s40121-017-0180-z","key":"R7-20260502","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Styczynski","volume":"7","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Who is the patient at risk of CMV recurrence: a review of the current scientific evidence with a focus on hematopoietic cell transplantation","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/ciae321","key":"R8-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Ljungman","volume":"79","first-page":"787","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Consensus definitions of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in transplant patients including resistant and refractory CMV for use in clinical trials: 2024 update from the transplant associated virus infections forum","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"R9-20260502","year":"1991","issue":null,"author":"Balfour","volume":"80","first-page":"69","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus infections in the immunocompromised host. Natural history and treatment","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa1706640","key":"R10-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Marty","volume":"377","first-page":"2433","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Letermovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic-cell transplantation","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001065","key":"R11-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Zhu","volume":"37","first-page":"536","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The emergence of letermovir and maribavir drug-resistant mutations: from clinical trials to real-world studies","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00069-6","key":"R13-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Ljungman","volume":"25","first-page":"e451","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Recommendations from the 10th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia for the management of cytomegalovirus in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation and other T-cell-engaging therapies","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.6004/jnccn.2024.0056","key":"R14-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Baden","volume":"22","first-page":"617","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1200/JCO.18.00374","key":"R15-20260502","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Taplitz","volume":"36","first-page":"3043","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtct.2025.06.025","key":"R17-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Khawaja","volume":"31","first-page":"727","unstructured":null,"article-title":"American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series #11: updated cytomegalovirus guidelines in hematopoietic cell transplant and cellular therapy recipients","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00277-020-04297-8","key":"R18-20260502","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Christopeit","volume":"100","first-page":"321","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2020 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)","journal-title":"Ann Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/annonc/mdi238","key":"R19-20260502","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"Krüger","volume":"16","first-page":"1381","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Haematology and Oncology","journal-title":"Ann Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00159-6","key":"R20-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Ludwig","volume":"24","first-page":"e255","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevention and management of adverse events during treatment with bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells in multiple myeloma: a consensus report of the European Myeloma Network","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41408-023-00879-7","key":"R21-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Raje","volume":"13","first-page":"116","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections in patients with MM receiving bispecific antibody therapy: consensus recommendations from an expert panel","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.14157","key":"R22-20260502","year":"2023","issue":"(Suppl 1)","author":"Kampouri","volume":"25","first-page":"e14157","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infections after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies","journal-title":"Transplant infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/cncr.32926","key":"R23-20260502","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Shimizuguchi","volume":"126","first-page":"3552","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Radiation therapy and the risk of herpes zoster in patients with cancer","journal-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/ijc.35155","key":"R24-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Okada","volume":"156","first-page":"293","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association between immune checkpoint inhibitor and cytomegalovirus infection: a pharmacovigilance study based on the adverse event reporting system","journal-title":"Int J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-773","key":"R25-20260502","year":"1983","issue":null,"author":"Saral","volume":"99","first-page":"773","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus infection in patients with leukemia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood-2005-09-3624","key":"R26-20260502","year":"2006","issue":null,"author":"Boeckh","volume":"107","first-page":"1800","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Long-term acyclovir for prevention of varicella zoster virus disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation--a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/bjc.1989.88","key":"R27-20260502","year":"1989","issue":null,"author":"Selby","volume":"59","first-page":"434","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The prophylactic role of intravenous and long-term oral acyclovir after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","journal-title":"Br J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2470733","key":"R28-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Ohkubo","volume":"41","first-page":"461","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Clinical burden of late-onset, clinically significant CMV infection beyond 100 days in allo-HSCT patients after letermovir prophylaxis","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ofid/ofac687","key":"R29-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Vyas","volume":"10","first-page":"ofac687","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Real-world outcomes associated with letermovir use for cytomegalovirus primary prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00344-7","key":"R30-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Russo","volume":"11","first-page":"e127","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Efficacy and safety of extended duration letermovir prophylaxis in recipients of haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation at risk of cytomegalovirus infection: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ofid/ofae422","key":"R31-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Khawaja","volume":"11","first-page":"ofae422","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegaloviral infections in recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an observational study with focus on oncologic outcomes","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00277-023-05542-6","key":"R32-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Brusosa","volume":"103","first-page":"609","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Impact of letermovir prophylaxis in CMV reactivation and disease after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a real-world, observational study","journal-title":"Ann Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.001","key":"R33-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Febres-Aldana","volume":"30","first-page":"803","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mortality in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in the era of cytomegalovirus primary prophylaxis: a single-centre retrospective experience","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtct.2024.09.009","key":"R34-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Muhsen","volume":"30","first-page":"1193.e1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Efficacy of letermovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis following alemtuzumab T-cell depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.12.002","key":"R35-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Okada","volume":"31","first-page":"102573","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Effectiveness of letermovir in preventing cytomegalovirus reactivation after cord blood transplantation","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/17474086.2025.2509876","key":"R36-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Wlodarczyk","volume":"18","first-page":"561","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Benefits of primary prophylaxis with letermovir in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106220","key":"R37-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Hopff","volume":"89","first-page":"106220","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Real-world experience with letermovir for cytomegalovirus-prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a multicentre observational study","journal-title":"Journal of Infection","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.70008","key":"R38-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Hosoi","volume":"27","first-page":"e70008","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Reduction in length of hospital stays for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the letermovir era","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtct.2025.01.883","key":"R39-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Kawamura","volume":"31","first-page":"184.e1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Risk-adapted letermovir prophylaxis based on a scoring system predicting a higher burden of cytomegalovirus exposure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jama.2019.9053","key":"R41-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Bastidas","volume":"322","first-page":"123","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Effect of recombinant Zoster vaccine on incidence of Herpes Zoster after autologous stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial","journal-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/ciaf473","key":"R42-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Shetty","volume":"81","first-page":"e446","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Transient increased risk of shingles post-Shingrix vaccination: self-controlled case-series analysis","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00277-013-1913-z","key":"R43-20260502","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"Truong","volume":"93","first-page":"677","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Impact of the duration of antiviral prophylaxis on rates of varicella-zoster virus reactivation disease in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients","journal-title":"Ann Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jinf.2015.11.005","key":"R44-20260502","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"Mengarelli","volume":"72","first-page":"265","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prospective surveillance vs clinically driven approach for CMV reactivation after autologous stem cell transplant","journal-title":"J Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1399-3062.2005.000111.x","key":"R45-20260502","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"Rossini","volume":"7","first-page":"122","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: incidence and outcome in a group of patients undergoing a surveillance program","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41409-025-02624-z","key":"R46-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Liberatore","volume":"60","first-page":"1181","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection after autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma exposed to daratumumab","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00277-025-06344-8","key":"R47-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"An","volume":"104","first-page":"2593","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Alemtuzumab for haematological malignancies","journal-title":"Ann Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05789.x","key":"R48-20260502","year":"2006","issue":null,"author":"Thursky","volume":"132","first-page":"3","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Spectrum of infection, risk and recommendations for prophylaxis and screening among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders treated with alemtuzumab","journal-title":"Br J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3109/10428194.2012.659735","key":"R49-20260502","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"Kim","volume":"53","first-page":"1515","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Nonbacterial infections in Asian patients treated with alemtuzumab: a retrospective study of the Asian Lymphoma Study Group","journal-title":"Leukemia Lymphoma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00684.x","key":"R50-20260502","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"Djuric","volume":"38","first-page":"167","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of oral herpes simplex virus reactivation in cancer patients: a comparison of different techniques of viral detection","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/10428194.2020.1838507","key":"R51-20260502","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Freyer","volume":"62","first-page":"696","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Herpes zoster during arsenic trioxide therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ejca.2009.08.010","key":"R52-20260502","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"Yahav","volume":"45","first-page":"3131","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Antiviral prophylaxis in haematological patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa1614359","key":"R53-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Stone","volume":"377","first-page":"454","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Midostaurin plus chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood-2013-01-466706","key":"R54-20260502","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"Petersdorf","volume":"121","first-page":"4854","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A phase 3 study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin during induction and postconsolidation therapy in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia","journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood-2018-08-868752","key":"R55-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"DiNardo","volume":"133","first-page":"7","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Venetoclax combined with decitabine or azacitidine in treatment-naive, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia","journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/hematolrep14030029","key":"R56-20260502","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Bankur","volume":"14","first-page":"213","unstructured":null,"article-title":"CMV colitis: a rare complication of azacitidine and venetoclax chemotherapy","journal-title":"Hematol Rep","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1155/2011/616725","key":"R57-20260502","year":"2011","issue":null,"author":"Khan","volume":"22","first-page":"e21","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus colitis following azacitidine therapy","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02761.x","key":"R58-20260502","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"Berges","volume":"124","first-page":"234","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Proteasome inhibition suppresses essential immune functions of human CD4+ T cells","journal-title":"Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/jjco/hyq194","key":"R59-20260502","year":"2011","issue":null,"author":"Kim","volume":"41","first-page":"353","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Low-dose acyclovir is effective for prevention of herpes zoster in myeloma patients treated with bortezomib: a report from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP) Retrospective Study","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3816/CLM.2008.n.031","key":"R60-20260502","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"Kim","volume":"8","first-page":"237","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bortezomib and the increased incidence of herpes zoster in patients with multiple myeloma","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9641","key":"R61-20260502","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"Chanan-Khan","volume":"26","first-page":"4784","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-treated patients in the phase III APEX study","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3816/CLM.2009.n.036","key":"R62-20260502","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"Pour","volume":"9","first-page":"151","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus prophylaxis with low-dose acyclovir in patients with multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3324/haematol.2013.089334","key":"R63-20260502","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"David","volume":"98","first-page":"1753","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Integrated safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib: experience from 526 patients enrolled in 4 phase II clinical studies","journal-title":"Haematologica","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ejh.13366","key":"R64-20260502","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Sharpley","volume":"104","first-page":"230","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus reactivation after bortezomib treatment for multiple myeloma and light chain amyloidosis","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41392-023-01469-6","key":"R65-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Shyam Sunder","volume":"8","first-page":"262","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/ajh.24976","key":"R66-20260502","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Lussana","volume":"93","first-page":"339","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Ruxolitinib-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Am J Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/hon.2509","key":"R67-20260502","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Polverelli","volume":"36","first-page":"561","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Epidemiology, outcome, and risk factors for infectious complications in myelofibrosis patients receiving ruxolitinib: a multicenter study on 446 patients","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1177/20503121251348420","key":"R68-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Tanaka","volume":"13","first-page":"20503121251348420","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Analysis of adverse events with ruxolitinib using real-world datasets and drug-interaction networks","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/10428194.2016.1267352","key":"R69-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Giridhar","volume":"58","first-page":"1973","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disseminated herpes zoster in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients treated with B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.idcr.2016.10.003","key":"R70-20260502","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"Chen","volume":"6","first-page":"79","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Concurrent Ramsay Hunt syndrome and disseminated herpes zoster in a patient with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia","journal-title":"IDCases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.blre.2024.101180","key":"R71-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Mikulska","volume":"65","first-page":"101180","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevention and management of infectious complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors, focus on current guidelines","journal-title":"Blood Rev","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"R72-20260502","year":"2003","issue":null,"author":"Mattiuzzi","volume":"9","first-page":"976","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Development of Varicella-Zoster virus infection in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"R73-20260502","year":"2015","issue":"(Suppl 3)","author":"Reinwald","volume":"10","first-page":"55","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Risk of infectious complications in hemato-oncological patients treated with kinase inhibitors","journal-title":"Biomark Insights","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.009","key":"R74-20260502","year":"2018","issue":"(Suppl 2)","author":"Reinwald","volume":"24","first-page":"S53","unstructured":null,"article-title":"ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Intracellular signaling pathways: tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors)","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1177/20406207241291736","key":"R75-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Sanchez-Paz","volume":"15","first-page":"20406207241291736","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia: an early clinical presentation of cytomegalovirus-induced hemorrhagic colitis in chronic myeloid leukemia patients under dasatinib treatment","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjh.18655","key":"R76-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"de la Asuncion Carlos","volume":"200","first-page":"e58","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Immunobiology of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with haematological malignancies undergoing treatment with small molecule inhibitors","journal-title":"Br J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"R77-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Osaki","volume":"53","first-page":"158","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dasatinib-induced cytomegalovirus reactivation induces earlier molecular response in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia without improvement of transplant outcome","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.3947/ic.2018.50.2.153","key":"R78-20260502","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Choi","volume":"50","first-page":"153","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus colitis during dasatinib treatment for patients with hematologic malignancy: case series and literature review","journal-title":"Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/cix325","key":"R79-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Prestes","volume":"65","first-page":"510","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dasatinib use and risk of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtct.2023.07.002","key":"R80-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Kanate","volume":"29","first-page":"594","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Updated indications for immune effector cell therapy: 2023 guidelines from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjh.18909","key":"R81-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Mohan","volume":"203","first-page":"736","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Recommendations on prevention of infections during chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma","journal-title":"Br J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtct.2024.07.018","key":"R82-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Shahid","volume":"30","first-page":"955","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Best practice considerations by the American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy: infection prevention and management after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for hematological malignancies","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.annonc.2021.12.003","key":"R83-20260502","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Hayden","volume":"33","first-page":"259","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Management of adults and children receiving CAR T-cell therapy: 2021 best practice recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE) and the European Haematology Association (EHA)","journal-title":"Ann Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1097/CJI.0000000000000388","key":"R84-20260502","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Heldman","volume":"44","first-page":"2351","unstructured":null,"article-title":"CMV and HSV pneumonia after immunosuppressive agents for treatment of cytokine release syndrome due to chimeric antigen receptor–modified T (CAR-T)-cell immunotherapy","journal-title":"J Immunother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320814","key":"R85-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Mumtaz","volume":"107","first-page":"901","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Ocular adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a case series and review","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2024015346","key":"R86-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Riedel","volume":"9","first-page":"3149","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Immunological consequences of CAR T-cell therapy: an analysis of infectious complications and immune reconstitution","journal-title":"Blood Adv","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00262-025-03998-1","key":"R87-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Xu","volume":"74","first-page":"149","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infectious complications distribution following CLL1 CAR-T cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemias","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s12185-025-04023-y","key":"R88-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Hayashino","volume":"122","first-page":"689","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","journal-title":"Int J Hematol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.70138","key":"R89-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Han","volume":"27","first-page":"e70138","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy or bispecific antibody treatment for hematologic malignancies","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/ciad708","key":"R90-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Kampouri","volume":"78","first-page":"1022","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"R91-20260502","year":"2025","issue":"(16 Suppl)","author":"Khan","volume":"43","first-page":"e1121","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Predictors and clinical outcomes of CMV reactivation in CAR-T therapy: a systematic review","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1200/EDBK-25-473148","key":"R92-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Guidi","volume":"45","first-page":"e473148","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bispecific antibodies in hematologic and solid tumors: current landscape and therapeutic advances","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012916","key":"R93-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Reynolds","volume":"8","first-page":"3555","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infections in patients with lymphoma treated with bispecific antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Blood Adv","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010539","key":"R94-20260502","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Reynolds","volume":"7","first-page":"5898","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infections following bispecific antibodies in myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","journal-title":"Blood Adv","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood.2023022432","key":"R95-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Crombie","volume":"143","first-page":"1565","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Consensus recommendations on the management of toxicity associated with CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody therapy","journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00043-3","key":"R96-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Rodriguez-Otero","volume":"25","first-page":"e205","unstructured":null,"article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group immunotherapy committee consensus guidelines and recommendations for optimal use of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"R97-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Cani","volume":"111","first-page":"656","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infection risk in 158 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with bispecific antibodies: a single-center experience","journal-title":"Haematologica","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102851","key":"R98-20260502","year":"2026","issue":null,"author":"Kitamura","volume":"32","first-page":"102851","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus reactivation with severe lymphopenia during elranatamab treatment: a case series in patients with triple-class refractory multiple myeloma","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12885-016-2255-8","key":"R99-20260502","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"Saito","volume":"16","first-page":"233","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis induced by chemoradiotherapy and steroids in an esophageal cancer patient: a case report","journal-title":"BMC Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01978","key":"R100-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Patamatamkul","volume":"36","first-page":"e01978","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disseminated herpes simplex virus type 1 infection manifested as extensive oral ulcers, pneumonitis, and ileo-colitis in a neutropenic patient postchemotherapy for osteosarcoma","journal-title":"IDCases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000334739","key":"R101-20260502","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"Kim","volume":"82","first-page":"126","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Varicella Zoster virus infection during chemotherapy in solid cancer patients","journal-title":"Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/hematology.2020000116","key":"R102-20260502","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Malpica","volume":"2020","first-page":"319","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Practical approach to monitoring and prevention of infectious complications associated with systemic corticosteroids, antimetabolites, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide in nonmalignant hematologic diseases","journal-title":"Hematology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1097/CMR.0000000000000981","key":"R103-20260502","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Indini","volume":"34","first-page":"386","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus gastritis as a rare adverse event during combined ipilimumab and nivolumab in a patient with melanoma","journal-title":"Melanoma Res","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/bcr-2025-265250","key":"R104-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Harper","volume":"18","first-page":"e265250","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomegalovirus hepatitis after treatment with dostarlimab for colorectal cancer","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.14309/crj.0000000000001569","key":"R105-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Gautam","volume":"12","first-page":"e01569","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Double whammy: a case report of immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis and concomitant cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient on nivolumab","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep J","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s13045-020-00977-0","key":"R106-20260502","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Huang","volume":"13","first-page":"143","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for solid tumors in the past 20 years (2001–2020)","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.18632/oncotarget.14707","key":"R107-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Wang","volume":"8","first-page":"29406","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Incidence and risk of infections associated with EGFR-TKIs in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","journal-title":"Oncotarget","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.4143/crt.2017.491","key":"R108-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Choi","volume":"51","first-page":"169","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The risk of Herpes Zoster in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer according to chemotherapy regimens: tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus cytotoxic chemotherapy","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/annonc/mdz198","key":"R109-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Mayer","volume":"30","first-page":"1514","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A phase II feasibility study of palbociclib in combination with adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive invasive breast carcinoma","journal-title":"Ann Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1177/1758835919833867","key":"R110-20260502","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Bellet","volume":"11","first-page":"1758835919833867","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Palbociclib and ribociclib in breast cancer: consensus workshop on the management of concomitant medication","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00520-016-3477-7","key":"R111-20260502","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Elad","volume":"25","first-page":"687","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A systematic review of oral herpetic viral infections in cancer patients: commonly used outcome measures and interventions","journal-title":"Supportive Care in Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-101289","key":"R113-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Caston","volume":"15","first-page":"e101289","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Impact of CMV-specific immune reconstitution at the end of letermovir prophylaxis on the development of late cytomegalovirus infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (INMUNOEND): a protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre study","journal-title":"BMJ Open","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cmi.2025.04.011","key":"R116-20260502","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Bussini","volume":"31","first-page":"1234","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Successful treatment and secondary prophylaxis with pritelivir for a recurrent multidrug-resistant herpes simplex virus 1 infection in an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1097/lww.0000000000001000","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"],"reference-count":110,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":110,"short-container-title":[],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","is_oa":false,"title":"Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer","updated":"2026-05-06T13:23:02+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-15","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-05-10T13:20:41.974Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"brand","value":"Prevymis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cytomegalovirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"condition","value":"Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"generic","value":"letermovir","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antiviral Prophylaxis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"modality","value":"Bispecific Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"modality","value":"CAR T-Cell Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"modality","value":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group tagged as 'adult' based on typical oncology/transplant populations described; pediatric patients are not explicitly addressed in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"warning","value":"Letermovir brand name 'Prevymis' inferred from clinical knowledge; not explicitly stated in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full article text was not accessible — only the abstract was retrieved. All summary content is derived from the abstract alone; specific study data, patient populations, and outcome numbers were not verifiable.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","tag_type":"warning","value":"The PDF content extracted appears to be a Lippincott author permissions document, not the article itself, suggesting the full text was unavailable or incorrectly attached.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review evaluates antiviral prophylaxis strategies against HSV, VZV, and CMV in cancer patients, with a focus on novel immune therapies including CAR T-cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and evolving regimens for alloHCT, autoHCT, and solid tumors.","key_result":"Letermovir has significantly reduced clinically significant CMV infections in alloHCT recipients, with recent data supporting extended use up to 200 days post-transplant; HSV/VZV prophylaxis is now standard in CAR T-cell and bispecific antibody protocols, though optimal duration remains undefined and CMV reactivation data in these settings is still emerging.","limitations":"The full text of the article was not extractable — only the abstract was available; specific study-level data, patient numbers, and comparative outcomes could not be verified from the source. This is a narrative review, so the level of evidence is inherently lower than a systematic review or meta-analysis.","practice_takeaway":"Extend letermovir CMV prophylaxis to 200 days post-alloHCT when supported by institutional protocols, and incorporate HSV/VZV prophylaxis into CAR T-cell and bispecific antibody regimens. Monitor solid tumor patients closely for viral reactivation when high-dose steroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or radiotherapy are used."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","pmid":"41408481","title":"Phosphorylated tau exhibits antimicrobial activity capable of neutralizing herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity in human neurons","journal_title":"Nature Neuroscience","journal_issn":"1097-6256","published_at":"2025-12-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","source_score":343,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-17","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","days":"30","issn":"1097-6256","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"343","category":"Neurosciences","categories":["Neurosciences"],"_categories":["Neurosciences"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","title":"Phosphorylated tau exhibits antimicrobial activity capable of neutralizing herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity in human neurons.","journal":"Nature neuroscience","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"$32","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41408481","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","ISSN":["1097-6256","1546-1726"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02157-0.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02157-0","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02157-0.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Phosphorylated tau exhibits antimicrobial activity capable of neutralizing herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity in human neurons"],"author":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Eimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"DeFao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Ehricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deepak K.","family":"Vijaya Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nanda K.","family":"Navalpur Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Moir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rudolph E.","family":"Tanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000049","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging","award":["1R01AG061035-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AG061035-01"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100007625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100007625","name":"Cure Alzheimer's Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1038","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:03:41Z","timestamp":1765965821000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:11:15Z","timestamp":1765966275797,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02157-0"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"24 July 2024"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"28 October 2025"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":3,"value":"17 December 2025"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"},"order":1,"value":"The authors declare no competing interests."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:03:49Z","timestamp":1765965829000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1097-6256"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1546-1726"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1172/JCI24761","key":"2157_CR1","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"L Bertram","volume":"115","first-page":"1449","unstructured":"Bertram, L. & Tanzi, R. E. The genetic epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 1449–1457 (2005).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1083/jcb.103.6.2739","key":"2157_CR2","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Drubin, D. G. & Kirshner, M. W. Tau protein function in living cells. J. Cell Biol. 103, 2739–2746 (1986).","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/0896-6273(89)90210-9","key":"2157_CR3","year":"1989","issue":null,"author":"M Goedert","volume":"3","first-page":"519","unstructured":"Goedert, M., Spillantini, M. G., Jakes, R., Rutherford, D. & Crowther, R. A. Multiple isoforms of human microtubule-associated protein tau: sequences and localization in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 3, 519–526 (1989).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Neuron","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/alz.12452","key":"2157_CR4","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"C Sexton","volume":"18","first-page":"988","unstructured":"Sexton, C. et al. Current directions in tau research: highlights from Tau 2020. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 988–1007 (2022).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1021/acsomega.9b03035","key":"2157_CR5","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"N Kumar","volume":"4","first-page":"21370","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Sood, D., Tomar, R. & Chandra, R. Antimicrobial peptide designing and optimization employing large-scale flexibility analysis of protein-peptide fragments. ACS Omega 4, 21370–21380 (2019).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"ACS Omega","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01179","key":"2157_CR6","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Z Ba","volume":"67","first-page":"18807","unstructured":"Ba, Z. et al. Phosphorylation as an effective tool to improve stability and reduce toxicity of antimicrobial peptides. J. Med. Chem. 67, 18807–18827 (2024).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Med. Chem.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.actbio.2024.12.002","key":"2157_CR7","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"P Chen","volume":"192","first-page":"446","unstructured":"Chen, P. et al. Aggregation-prone antimicrobial peptides target gram-negative bacterial nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Acta Biomater. 192, 446–460 (2025).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Acta Biomater.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.2174/138161209788682325","key":"2157_CR8","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"G Diamond","volume":"15","first-page":"2377","unstructured":"Diamond, G., Beckloff, N., Weinberg, A. & Kisich, K. O. The roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense. Curr. Pharm. Des. 15, 2377–2392 (2009).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1172/JCI114394","key":"2157_CR9","year":"1989","issue":null,"author":"MC Territo","volume":"84","first-page":"2017","unstructured":"Territo, M. C., Ganz, T., Selsted, M. E. & Lehrer, R. Monocyte-chemotactic activity of defensins from human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest. 84, 2017–2020 (1989).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.030","key":"2157_CR10","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"WA Eimer","volume":"99","first-page":"56","unstructured":"Eimer, W. A. et al. Alzheimer’s disease-associated β-amyloid is rapidly seeded by herpesviridae to protect against brain infection. Neuron 99, 56–63 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Neuron","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1059","key":"2157_CR11","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"DKV Kumar","volume":"8","first-page":"340ra72","unstructured":"Kumar, D. K. V. et al. Amyloid-β peptide protects against microbial infection in mouse and worm models of Alzheimer’s disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 340ra72 (2016).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0101364","key":"2157_CR12","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"MR White","volume":"9","first-page":"e101364","unstructured":"White, M. R. et al. Alzheimer’s associated β-amyloid protein inhibits influenza A virus and modulates viral interactions with phagocytes. PLoS ONE 9, e101364 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"PLoS ONE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10522-014-9538-8","key":"2157_CR13","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"K Bourgade","volume":"16","first-page":"85","unstructured":"Bourgade, K. et al. β-Amyloid peptides display protective activity against the human Alzheimer’s disease-associated herpes simplex virus-1. Biogerontology 16, 85–98 (2015).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biogerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3040","key":"2157_CR14","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"RD Moir","volume":"14","first-page":"1602","unstructured":"Moir, R. D., Lathe, R. & Tanzi, R. E. The antimicrobial protection hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 14, 1602–1614 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nature13800","key":"2157_CR15","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"SH Choi","volume":"515","first-page":"274","unstructured":"Choi, S. H. et al. A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 515, 274–278 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/brain/awab134","key":"2157_CR16","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Y Zhang","volume":"144","first-page":"2759","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Amyloid-β toxicity modulates tau phosphorylation through the PAX6 signalling pathway. Brain J. Neurol. 144, 2759–2770 (2021).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/0896-6273(95)90232-5","key":"2157_CR17","year":"1995","issue":null,"author":"J Busciglio","volume":"14","first-page":"879","unstructured":"Busciglio, J., Lorenzo, A., Yeh, J. & Yankner, B. A. β-Amyloid fibrils induce tau phosphorylation and loss of microtubule binding. Neuron 14, 879–888 (1995).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Neuron","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-020-15120-3","key":"2157_CR18","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"SS Kwak","volume":"11","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Kwak, S. S. et al. Amyloid-β42/40 ratio drives tau pathology in 3D human neural cell culture models of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Commun. 11, 1377 (2020).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Commun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.0404686101","key":"2157_CR19","year":"2004","issue":null,"author":"GA Smith","volume":"101","first-page":"16034","unstructured":"Smith, G. A., Pomeranz, L., Gross, S. P. & Enquist, L. W. Local modulation of plus-end transport targets herpesvirus entry and egress in sensory axons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 16034–16039 (2004).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42989-9","key":"2157_CR20","year":"1984","issue":null,"author":"G Lindwall","volume":"259","first-page":"5301","unstructured":"Lindwall, G. & Cole, R. D. Phosphorylation affects the ability of tau protein to promote microtubule assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5301–5305 (1984).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/jnr.23003","key":"2157_CR21","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"G Alvarez","volume":"90","first-page":"1020","unstructured":"Alvarez, G., Aldudo, J., Alonso, M., Santana, S. & Valdivieso, F. Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces nuclear accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neuronal cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 90, 1020–1029 (2012).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3233/JAD-2009-0963","key":"2157_CR22","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"MA Wozniak","volume":"16","first-page":"341","unstructured":"Wozniak, M. A., Frost, A. L. & Itzhaki, R. F. Alzheimer’s disease-specific tau phosphorylation is induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Alzheimers Dis. 16, 341–350 (2009).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12974-018-1086-8","key":"2157_CR23","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"L Torres","volume":"15","first-page":"57","unstructured":"Torres, L. et al. Toxoplasma gondii alters NMDAR signaling and induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease in wild-type, C57BL/6 mice. J. Neuroinflammation 15, 57 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3233/JAD-140198","key":"2157_CR24","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"X-L Wang","volume":"43","first-page":"153","unstructured":"Wang, X.-L. et al. Helicobacter pylori filtrate induces Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation by activating glycogen synthase kinase-3β. J. Alzheimers Dis. 43, 153–165 (2015).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1126/sciadv.aau3333","key":"2157_CR25","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"SS Dominy","volume":"5","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Dominy, S. S. et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci. Adv. 5, eaau3333 (2019).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sci. Adv.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.4265/bio.13.49","key":"2157_CR26","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"N Kobayashi","volume":"13","first-page":"49","unstructured":"Kobayashi, N., Masuda, J., Kudoh, J., Shimizu, N. & Yoshida, T. Binding sites on tau proteins as components for antimicrobial peptides. Biocontrol Sci. 13, 49–56 (2008).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3233/JAD-220486","key":"2157_CR27","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"S Kanagasingam","volume":"89","first-page":"1279","unstructured":"Kanagasingam, S., von Ruhland, C., Welbury, R. & Singhrao, S. K. Antimicrobial, polarizing light, and paired helical filament properties of fragmented tau peptides of selected putative gingipains. J. Alzheimers Dis. 89, 1279–1291 (2022).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.10.005","key":"2157_CR28","year":"2011","issue":null,"author":"E Chang","volume":"1814","first-page":"388","unstructured":"Chang, E., Kim, S., Schafer, K. N. & Kuret, J. Pseudophosphorylation of tau protein directly modulates its aggregation kinetics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1814, 388–395 (2011).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1074/jbc.M112.364067","key":"2157_CR29","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"Q Zhong","volume":"287","first-page":"20711","unstructured":"Zhong, Q., Congdon, E. E., Nagaraja, H. N. & Kuret, J. Tau isoform composition influences rate and extent of filament formation. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 20711–20719 (2012).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/ijms23105463","key":"2157_CR30","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"OV Galzitskaya","volume":"23","first-page":"5463","unstructured":"Galzitskaya, O. V. et al. Amyloidogenic peptides: new class of antimicrobial peptides with the novel mechanism of activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 5463 (2022).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1003005","key":"2157_CR31","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"M Torrent","volume":"8","first-page":"e1003005","unstructured":"Torrent, M., Pulido, D., Nogués, M. V. & Boix, E. Exploring new biological functions of amyloids: bacteria cell agglutination mediated by host protein aggregation. PLoS Pathog. 8, e1003005 (2012).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"PLoS Pathog.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/mmi.13269","key":"2157_CR32","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"NG Bednarska","volume":"99","first-page":"849","unstructured":"Bednarska, N. G. et al. Protein aggregation as an antibiotic design strategy. Mol. Microbiol. 99, 849–865 (2016).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-019-10192-2","key":"2157_CR33","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"K Ezzat","volume":"10","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Ezzat, K. et al. The viral protein corona directs viral pathogenesis and amyloid aggregation. Nat. Commun. 10, 2331 (2019).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Commun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.87.21.8422","key":"2157_CR34","year":"1990","issue":null,"author":"PA Loomis","volume":"87","first-page":"8422","unstructured":"Loomis, P. A., Howard, T. H., Castleberry, R. P. & Binder, L. I. Identification of nuclear tau isoforms in human neuroblastoma cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8422–8426 (1990).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/0197-4580(95)00023-8","key":"2157_CR35","year":"1995","issue":null,"author":"RM Rady","volume":"16","first-page":"479","unstructured":"Rady, R. M., Zinkowski, R. P. & Binder, L. I. Presence of tau in isolated nuclei from human brain. Neurobiol. Aging 16, 479–486 (1995).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fneur.2020.01056","key":"2157_CR36","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"L Diez","volume":"11","first-page":"1056","unstructured":"Diez, L. & Wegmann, S. Nuclear transport deficits in tau-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front. Neurol. 11, 1056 (2020).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front. Neurol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/srep33047","key":"2157_CR37","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"Z Mansuroglu","volume":"6","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Mansuroglu, Z. et al. Loss of Tau protein affects the structure, transcription and repair of neuronal pericentromeric heterochromatin. Sci. Rep. 6, 33047 (2016).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sci. Rep.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1096/fj.15-275834","key":"2157_CR38","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"A Li","volume":"29","first-page":"4384","unstructured":"Li, A. et al. IFN-γ promotes τ phosphorylation without affecting mature tangles. FASEB J. 29, 4384–4398 (2015).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"FASEB J.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1126/sciadv.abg4980","key":"2157_CR39","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Brelstaff, J. H. et al. Microglia become hypofunctional and release metalloproteases and tau seeds when phagocytosing live neurons with P301S tau aggregates. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg4980 (2021).","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1007617","key":"2157_CR40","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"G De Chiara","volume":"15","first-page":null,"unstructured":"De Chiara, G. et al. Recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 infection induces hallmarks of neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in mice. PLoS Pathog. 15, e1007617 (2019).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"PLoS Pathog.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00144-4","key":"2157_CR41","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"PN Sipilä","volume":"21","first-page":"1557","unstructured":"Sipilä, P. N. et al. Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of dementia: a large, multicohort, observational study with a replication cohort. Lancet Infect. Dis. 21, 1557–1567 (2021).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pmed.1004092","key":"2157_CR42","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"J Sun","volume":"19","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Sun, J. et al. Hospital-treated infections in early- and mid-life and risk of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a nationwide nested case-control study in Sweden. PLoS Med. 19, e1004092 (2022).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"PLoS Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-017-13601-y","key":"2157_CR43","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"NM Vogt","volume":"7","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Vogt, N. M. et al. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci. Rep. 7, 13537 (2017).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sci. Rep.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s004300050071","key":"2157_CR44","year":"1998","issue":null,"author":"BJ Balin","volume":"187","first-page":"23","unstructured":"Balin, B. J. et al. Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer’s brain. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 187, 23–42 (1998).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113240","key":"2157_CR45","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Y Wu","volume":"42","first-page":"113240","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 and CD11b expressed on microglia coordinate eradication of Candida albicanscerebral mycosis. Cell Rep. 42, 113240 (2023).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cell Rep.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228","key":"2157_CR46","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Y Moné","volume":"13","first-page":"1123228","unstructured":"Moné, Y. et al. Evidence supportive of a bacterial component in the etiology for Alzheimer’s disease and for a temporal-spatial development of a pathogenic microbiome in the brain. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1123228 (2023).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.033","key":"2157_CR47","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"MAA Harrison","volume":"117","first-page":"36","unstructured":"Harrison, M. A. A. et al. Intermittent cytomegalovirus infection alters neurobiological metabolism and induces cognitive deficits in mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 117, 36–50 (2024).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10149-5","key":"2157_CR48","year":"1997","issue":null,"author":"RF Itzhaki","volume":"349","first-page":"241","unstructured":"Itzhaki, R. F. et al. Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 349, 241–244 (1997).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.10.001","key":"2157_CR49","year":"2011","issue":null,"author":"R Saravanan","volume":"1808","first-page":"369","unstructured":"Saravanan, R. & Bhattacharjya, S. Oligomeric structure of a cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in dodecylphosphocholine micelle determined by NMR spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1808, 369–381 (2011).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.000425","key":"2157_CR50","year":"1995","issue":null,"author":"HG Boman","volume":"13","first-page":"61","unstructured":"Boman, H. G. Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 61–92 (1995).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.02250-06","key":"2157_CR51","year":"2007","issue":null,"author":"JR Teuton","volume":"81","first-page":"3731","unstructured":"Teuton, J. R. & Brandt, C. R. Sialic acid on herpes simplex virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins is required for efficient infection of cells. J. Virol. 81, 3731–3739 (2007).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Virol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.01874-19","key":"2157_CR52","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"RD Powell-Doherty","volume":"94","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Powell-Doherty, R. D., Abbott, A. R. N., Nelson, L. A. & Bertke, A. S. Amyloid-β and p-tau anti-threat response to herpes simplex virus 1 infection in primary adult murine hippocampal neurons. J. Virol. 94, e01874-19 (2020).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Virol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1073/pnas.0500803102","key":"2157_CR53","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"GWG Luxton","volume":"102","first-page":"5832","unstructured":"Luxton, G. W. G. et al. Targeting of herpesvirus capsid transport in axons is coupled to association with specific sets of tegument proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 5832–5837 (2005).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.79.15.9566-9571.2005","key":"2157_CR54","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"V Vittone","volume":"79","first-page":"9566","unstructured":"Vittone, V. et al. Determination of interactions between tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol. 79, 9566–9571 (2005).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Virol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3233/JAD-2008-14301","key":"2157_CR55","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"Á Zambrano","volume":"14","first-page":"259","unstructured":"Zambrano, Á et al. Neuronal cytoskeletal dynamic modification and neurodegeneration induced by infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Alzheimers Dis. 14, 259–269 (2008).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/eji.202250266","key":"2157_CR56","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"AM Johnson","volume":"53","first-page":"e2250266","unstructured":"Johnson, A. M. & Lukens, J. R. The innate immune response in tauopathies. Eur. J. Immunol. 53, e2250266 (2023).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.75.18.8697-8711.2001","key":"2157_CR57","year":"2001","issue":null,"author":"A Kotsakis","volume":"75","first-page":"8697","unstructured":"Kotsakis, A., Pomeranz, L. E., Blouin, A. & Blaho, J. A. Microtubule reorganization during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection facilitates the nuclear localization of VP22, a major virion tegument protein. J. Virol. 75, 8697 (2001).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Virol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/IAI.68.9.5377-5384.2000","key":"2157_CR58","year":"2000","issue":null,"author":"W Kespichayawattana","volume":"68","first-page":"5377","unstructured":"Kespichayawattana, W., Rattanachetkul, S., Wanun, T., Utaisincharoen, P. & Sirisinha, S. Burkholderia pseudomallei induces cell fusion and actin-associated membrane protrusion: a possible mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading. Infect. Immun. 68, 5377–5384 (2000).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Infect. Immun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.76.22.11541-11550.2002","key":"2157_CR59","year":"2002","issue":null,"author":"B Sainz","volume":"76","first-page":"11541","unstructured":"Sainz, B. & Halford, W. P. Alpha/beta interferon and gamma interferon synergize to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol. 76, 11541–11550 (2002).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Virol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/mbio.01818-23","key":"2157_CR60","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"K Danastas","volume":"14","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Danastas, K. et al. Interferon inhibits the release of herpes simplex virus-1 from the axons of sensory neurons. mBio 14, e01818-23 (2023).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"mBio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2014.00015","key":"2157_CR61","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"NJ Bigley","volume":"5","first-page":"15","unstructured":"Bigley, N. J. Complexity of interferon-γ interactions with HSV-1. Front. Immunol. 5, 15 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front. Immunol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0193","key":"2157_CR62","year":"2005","issue":null,"author":"M Utech","volume":"16","first-page":"5040","unstructured":"Utech, M. et al. Mechanism of IFN-γ-induced endocytosis of tight junction proteins: myosin II-dependent vacuolarization of the apical plasma membrane. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 5040–5052 (2005).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s13024-016-0143-y","key":"2157_CR63","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Y Wang","volume":"12","first-page":"5","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. The release and trans-synaptic transmission of Tau via exosomes. Mol. Neurodegener. 12, 5 (2017).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/2051-5960-2-14","key":"2157_CR64","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"S Dujardin","volume":"2","first-page":"14","unstructured":"Dujardin, S. et al. Neuron-to-neuron wild-type Tau protein transfer through a trans-synaptic mechanism: relevance to sporadic tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 2, 14 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1074/jbc.M112.380642","key":"2157_CR65","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"CM Karch","volume":"287","first-page":"42751","unstructured":"Karch, C. M., Jeng, A. T. & Goate, A. M. Extracellular Tau levels are influenced by variability in Tau that is associated with tauopathies. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 42751–42762 (2012).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00018-019-03349-1","key":"2157_CR66","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"CA Brunello","volume":"77","first-page":"1721","unstructured":"Brunello, C. A., Merezhko, M., Uronen, R.-L. & Huttunen, H. J. Mechanisms of secretion and spreading of pathological tau protein. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 1721 (2020).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nm.3457","key":"2157_CR67","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"JL Guo","volume":"20","first-page":"130","unstructured":"Guo, J. L. & Lee, V. M. Y. Cell-to-cell transmission of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Med. 20, 130–138 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.003","key":"2157_CR68","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"JI Ayers","volume":"83","first-page":"337","unstructured":"Ayers, J. I., Giasson, B. I. & Borchelt, D. R. Prion-like spreading in tauopathies. Biol. Psychiatry 83, 337–346 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-023-40632-z","key":"2157_CR69","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"S Liu","volume":"14","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading. Nat. Commun. 14, 5034 (2023).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Commun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/IAI.00903-08","key":"2157_CR70","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"S Ribes","volume":"77","first-page":"557","unstructured":"Ribes, S. et al. Toll-like receptor prestimulation increases phagocytosis of Escherichia coliDH5α and Escherichia coliK1 strains by murine microglial cells. Infect. Immun. 77, 557–564 (2009).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Infect. Immun.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00401-018-1885-0","key":"2157_CR71","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"R Fekete","volume":"136","first-page":"461","unstructured":"Fekete, R. et al. Microglia control the spread of neurotropic virus infection via P2Y12 signalling and recruit monocytes through P2Y12-independent mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol. 136, 461–482 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.4049/jimmunol.0802586","key":"2157_CR72","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"N Mookherjee","volume":"183","first-page":"2688","unstructured":"Mookherjee, N. et al. Intracellular receptor for human host defense peptide LL-37 in monocytes. J. Immunol. 183, 2688–2696 (2009).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J. Immunol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.062","key":"2157_CR73","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"X Lahaye","volume":"175","first-page":"488","unstructured":"Lahaye, X. et al. NONO detects the nuclear HIV capsid to promote cGAS-mediated innate immune activation. Cell 175, 488–501 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12864-016-2590-9","key":"2157_CR74","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"F Sündermann","volume":"17","first-page":null,"unstructured":"Sündermann, F., Fernandez, M.-P. & Morgan, R. O. An evolutionary roadmap to the microtubule-associated protein MAP Tau. BMC Genomics 17, 264 (2016).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"BMC Genomics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fnagi.2019.00070","key":"2157_CR75","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"RD Moir","volume":"11","first-page":"70","unstructured":"Moir, R. D. & Tanzi, R. E. low evolutionary selection pressure in senescence does not explain the persistence of Aβ in the vertebrate genome. Front. Aging Neurosci. 11, 70 (2019).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nprot.2015.065","key":"2157_CR76","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"YH Kim","volume":"10","first-page":"985","unstructured":"Kim, Y. H. et al. A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Protoc. 10, 985–1006 (2015).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Protoc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41593-018-0175-4","key":"2157_CR77","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"J Park","volume":"21","first-page":"941","unstructured":"Park, J. et al. A 3D human tri-culture system modeling neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 941–951 (2018).","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JVI.02632","key":"2157_CR78","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Heming, J. D., Huffman. J. B., Jones, L. M. & Homa, F. L. Isolation and characterization of the herpes simplex virus 1 terminase complex. J. Virol. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02632 (2014).","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["2157"],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Nature Neuroscience"],"reference-count":78,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":78,"short-container-title":["Nat Neurosci"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","is_oa":false,"title":"Phosphorylated tau exhibits antimicrobial activity capable of neutralizing herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity in human neurons","updated":"2025-12-17T23:50:37+00:00","published_date":"2025-12-17","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-01-09T17:12:27.221Z","updated_at":"2026-01-16T11:56:46.634Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Neurosciences","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alzheimer's Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Preclinical Laboratory Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Mechanistic, preclinical findings with no clinical endpoints.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only abstract available; no effect sizes or statistics provided.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02157-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design inferred from abstract; full methods and sample size not reported.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Evaluated whether phosphorylated tau functions as an antimicrobial defense by examining its response to viral infection and its ability to neutralize HSV‑1 in human neurons.","key_result":"Tau became hyperphosphorylated after viral infection and directly bound HSV‑1 capsids, reducing viral infectivity in human neurons."}}],"initialOffset":5,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection"}}}]]

Papers