2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T5ab,Although human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent cervical cancer, the HPV vaccination rates in Japan remain low because of concerns about alleged neurological adverse events. Darja Kanduc proposed a flawed hypothesis that molecular mimicry between HPV and human proteins could induce cross-reactive antibodies, causing autoimmune organ damage, even when only the portions of amino acid (AA)-sequences of the epitopes were identical between HPV and human proteins. In this study, we conducted the same computational data analysis as Kanduc, using 22 linear epitopes (9-23 AA-length) of the HPV type 16 L1 protein (HPV16L1) registered in the database. We found that no human epitopes had identical AA-sequences to any HPV16L1 epitopes, demonstrating that HPV16L1 had no molecular mimicry with linear epitopes that have the potential to induce cross-reactive autoantibodies. On the other hand, we identified various numbers of human protein epitopes whose AA-sequences were partially identical with epitopes of HPV16L1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We found that HPV16L1 had a smaller number of such proteins having "partial molecular mimicry" than HBV and RSV. Our current in silico analysis provided no evidence that HPV vaccinations could induce cross-reactive autoantibodies. The flawed molecular mimicry data should not be used as a scientific basis for alleged HPV vaccine-induced adverse events.31:T82e,Abstract Background Although human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent cervical cancer, the HPV vaccination rates in Japan remain low because of concerns about alleged neurological adverse events. Darja Kanduc proposed a flawed hypothesis that molecular mimicry between HPV and human proteins could induce cross-reactive antibodies, causing autoimmune organ damage, even when only the portions of amino acid (AA)-sequences of the epitopes were identical between HPV and human proteins. Methods In this study, we conducted the same computational data analysis as Kanduc, using 22 linear epitopes (9–23 AA-length) of the HPV type 16 L1 protein (HPV16L1) registered in the database. Results We found that no human epitopes had identical AA-sequences to any HPV16L1 epitopes, demonstrating that HPV16L1 had no molecular mimicry with linear epitopes that have the potential to induce cross-reactive autoantibodies. On the other hand, we identified various numbers of human protein epitopes whose AA-sequences were partially identical with epitopes of HPV16L1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We found that HPV16L1 had a smaller number of such proteins having “partial molecular mimicry” than HBV and RSV. Conclusions Our current in silico analysis provided no evidence that HPV vaccinations could induce cross-reactive autoantibodies. The flawed molecular mimicry data should not be used as a scientific basis for alleged HPV vaccine-induced adverse events. 32:T76d,Multidose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is efficacious, yet the vaccine has been underused globally. Emerging data suggest that a single dose may provide protection. Whether a single dose of HPV vaccine would provide similar protection to two doses is uncertain. In this trial, we assessed whether one dose of an HPV vaccine was noninferior to two doses. Girls 12 to 16 years of age were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, to receive one or two doses of a bivalent HPV vaccine or one or two doses of a nonavalent HPV vaccine. The primary end point was new HPV type 16 or 18 infection occurring from month 12 to month 60 and persisting for at least 6 months. The prespecified noninferiority margin was 1.25 infections per 100 participants. We also assessed vaccine effectiveness by comparing HPV16 or HPV18 infection among the trial participants with that among girls and women enrolled in a nonrandomized survey. A total of 20,330 participants were enrolled and underwent randomization, and 3005 unvaccinated participants were enrolled in the survey. The noninferiority analysis showed that one vaccine dose was noninferior to two doses in preventing HPV16 or HPV18 infection. The rate difference between one and two doses of the bivalent vaccine was -0.13 infections per 100 participants (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.45 to 0.15; P<0.001 for noninferiority), and the difference between one and two doses of the nonavalent vaccine was 0.21 infections per 100 participants (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.51; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The vaccine effectiveness was at least 97% in each of the four trial groups. No safety concerns were identified. One dose of either a bivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine provided protection against HPV16 or HPV18 infection and was not inferior to two doses. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ESCUDDO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03180034.).33:T710,Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants.34:Te02,Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk for HPV-related cancers or after 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) introduction. To examine effectiveness and herd protection over the first 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction in adolescent girls and young women at increased risk for HPV infection and related cancers. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 6 surveillance studies from 2006 to 2023. A consecutive sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 26 years was recruited from clinical settings. Participants were stratified by HPV vaccination status; those who received at least 1 vaccine dose were defined as vaccinated. Effectiveness and herd protection were assessed by comparing proportions of vaccinated and unvaccinated participants positive for at least 1 type in the 2-valent vaccine (2vHPV), 4-valent vaccine (4vHPV), and 9vHPV in each of 6 studies. The prevalence of vaccine-type HPV was compared in vaccinated participants from surveillance studies 2 through 6 vs participants recruited in surveillance study 1, all of whom were unvaccinated. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score was used to balance between-wave differences in participant characteristics. Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants. In this study, population-level effectiveness and herd protection were robust 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction, even in sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women at relatively high risk for HPV who may not have received the full vaccination series.35:T12e0, Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk for HPV-related cancers or after 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) introduction. Objective To examine effectiveness and herd protection over the first 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction in adolescent girls and young women at increased risk for HPV infection and related cancers. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 6 surveillance studies from 2006 to 2023. A consecutive sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 26 years was recruited from clinical settings. Exposure Participants were stratified by HPV vaccination status; those who received at least 1 vaccine dose were defined as vaccinated. Main Outcomes and Measures Effectiveness and herd protection were assessed by comparing proportions of vaccinated and unvaccinated participants positive for at least 1 type in the 2-valent vaccine (2vHPV), 4-valent vaccine (4vHPV), and 9vHPV in each of 6 studies. The prevalence of vaccine-type HPV was compared in vaccinated participants from surveillance studies 2 through 6 vs participants recruited in surveillance study 1, all of whom were unvaccinated. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score was used to balance between-wave differences in participant characteristics. Results Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, &lt;0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, population-level effectiveness and herd protection were robust 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction, even in sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women at relatively high risk for HPV who may not have received the full vaccination series. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Human Papillomavirus Infection: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Human Papillomavirus Infection (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Immune modulators and sinecatechins are approved only for external anogenital warts without reliably eliminating underlying infection; 5-fluorouracil showed efficacy for CIN regression in specific RCT contexts but is not a validated antiviral. Photodynamic therapy, intralesional immunotherapy, therapeutic vaccines, and molecular inhibitors remain investigational. Probiotics, nutritional supplements, and vaginal gels lack robust evidence.","limitations":"Narrative (non-systematic) review design limits reproducibility and introduces selection bias. No meta-analysis or pooled effect sizes are provided. Evidence quality across included interventions varies widely, and many studies reviewed were likely heterogeneous in population and endpoints.","practice_takeaway":"Until a proven HPV-eradicating therapy exists, clinicians should rely on surveillance, evidence-based treatment of precancerous lesions, vaccination, and screening — and should counsel patients that commercially marketed HPV 'clearance' products lack robust supporting evidence. Use the paper's structured framework when evaluating new or emerging interventions promoted for HPV."}},{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","pmid":"42642045","title":"HPV vaccine effectiveness against prevalent HPV by age, years sexually active before vaccination, and HIV status in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, 2019-2021","journal_title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"0022-1899","published_at":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag426","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-01T06:21:12.144Z","updated_at":"2026-09-01T06:21:12.144Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal HPV","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"condition","value":"HIV Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1159","value_numeric":1159},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"warning","value":"HIV status was reported as a stratification variable but vaccine effectiveness results broken out specifically by HIV status were not detailed in the provided abstract/results text — clinicians should consult the full paper for HIV-stratified estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 4 (cross-sectional observational study); no randomization or comparison arm was used.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag426","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 16–26 year age group label is used analytically but the actual enrolled participants were 18–83 years; the younger subgroup framing relies on self-reported age at vaccination.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"HPV vaccine effectiveness against prevalent anal HPV types was assessed in 1,159 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) aged 18–83 recruited across Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver (2019–2021), stratified by age group, years sexually active before vaccination, and HIV status.","key_result":"Among GBM aged 16–26, vaccination at ≤23 years was associated with 60% lower prevalence of HPV6/11/16/18 (aPR 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20–0.77); vaccination with ≤5 years of prior sexual activity also showed significant protection (aPR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.89). In GBM aged 27–45, the reduction in 9-valent HPV types among those vaccinated ≤26 years did not reach statistical significance (aPR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61–1.08).","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design limits causal inference; prevalent HPV may reflect past, not current, infection.\n- Self-reported vaccination status introduces potential recall bias.\n- Respondent-driven sampling may not fully represent all GBM populations.","practice_takeaway":"Vaccinate GBM as early as possible — ideally at or near sexual debut — to maximize anal HPV protection. Vaccination in older or more sexually experienced GBM showed diminishing but not absent benefit, supporting catch-up programs while prioritizing early immunization."}},{"doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","pmid":"42557895","title":"Anogenital human papillomavirus infection patterns by anatomical site and sexual orientation in Chinese men: a national multi-center study","journal_title":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","journal_issn":"2095-3941","published_at":"2026-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","source_score":122,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-22T06:53:45.376Z","updated_at":"2026-08-22T06:53:45.376Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Penile Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"generic","value":"nonavalent HPV vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=9000","value_numeric":9000},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"MSM were a minority subgroup (n=1,200 vs. 7,800 HM), and their trial recruitment method may not reflect the broader MSM population in China.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study detects 25 HPV genotypes via SureX assay — genotypes outside this panel are not captured, potentially underestimating true prevalence.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a baseline analysis from an ongoing vaccine trial; longitudinal efficacy and final trial data are not yet available.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"Three authors are employees or shareholders of Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., the trial funder, which may introduce conflict-of-interest bias in data interpretation.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Baseline anogenital HPV prevalence and genotype distribution were assessed across three anatomical sites (external genitalia, perineal–perianal area, anal canal) in 9,000 HIV-negative Chinese men aged 18–45 years (7,800 heterosexual men [HM] and 1,200 MSM) enrolled in a multicenter nonavalent HPV vaccine trial across 17 centers in China (2022–2023).","key_result":"Total anogenital HPV prevalence was 33.7% in HM and 60.9% in MSM (P < 0.05). In HM, prevalence was highest at external genitalia (26.1%); in MSM, it was highest at the anal canal (45.1%) and perineal–perianal area (42.4%). HPV-52 was the most prevalent HR-HPV type in both groups. MSM had markedly higher HPV-16 (12.8%) and HPV-6/11 (anal canal 6.9%/4.8%) prevalence; multi-HR-HPV anal canal co-infection was 12.5% in MSM. Concurrent infection across ≥2 sites affected 15.4% of HM vs. 41.4% of MSM.","limitations":"- Baseline cross-sectional data only; causality and temporal trends cannot be established.\n- Participants were enrolled in a vaccine trial, which may introduce selection bias and limit generalizability.\n- Individual-level data remain masked pending trial completion, limiting external validation.","practice_takeaway":"The high HPV burden in both HM and MSM — especially HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-6/11 in MSM anal sites — supports expanding HPV vaccination to include men, with particular priority for MSM. Clinicians should consider multi-site anogenital sampling in MSM, as anal canal and perineal–perianal infections are far more prevalent than external genital infections in this group."}},{"doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","pmid":"42383805","title":"Active surveillance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A register‐based cohort study","journal_title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica","journal_issn":"0001-6349","published_at":"2026-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70304","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-16T13:37:15.851Z","updated_at":"2026-07-16T13:37:15.851Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"condition","value":"Small for Gestational Age","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"generic","value":"large loop excision of the transformation zone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"modality","value":"Surgical Excision","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=10537","value_numeric":10537},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Register-Based Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (cohort study) given the register-based, non-randomized design; randomized data on this question are lacking.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"LLETZ is used here as a generic term for cervical excision; the study does not differentiate by depth or extent of excision, which may affect pregnancy outcomes independently.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/aogs.70304","tag_type":"warning","value":"The cohort is restricted to women who subsequently gave birth, which may underestimate adverse outcomes if CIN2 management influenced fertility or pregnancy loss rates.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This nationwide Danish register-based cohort study compared adverse pregnancy outcomes (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age [SGA], and gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) in women aged 18–40 with a first-time CIN2 diagnosis (1998–2018) who underwent active surveillance (n=4,430) versus immediate LLETZ (n=6,107), followed through a subsequent singleton birth.","key_result":"No meaningful difference was found between active surveillance and LLETZ for any outcome: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91–1.29), SGA (aRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.19), or GDM (aRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.73–1.16); absolute rates were 5.2%, 3.6%, and 3.0%, respectively.","limitations":"- Register-based design limits capture of unmeasured confounders (e.g., smoking, BMI, sexual behavior) that may affect both CIN2 management choice and pregnancy outcomes.\n- Study includes only women who had a subsequent birth, introducing potential selection bias (women with the most severe outcomes may not have become pregnant).\n- CIN2 is a heterogeneous lesion; histological grade and HPV type were not consistently available to adjust for disease severity.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can reassure women with CIN2 that choosing active surveillance over immediate LLETZ does not appear to raise their risk of hypertensive disorders, SGA, or GDM in future pregnancies. This supports active surveillance as a safe fertility-preserving option without additional obstetric risk."}},{"doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","pmid":"42252568","title":"Clinical Validation of Four Point‐of‐Care High‐Risk\n HPV\n Assays, Including Two Reduced‐Valency Assays, for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low‐Resource Settings","journal_title":"International Journal of Cancer","journal_issn":"0020-7136","published_at":"2026-06-07T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.70534","source_score":33,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:54.974Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:54.974Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"Allplex-HPV-HR","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"Cobas-4800","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"HPV-Q","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"PathoDetect-HPV-14","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"PathoDetect-HPV-7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"brand","value":"Truenat-HR-HPV-Plus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"generic","value":"HPV nucleic acid amplification test","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"modality","value":"Molecular Diagnostics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"modality","value":"Point-of-Care Testing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1159","value_numeric":1159},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Diagnostic Accuracy Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"warning","value":"CIN2 is an imperfect histological endpoint with known reproducibility issues; the study included only 19 CIN2 cases among the 97 CIN2+ cases.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is applied to Truenat-HR-HPV-Plus specifically, not all four assays evaluated.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ijc.70534","tag_type":"warning","value":"The VALGENT framework validation used samples from Argentina and Costa Rica only; generalizability to sub-Saharan Africa or South/Southeast Asia — the highest-burden low-resource regions — is uncertain.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Four point-of-care HR-HPV assays (PathoDetect-HPV-14, HPV-Q, Truenat-HR-HPV-Plus [8-type], and PathoDetect-HPV-7 [7-type]) were evaluated for clinical accuracy and reproducibility in cervical cancer screening using 1,159 cervical samples from the ESTAMPA study (Argentina and Costa Rica), compared against reference assays (Cobas-4800 and Allplex-HPV-HR) via the VALGENT framework.","key_result":"Truenat-HR-HPV-Plus met IARC validation criteria with 80.4% sensitivity (95% CI: 71.1–87.8) and 91.5% specificity (95% CI: 89.5–93.2) for CIN2+, non-inferior to Allplex-HPV-HR-8, and repeatability of 93.3% (κ=0.79); PathoDetect-HPV-7 showed lower sensitivity (68.1%); HPV-Q and PathoDetect-HPV-14 did not meet validation criteria.","limitations":"Samples were derived from a single multi-country study (Argentina and Costa Rica), which may limit generalizability to other low-resource settings; the CIN2+ case count was modest (n=97, including only 6 cancers), which constrains precision of estimates at the cancer endpoint.","practice_takeaway":"Truenat-HR-HPV-Plus (8-type) is a validated point-of-care option for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings, offering higher specificity than 14-valent assays and potentially reducing unnecessary referrals. PathoDetect-HPV-7 and the two 14-type assays should not be used as primary screening tools until further validation is completed."}},{"doi":"10.1071/sh25250","pmid":"42219251","title":"Self-reported vaccine uptake across six infectious diseases among gay, bisexual, transgender, and non-binary individuals in Australia: findings from a 2024 national survey","journal_title":"Sexual Health","journal_issn":"1448-5028","published_at":"2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/sh25250","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:37.924Z","updated_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:37.924Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"COVID-19","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatitis A","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatitis B","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Influenza","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Meningococcal Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Mpox","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vaccine-Preventable Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"COVID-19 vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"hepatitis A vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"hepatitis B vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"HPV vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"influenza vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"meningococcal vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"generic","value":"mpox vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccination","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2095","value_numeric":2095},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"warning","value":"Hepatitis A and B uptake were reported as a combined figure (80.6%), so individual vaccine rates cannot be distinguished.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"warning","value":"The abstract does not describe the recruitment method (e.g., online panel, community outreach), making it difficult to assess selection bias fully.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1071/sh25250","tag_type":"warning","value":"Trans and gender diverse participants comprised only ~5.3% of the sample; subgroup findings for this population should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Self-reported uptake of six vaccines (COVID-19, influenza, hepatitis A/B, HPV, meningococcal disease, mpox) among 2,095 GBMSM and trans/gender diverse people in Australia, surveyed July–November 2024, stratified by age, HIV status, PrEP use, gender, education, Medicare status, region of birth, and jurisdiction.","key_result":"COVID-19 had the highest uptake (97.5%), followed by hepatitis A/B (80.6%), influenza (72.8%), mpox (64.0%), HPV (35.9%), and meningococcal disease (30.3%). HIV-negative individuals not on PrEP had consistently lower uptake; higher education and holding a Medicare card were linked to greater uptake across vaccines.","limitations":"Self-reported vaccination status is subject to recall bias and may overestimate true uptake. The sample was 94.7% cisgender men, limiting generalisability to trans and gender diverse people. Recruitment method not detailed in the abstract, raising possible self-selection bias.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians seeing GBMSM not on PrEP or without a Medicare card should proactively screen and offer HPV and meningococcal vaccines, which had the lowest uptake. Integrating vaccination into routine sexual health care visits may help close these gaps."}},{"doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","pmid":"42209291","title":"Incorporating real-world scenarios during initial validation stages of point-of-care human papillomavirus (HPV) screening tests: a scoping review","journal_title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","journal_issn":"1368-4973","published_at":"2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:44.698Z","updated_at":"2026-06-08T13:46:44.698Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"brand","value":"AmpFire","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"brand","value":"ScreenFire","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"modality","value":"Isothermal Amplification Diagnostic Test","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"modality","value":"Point-of-Care Testing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=13","value_numeric":13},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Scoping Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence set to 3 (scoping review); some may classify this as level 5 depending on hierarchy used.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects number of qualifying studies included in the scoping review (n=13), not individual patient numbers — total patient-level N was not reported in aggregate.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2025-056864","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 7% figure (13 of ~186 studies) is derived from the abstract description; the exact denominator was not explicitly stated as 186 in the text.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This scoping review evaluated how many DNA-based isothermal amplification point-of-care (POC) HR-HPV screening tests have been validated in real-world scenarios, defined as using low-resource sample preparation on >30 clinical samples, and assessed alignment with the WHO target product profile (TPP).","key_result":"Only 13 of ~186 studies (7%) tested POC HR-HPV isothermal amplification in real-world scenarios; just 2 platforms (Atila's ScreenFire and AmpFire) reached mid-stage validation. Only 4 of 13 studies met ≥3 of 7 WHO TPP criteria.","limitations":"- Scoping review methodology limits quality appraisal of included studies.\n- 'Real-world scenario' definition (>30 samples, low-resource prep) is author-defined and may exclude relevant work.\n- Most studies used stored samples from high-resource settings, limiting generalizability to low-resource populations.","practice_takeaway":"POC HPV tests for low-resource settings are mostly untested in conditions that reflect real-world use — clinicians and program planners should scrutinize validation data carefully before deployment. Future test development should prioritize freshly obtained vaginal swabs and samples from low-resource populations."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","pmid":"42204485","title":"Epidemiology of human papillomavirus among women living with HIV in rural Uganda: a retrospective cohort study","journal_title":"BMC Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1471-2334","published_at":"2026-05-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:32.811Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:32.811Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"HIV Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antiretroviral Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV DNA PCR Testing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1305","value_numeric":1305},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"ART history was collected but specific associations between ART duration/status and HPV prevalence are not reported in the abstract or results sections provided — clinical relevance of ART in this cohort is unclear.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study population is limited to WLWH attending ART clinics; HPV prevalence in HIV-negative Ugandan women or those not in care is not addressed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13658-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"The GeneXpert assay pools several high-risk HPV types (31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) together; individual type-level prevalence within this group cannot be determined from the data presented.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"limitations":"Retrospective design limits causal inference. Single-timepoint testing precludes assessment of HPV persistence. Study is restricted to two rural hospitals, which may limit generalizability to other Ugandan or sub-Saharan settings.","what_studied":"Retrospective cohort study describing HPV type distribution and associated factors among 1,305 women living with HIV (WLWH) attending ART clinics at two rural Ugandan hospitals (Mityana and Kiboga), between July 2021 and July 2022, using GeneXpert HPV DNA RT-PCR.","key_result":"Overall HPV prevalence was 39.1%; HPV16 (8.1%) and HPV18/45 (8.2%) were common, but other pooled high-risk types were most frequently detected. Multiple HPV infections occurred in 18.4% of cases. Older age was independently associated with lower HPV prevalence (PR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99; p = 0.003).","practice_takeaway":"Nearly 4 in 10 WLWH in rural Uganda carry high-risk HPV, with younger women at greatest risk — clinicians should integrate HPV screening into routine HIV care. Strengthening HPV vaccination outreach and early cervical cancer screening in ART clinic settings is a priority."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","pmid":"42113525","title":"State-Level Differences in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among 13- to 17-Year-Old Adolescents","journal_title":"JAMA Pediatrics","journal_issn":"2168-6203","published_at":"2026-05-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13162139/","source_score":24,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-18T13:25:25.277Z","updated_at":"2026-05-18T13:25:25.277Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"generic","value":"human papillomavirus vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.1338","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text is under embargo until May 11, 2027; only the abstract was available. No specific results, sample size, limitations, or detailed methods could be extracted. All summary fields requiring data beyond study design and topic have been set to null.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study examined state-level differences in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years in the United States."}},{"doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","pmid":"42053091","title":"Population-level impact of HPV vaccination: a global systematic review of ecological, cross-sectional, and cohort studies","journal_title":"Expert Review of Vaccines","journal_issn":"1476-0584","published_at":"2026-05-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:43:02.069Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T13:43:02.069Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"condition","value":"Genital Warts","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"condition","value":"Invasive Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"condition","value":"Oropharyngeal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=63","value_numeric":63},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"warning","value":"Oropharyngeal cancer was listed as an outcome in the methods but no quantitative results for OPC were reported in the results section; OPC findings may be absent or unreported.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects number of included studies (n=63), not number of individual participants — total patient-level N is not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study designs are mixed (ecological, cross-sectional, cohort), which limits causal inference; the level of evidence (2) reflects the systematic review structure, but underlying studies are all observational.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2667734","tag_type":"warning","value":"Vaccine type (e.g., bivalent, quadrivalent, nonavalent) is mentioned as an examined variable but no type-specific results are summarized in the available text.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Systematic review (PRISMA 2020) evaluating the population-level impact of HPV vaccination programs on HPV infection, CIN2+, genital warts, invasive cervical cancer (ICC), and oropharyngeal cancer across 63 studies globally, examining the role of coverage, age at initiation, and vaccine type.","key_result":"Declines ranged from **58–100%** for HPV infection, **30–88%** for CIN2+, **60–90%** for genital warts, and **70–88%** for ICC; greatest reductions occurred where coverage was ≥70% and vaccination started before sexual debut, typically through school-based programs.","limitations":"- High heterogeneity across study designs (ecological, cross-sectional, cohort), outcome definitions, and follow-up durations.\n- Most robust data likely from high-income countries; generalizability to LMICs—where burden is highest—is uncertain.\n- No randomized comparisons; causal inference is limited across included observational designs.","practice_takeaway":"Prioritize early HPV vaccination before sexual debut through school-based programs to maximize population-level protection. Expanding access to underserved and LMIC populations is critical to closing the global cervical cancer gap."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","pmid":"42001931","title":"Incidence of human papillomavirus infections in women aged 27 years and older in the US: A federated data network study","journal_title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1201-9712","published_at":"2026-04-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","source_score":27,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:52.879Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:52.879Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anogenital HPV Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"generic","value":"human papillomavirus vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=305,974","value_numeric":305974},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"warning","value":"No specific brand or formulation of HPV vaccine is evaluated — this is an epidemiological incidence study, not a vaccine efficacy trial.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study population is limited to women with documented clinical visits and HPV testing, which may overrepresent healthcare-engaged individuals and underestimate true population-level incidence.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"warning","value":"The unexpected rise in HPV incidence after age 59 may reflect screening artifact or EHR coding patterns rather than true biological increase; the authors do not provide a definitive explanation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108715","tag_type":"warning","value":"Vaccination status was inferred from absence of EHR records, which may misclassify some vaccinated individuals as unvaccinated.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study assessed the 5-year cumulative incidence of anogenital HPV infection in unvaccinated US women aged 27 and older, using a large federated EHR network (TriNetX Dataworks-USA, n=305,974) with analyses from January 2012 to January 2024, stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and insurance status.","key_result":"The overall 5-year cumulative incidence was 10.3% (95% CI: 10.2–10.5%). Incidence was highest in younger women, declined through age 59, then rose again through age 70+. Black, Hispanic, and Medicaid-enrolled women had higher incidence rates.","limitations":"- Retrospective EHR-based design may miss HPV infections not captured in clinical records (detection bias).\n- No prior vaccination status could be confirmed with certainty; relied on absence of documented vaccination records.\n- The linked claims subset (n=9,772) was far smaller than the main cohort, limiting generalizability of those sub-analyses.","practice_takeaway":"New HPV infections occur throughout the lifespan in women 27 and older, supporting shared clinical decision-making for HPV vaccination up to age 45. Clinicians should prioritize discussions about vaccination especially for Black, Hispanic, and Medicaid-enrolled patients, who carry a disproportionate burden."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","pmid":"41507632","title":"Lack of molecular mimicry between HPV vaccine L1 antigen and human proteins by a computational analysis","journal_title":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","journal_issn":"1341-9625","published_at":"2026-01-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","source_score":177,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-09","doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","days":"14","issn":"1341-9625","rank":"5","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"177","category":"Oncology","categories":["Oncology"],"_categories":["Oncology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","title":"Lack of molecular mimicry between HPV vaccine L1 antigen and human proteins by a computational analysis.","journal":"International journal of clinical oncology","methods":"","results":"We found that no human epitopes had identical AA-sequences to any HPV16L1 epitopes, demonstrating that HPV16L1 had no molecular mimicry with linear epitopes that have the potential to induce cross-reactive autoantibodies. On the other hand, we identified various numbers of human protein epitopes whose AA-sequences were partially identical with epitopes of HPV16L1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We found that HPV16L1 had a smaller number of such proteins having \"partial molecular mimicry\" than HBV and RSV.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["Amino Acid Sequences","Autoimmunity","Cross Reactions","HANS","Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"],"pubmed_id":"41507632","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"link":[{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Lack of molecular mimicry between HPV vaccine L1 antigen and human proteins by a computational analysis"],"author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Sekiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reona","family":"Shiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Noriomi","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["JP23K08901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K08901"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["JP22K18378/JP23K08901/JP24K10163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K18378/JP23K08901/JP24K10163"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100012043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100012043","name":"Kindai University","award":["KD2506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KD2506"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1007","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:57:38Z","timestamp":1767898658000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:34:41Z","timestamp":1767918881997,"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10147-026-02961-z"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"13 September 2025"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"3 January 2026"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":3,"value":"8 January 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"},"order":1},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"},"order":2,"value":"N.M. received lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Takeda Pharmaceutical, MSD, and Eisai, and research grants from AstraZeneca and Eisai. N.M. is an outside director of Takara Bio Inc. Other authors declare no conflicts of interest."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"},"order":3,"value":"Approval of the research protocol by an Institutional Reviewer Board: N/A."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"},"order":4,"value":"N/A"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial"},"order":5,"value":"N/A"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal Studies"},"order":6,"value":"N/A"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:57:39Z","timestamp":1767898659000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1341-9625"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1437-7772"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1007/s10147-024-02473-8","key":"2961_CR1","year":"2024","issue":"4","author":"H Nakai","volume":"29","first-page":"363","unstructured":"Nakai H, Higashi T, Kakuwa T et al (2024) Trends in gynecologic cancer in Japan: incidence from 1980 to 2019 and mortality from 1981 to 2021. 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Partial identity occurred only at short lengths (human matches: 1281 pentapeptides, 106 hexapeptides, 16 heptapeptides, 2 octa- and 2 nonapeptides; none ≥10 AAs), and HPV16 L1 had fewer such matches than HBV and RSV.","limitations":"This is an in silico analysis restricted to linear epitope databases and cannot assess conformational epitopes or actual antibody binding. 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The noninferiority analysis showed that one vaccine dose was noninferior to two doses in preventing HPV16 or HPV18 infection. The rate difference between one and two doses of the bivalent vaccine was -0.13 infections per 100 participants (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.45 to 0.15; P<0.001 for noninferiority), and the difference between one and two doses of the nonavalent vaccine was 0.21 infections per 100 participants (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.51; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The vaccine effectiveness was at least 97% in each of the four trial groups. 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