2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T4aa,Loneliness and social isolation are two of the most relevant risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. However, the effect on specified cognitive domains has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of loneliness on the trajectory of memory over a six-year period among older adults. Longitudinal analysis using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Older adults aged 65 years and older participated in all three waves (waves 5, 6, and 8) of SHARE, and had complete data on loneliness assessment at baseline (wave 5) were included. The effect of loneliness on memory trajectories was assessed through a multilevel growth modelling approach. A total of 10217 participants aged 65 to 94 years. Participants with high loneliness at baseline demonstrated significantly lower immediate and delayed recall scores than those with low or average loneliness (-0.24 and -0.21, respectively). However, loneliness did not influence the rate of decline in memory scores over the follow-up period. Loneliness is associated with lower initial memory performance in older adults but does not accelerate the decline in memory function over time.31:T9de,The association between social media use and youth mental health remains poorly understood, with recent systematic reviews reporting inconsistent and conflicting findings. These discrepancies reflect the overreliance on self-reported estimates of use, lack of passive monitoring of behavior, and limited measurement of momentary mental health states. To examine the association between objective social media use, problematic engagement, and mental health outcomes in young adults, as well as evaluate the outcomes of a 1-week social media detox intervention on behavior and mental health symptoms. A remote cohort study conducted in the US using a national recruitment registry between March 2024 and March 2025, where participants completed a 2-week observational baseline, followed by an optional 1-week social media detox intervention. Participants were young adults (aged 18-24 years) with a smartphone and English fluency. Social media use of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and X over a 2-week baseline period, followed by an optional 1-week detox intervention. The main outcomes were detox changes in symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), and loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale), as well as within-participant changes in behavior including screen use, communication, mobility, and momentary mental health states. Of 417 enrolled participants, 373 (mean [SD] age, 21.0 [1.9] years) completed baseline assessments, with 295 (79.1%) opting into a detox intervention that reduced symptoms anxiety by 16.1% (-1.9 reduction; Cohen d, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.32), depression by 24.8% (-2.0 reduction; Cohen d, -0.37; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.32) and insomnia by 14.5% (-2.1 reduction; Cohen d, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.32). There was no significant change in loneliness (Cohen d, -0.40; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.06). Marginal increases were seen in home time (β, 42.8; 95% CI, 24.3 to 61.2 minutes) and screen duration (β, 15.4; 95% CI, 4.9 to 25.9 seconds), with considerable within-person variability. No other changes in behavioral or EMA-based features were observed after the detox. In this cohort of young adults, reducing social media use for 1 week was associated with reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia; however, the durability of these therapeutic outcomes and their associations with behavior warrant further study, particularly in more diverse populations.32:T104f, Importance The association between social media use and youth mental health remains poorly understood, with recent systematic reviews reporting inconsistent and conflicting findings. These discrepancies reflect the overreliance on self-reported estimates of use, lack of passive monitoring of behavior, and limited measurement of momentary mental health states. Objectives To examine the association between objective social media use, problematic engagement, and mental health outcomes in young adults, as well as evaluate the outcomes of a 1-week social media detox intervention on behavior and mental health symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants A remote cohort study conducted in the US using a national recruitment registry between March 2024 and March 2025, where participants completed a 2-week observational baseline, followed by an optional 1-week social media detox intervention. Participants were young adults (aged 18-24 years) with a smartphone and English fluency. Exposures Social media use of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and X over a 2-week baseline period, followed by an optional 1-week detox intervention. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were detox changes in symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), and loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale), as well as within-participant changes in behavior including screen use, communication, mobility, and momentary mental health states. Results Of 417 enrolled participants, 373 (mean [SD] age, 21.0 [1.9] years) completed baseline assessments, with 295 (79.1%) opting into a detox intervention that reduced symptoms anxiety by 16.1% (−1.9 reduction; Cohen d , −0.44; 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.32), depression by 24.8% (−2.0 reduction; Cohen d , −0.37; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.32) and insomnia by 14.5% (−2.1 reduction; Cohen d , −0.44; 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.32). There was no significant change in loneliness (Cohen d , −0.40; 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.06). Marginal increases were seen in home time (β, 42.8; 95% CI, 24.3 to 61.2 minutes) and screen duration (β, 15.4; 95% CI, 4.9 to 25.9 seconds), with considerable within-person variability. No other changes in behavioral or EMA-based features were observed after the detox. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort of young adults, reducing social media use for 1 week was associated with reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia; however, the durability of these therapeutic outcomes and their associations with behavior warrant further study, particularly in more diverse populations. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Loneliness: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Loneliness (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Cross-lagged analyses showed shame and loneliness at each time point predicted subsequent NSSI. Loneliness mediated the shame→NSSI pathway: shame at T1 → loneliness at T2 → NSSI at T3.","limitations":"Single-province Chinese sample (Anhui) limits generalizability. Study relies on self-report measures, which may underestimate NSSI in stigmatized cultural contexts. The 6-month intervals between assessments may miss shorter-term fluctuations in shame, loneliness, or NSSI.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians working with adolescents should screen for both shame and loneliness as upstream risk factors for NSSI — reducing loneliness may be a concrete intervention target to interrupt the shame-to-self-injury pathway. Interventions in East Asian contexts should specifically address culturally-shaped shame experiences."}},{"doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","pmid":"42579507","title":"Marital status and alcohol use among older adults: the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and loneliness","journal_title":"Aging & Mental Health","journal_issn":"1360-7863","published_at":"2026-08-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","source_score":137,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-02T06:22:31.338Z","updated_at":"2026-09-02T06:22:31.338Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alcohol Use Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depressive Symptoms","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=5071","value_numeric":5071},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"warning","value":"Partnership-status categories (e.g., living-apart-together) may not align with definitions used in other studies, limiting direct comparisons.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"warning","value":"Results are specific to Nordic older adults and may not generalize to other cultural or demographic contexts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2709502","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design is longitudinal (two waves: 2016 and 2021) but observational; the label 'Prospective Cohort Study' best fits, though the paper uses trajectory-based and mediation models which add complexity beyond a simple cohort design.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined how baseline marital status and partnership-status trajectories (2016–2021) relate to alcohol use patterns in 5,071 older adults (ages 65–85) in Northern Sweden and Western Finland, including gender differences and whether depressive symptoms or loneliness mediate these relationships.","key_result":"Unpartnered trajectories were associated with higher likelihood of abstinence (aRRR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.16–1.68) but not binge drinking (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.66–1.43). Among women specifically, being partnered was linked to higher hazardous and binge drinking. No mediation via depressive symptoms or loneliness was found.","limitations":"- Observational design limits causal inference; residual confounding is possible.\n- Sample drawn from two specific Nordic regions (Northern Sweden, Western Finland), which may limit generalizability.\n- Alcohol use was self-reported via AUDIT-C, subject to underreporting bias.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should not assume that unpartnered older adults drink more — in fact, they are more likely to abstain. For older women, screen for hazardous drinking within the context of a partnership, as shared social drinking environments may elevate risk."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","pmid":null,"title":"The Role of Temperament in Adolescent Loneliness: Psychological Flexibility as a Protective Factor","journal_title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","journal_issn":"0147-5916","published_at":"2026-07-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-10T13:22:03.507Z","updated_at":"2026-08-10T13:22:03.507Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"modality","value":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=885","value_numeric":885},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"Loneliness was measured with a single HBSC item; this may underestimate the construct's complexity compared to validated multi-item scales.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample is drawn from one country (Finland) and one grade level; results may not generalize to other educational or cultural contexts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study is observational—no ACT intervention was delivered; clinical recommendations are inferential and require confirmation from intervention trials.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10775-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"The AF (Affiliativeness) finding runs counter to Big Five Agreeableness research; authors caution against over-interpreting the small effect size.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study examined how four temperament dimensions (Surgency, Negative Affectivity [NA], Affiliativeness [AF], Effortful Control [EC]) relate to loneliness in 885 Finnish Grade 9 adolescents (mean age 15.8, 56.4% girls), and whether psychological flexibility moderated those links.","key_result":"High NA and high AF each independently predicted more loneliness; high EC predicted less loneliness; Surgency had no unique effect. Psychological flexibility buffered the loneliness risk from both NA (β = −.11, p < .001) and AF (β = −.17, p < .001): at high psychological flexibility, neither NA nor AF was associated with loneliness.","limitations":"- Single-item loneliness measure limits nuance and precision.\n- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference.\n- Non-clinical Finnish sample only; generalizability to other cultures, clinical groups, or educational systems is uncertain.","practice_takeaway":"Adolescents with high negative emotionality or strong affiliative needs are at elevated loneliness risk, but building psychological flexibility skills (e.g., via ACT-based programs) may offset that risk. Clinicians working with temperamentally vulnerable teens could consider ACT-informed approaches targeting experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","pmid":"42348183","title":"Loneliness, Blindness, and Major Eye Disease","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13306480/","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-01T13:27:04.105Z","updated_at":"2026-07-01T13:27:04.105Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"condition","value":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"condition","value":"Blindness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"condition","value":"Diabetic Retinopathy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"condition","value":"Glaucoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group and sex of the study population are not reported in the available abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was not accessible — only the abstract was available. Key results, sample size, effect sizes, and methodological details could not be extracted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2168","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is cross-sectional, so directionality of the loneliness–eye disease association cannot be determined from this paper alone.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study examined the association between loneliness and major eye diseases — specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma — as well as self-reported blindness.","limitations":"Cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Full text was not retrievable, so specific results, sample size, and detailed methodology are unavailable."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","pmid":"42343026","title":"From Friends to Lovers: Understanding Motivations and Barriers in AI Companionship","journal_title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","journal_issn":"0004-0002","published_at":"2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-01T13:27:09.492Z","updated_at":"2026-07-01T13:27:09.492Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"AI Companion Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"AI Companion Application","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2969","value_numeric":2969},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Causal language (e.g., 'linked to,' 'damages mental health') is used by the authors despite a cross-sectional design; the direction of association between AI use and mental health outcomes cannot be determined from this data.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Depression was measured using only 5 items from the CES-D, and loneliness with only 2 items from the UCLA Loneliness Scale; full validated scale scoring was not used.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper listed in the metadata (DOI, abstract) describes a separate mixed-methods study of 135 adults on AI companionship attitudes; the full text content is from a different, larger Wheatley Institute report (n=2,969). Summaries and tags reflect the full-text content actually provided.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03375-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"This report was produced by the Wheatley Institute at Brigham Young University, an organization with an explicit values-based mission focused on family and religion; this may introduce interpretive framing bias beyond what the data alone support.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional survey of 2,969 U.S. adults (ages 18+, mean age 40) examined prevalence of engagement with three AI relationship technologies — sexualized AI social media images, AI romantic companion apps, and AI-generated pornography — and their associations with depression risk and loneliness, stratified by sex and age cohort (young adults 18–30 vs. adults 30+).","key_result":"About 19% of all adults reported chatting with an AI romantic companion (31% of young adult men, 23% of young adult women). Over 1 in 5 AI companion users (21%) preferred AI communication over real human interaction. AI platform use was associated with roughly double the rate of depression risk and loneliness compared to non-users: >50% of male AI users vs. 29% of non-users at risk for depression; >60% of female AI users vs. 41% of non-users at risk for depression.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference — it is unknown whether people with pre-existing depression/loneliness are drawn to AI platforms, or vice versa.\n- Self-report data via online survey (Qualtrics panel) may introduce social desirability bias and sampling limitations.\n- The report is published by the Wheatley Institute (affiliated with Brigham Young University), which has an explicit values-based mission; this may introduce framing bias in interpretation.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should routinely screen patients — especially young adult men — for AI romantic companion use, as users show markedly elevated rates of depression and loneliness compared to non-users. Given the unclear direction of causality, AI companion use may represent both a symptom of and a contributor to social isolation."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","pmid":null,"title":"Lonely and Awake: The Role of Rumination and Anxiety Sensitivity in Amplifying the Association Between Loneliness and Sleep Disruption","journal_title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","journal_issn":"0147-5916","published_at":"2026-06-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-29T13:22:42.704Z","updated_at":"2026-06-29T13:22:42.704Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"condition","value":"Insomnia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"condition","value":"Sleep Disruption","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=81","value_numeric":81},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was not available; summary is based on the abstract and publisher page only — specific statistics (e.g., regression coefficients, p-values) could not be extracted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample is limited to college-aged adults at a single institution; findings may not generalize to older adults or clinical populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10608-026-10761-y","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is cross-sectional; causal direction between loneliness, rumination, and sleep cannot be established.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study examined whether brooding rumination and anxiety sensitivity moderate (amplify) the link between loneliness and sleep quality/duration in 81 college-aged adults — a group with elevated rates of both loneliness and sleep disruption.","key_result":"Loneliness was associated with poor sleep quality but not sleep duration. Brooding rumination significantly moderated this relationship: the loneliness–poor sleep quality link was evident only in individuals with higher brooding levels, and this was not explained by depression. Anxiety sensitivity did not significantly moderate the loneliness–sleep association.","limitations":"- Small sample (n=81) of college students limits generalizability to other age groups.\n- Cross-sectional design prevents causal or feed-forward conclusions.\n- Sleep was self-reported, not objectively measured (e.g., actigraphy or polysomnography).","practice_takeaway":"In lonely patients with poor sleep, screening for and targeting brooding rumination — a modifiable factor addressable with CBT-based interventions — may help improve sleep quality. Anxiety sensitivity did not emerge as a significant amplifier in this sample and warrants further study."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","pmid":"42301558","title":"The Joy and the Pain of Being Alone: Managing the Solitude-Loneliness (SOLO) Paradox in People High on the Autism Spectrum","journal_title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review","journal_issn":"1096-4037","published_at":"2026-06-16T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","source_score":8,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-19T13:23:17.539Z","updated_at":"2026-06-19T13:23:17.539Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hikikomori","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Problematic Internet Use","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"The primary empirical illustration (Muris et al., 2025a) is a single survey with modest ASD sample size (n=64) and should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"The SOLO paradox framework is a novel conceptual model and has not yet been independently validated or tested in longitudinal designs.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10567-026-00576-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review without systematic search or PRISMA methodology; conclusions reflect authors' synthesis rather than a pooled evidence base.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review examines why autistic individuals simultaneously report higher loneliness *and* a stronger preference for solitude than typically developing peers — a pattern the authors term the solitude-loneliness (SOLO) paradox. It synthesizes evidence on social communication differences, sensory hypersensitivity, coping strategies, and unmet belonging needs, and extends the framework to hikikomori and problematic internet use.","key_result":"Autistic individuals report loneliness at roughly 3–4 times the rate of neurotypical peers, yet also show a significantly stronger positive attitude toward solitude. In one illustrative survey (Muris et al., 2025a; n=64 ASD vs. n=259 controls), both elevated loneliness and stronger solitude preference were confirmed, with autistic traits independently predicting each even after controlling for the other.","limitations":"- Narrative (not systematic) review design; no formal quality appraisal or effect-size pooling.\n- Most cited primary studies focus on autistic individuals without intellectual disability, limiting generalizability to those with higher support needs.\n- Causal direction between solitude-seeking and loneliness cannot be established from cross-sectional data.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should not interpret a preference for solitude in autistic patients as absence of belonging needs — loneliness and solitude-seeking often coexist. Interventions should reduce loneliness and social anxiety without pathologizing adaptive alone-time; social skills programs must be paired with explicit attention to authenticity, recovery, and camouflaging costs."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","pmid":null,"title":"Extraversion and Conscientiousness: Personality Profiles and their Links to Mental Health","journal_title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment","journal_issn":"0882-2689","published_at":"2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:03.119Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:25.333Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anxiety","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psychological Stress","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"condition","value":"Somatization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=469","value_numeric":469},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was not available; summary is based on the abstract and reference list only. Specific effect sizes, statistical fit indices, and full demographic details could not be verified.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"warning","value":"Latent profile analysis assigns probabilistic membership; profile labels (e.g., 'introverted and impulsive') are interpretive and may not map cleanly onto clinical constructs.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only the paper title, DOI, journal, and publication date were provided — no abstract, methods, results, or full text. All summary fields have been set to null because no study content could be verified. Tags and summaries cannot be populated without source data.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample is from a single university context (Canada); cultural and institutional generalizability is uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10862-026-10295-3","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study excluded emotionality/neuroticism by design; this limits comparability with studies using full Big Five or HEXACO models.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify personality profiles based on extraversion and conscientiousness (measured via HEXACO-60) in 469 emerging adults (mean age 20.2 years, 58.4% women), then examined how profile membership related to anxiety, depression, somatization, loneliness, and stress.","key_result":"Five profiles emerged; the two introverted profiles (low extraversion ± high conscientiousness; combined ~9.8% of sample) showed the highest levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, loneliness, and stress. The extraverted profiles (high extraversion ± high or low conscientiousness; combined ~28.8%) had the most favorable mental health outcomes. No demographic variables predicted profile membership.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference about personality-mental health links.\n- Sample was limited to emerging adults at one timepoint, restricting generalizability across age groups.\n- Emotionality/neuroticism was intentionally excluded to avoid criterion contamination, so its moderating role in these profiles is unknown.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians working with college-age patients should screen for introversion as a risk marker for internalizing symptoms—anxiety, depression, loneliness, and somatic complaints—regardless of conscientiousness level. Interventions targeting social engagement and approach motivation may benefit this subgroup."}},{"doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","pmid":null,"title":"0033 The Loneliness of Later Chronotypes: A Nighttime Pathway to Mental Health Risk","journal_title":"SLEEPJ","journal_issn":"0161-8105","published_at":"2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","source_score":167,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:11.496Z","updated_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:11.496Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"category","value":"Clinical Neurology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"category","value":"Neurosciences","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"condition","value":"Evening Chronotype","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"condition","value":"Mental Health","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=442","value_numeric":442},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"warning","value":"Mediation analyses in cross-sectional data cannot establish temporal or causal ordering of chronotype, loneliness, and mental health.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"warning","value":"Mental health outcome was a single self-rated numeric scale (0–100), not a validated diagnostic instrument — effect sizes may not map directly to clinical severity.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0033","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample recruited via Prolific (online crowdsourcing); may skew toward younger, more digitally engaged adults.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional online survey (N=442) examined whether nocturnal loneliness and general loneliness independently mediate the relationship between evening chronotype and self-rated mental health (0–100 scale), using parallel mediation analysis with 5,000 bootstrap samples.","key_result":"Later chronotype correlated with poorer mental health (r=0.33), higher nocturnal loneliness (r=−0.22), and higher general loneliness (r=−0.30). Both loneliness types were unique mediators: general loneliness carried the larger indirect effect (0.279, 95% CI [0.180, 0.387]) and nocturnal loneliness a smaller but significant one (0.063, 95% CI [0.020, 0.117]); the direct effect of chronotype remained significant, indicating only partial mediation.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference between chronotype, loneliness, and mental health.\n- Self-selected online sample (Prolific) limits generalizability to broader populations.\n- Mental health was measured with a single self-rated 0–100 item rather than a validated clinical scale.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians working with evening-type patients should screen for both general and nighttime-specific loneliness, as both contribute to poorer mental health beyond chronotype alone. Targeting nocturnal loneliness may offer a novel, actionable intervention point for this group."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","pmid":"42105644","title":"The interplay between loneliness, cortisol, and NK cell function: The role of cortisol in NK cell dysfunction","journal_title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","journal_issn":"0306-4530","published_at":"2026-04-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","source_score":13,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-15T13:23:06.681Z","updated_at":"2026-05-15T13:23:06.681Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Psychosocial Stress","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"generic","value":"cortisol","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"modality","value":"Biomarker (Cortisol)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Cell Function (NK Cell)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=186","value_numeric":186},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"warning","value":"Findings are specific to African American women in a community intervention; generalizability to other demographics is uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is cross-sectional, so causality between cortisol, loneliness, and NK cell dysfunction cannot be established.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"warning","value":"The degranulation sub-study (n=24) is very small; results should be interpreted with caution and require replication in larger cohorts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107870","tag_type":"warning","value":"The publication date (April 2026) is in the future relative to common datasets — no concerns identified, but note this is a recently published study.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined how plasma cortisol levels, loneliness, and NK cell distribution and function interact in 186 African American women enrolled in the Step It Up community health intervention, using validated psychosocial questionnaires, RNA sequencing, and in vitro NK cell experiments.","key_result":"Higher loneliness modified the cortisol–NK cell relationship (p=0.011): in lonelier participants, higher cortisol was linked to fewer proliferative NK cells (β=−0.30, p=0.04) and reduced NK cell degranulation (β=−0.38, p=0.03, n=24 subset). In vitro, cortisol suppressed NK cell degranulation (p=0.006) via FABP-4–induced PD-1 upregulation (p=0.01).","limitations":"- The degranulation sub-study was very small (n=24), limiting statistical power and generalizability.\n- The sample is restricted to African American women from one community intervention, so findings may not generalize to other populations.\n- Cross-sectional design precludes causal inference between cortisol, loneliness, and NK cell dysfunction.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians caring for patients in under-resourced communities should consider that chronic loneliness may amplify cortisol-driven immune suppression, particularly NK cell dysfunction, which could worsen cardiovascular risk. Screening for loneliness alongside traditional CVD risk factors may help identify high-risk individuals."}},{"doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","pmid":"41975563","title":"Memory trajectories in lonely individuals in Europe: an analysis of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","journal_title":"Aging & Mental Health","journal_issn":"1360-7863","published_at":"2026-04-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5263132","source_score":574,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-17","doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","days":"30","issn":"1360-7863","rank":"1","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"574","category":"Psychiatry","categories":["Psychiatry"],"_categories":["Psychiatry"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","title":"Memory trajectories in lonely individuals in Europe: an analysis of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).","journal":"Aging & mental health","methods":"","results":"A total of 10217 participants aged 65 to 94 years. Participants with high loneliness at baseline demonstrated significantly lower immediate and delayed recall scores than those with low or average loneliness (-0.24 and -0.21, respectively). However, loneliness did not influence the rate of decline in memory scores over the follow-up period.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["Loneliness","cognitive decline","memory","older adults"],"pubmed_id":"41975563","conclusions":"Loneliness is associated with lower initial memory performance in older adults but does not accelerate the decline in memory function over time.","publication_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","ISSN":["1360-7863","1364-6915"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"1161-1170","type":"journal-article","issue":"5","score":1,"title":["Memory trajectories in lonely individuals in Europe: an analysis of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)"],"author":[{"given":"Luis Carlos","family":"Venegas-Sanabria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Mayor"},{"name":"Instituto Rosarista para el Estudio del Envejecimiento y la Longevidad, Universidad del Rosario"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Pineda-Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Mayor"}]},{"given":"Miguel German","family":"Borda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet"}]},{"given":"Encarnación","family":"Satorres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Valencia"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bueno-López","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Valencia"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Mélendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Valencia"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"member":"301","prefix":"10.1080","source":"Crossref","volume":"30","created":{"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:01:15Z","timestamp":1776139275000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:34:10Z","timestamp":1777883650168,"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2026.2624569"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement","order":1,"value":"The 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Mental health (PHQ‑9, GAD‑7, ISI, UCLA Loneliness) and device/EMA behaviors were assessed; 373 completed baseline and 295 chose detox.","key_result":"Among 295 detox participants, anxiety decreased by 1.9 points (16.1%; Cohen d −0.44; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.32), depression by 2.0 points (24.8%; Cohen d −0.37; 95% CI −0.49 to −0.32), and insomnia by 2.1 points (14.5%; Cohen d −0.44; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.32); loneliness showed no significant change (Cohen d −0.40; 95% CI −0.17 to 0.06). Home time increased by 42.8 minutes (95% CI 24.3 to 61.2) and screen duration by 15.4 seconds (95% CI 4.9 to 25.9); no other behavioral or EMA changes were detected.","limitations":"Detox participation was optional, introducing self-selection; effects were measured over only 1 week, so durability is unknown. The sample comprised US young adults, and the text calls for testing in more diverse populations.","practice_takeaway":"A 1‑week social media break in young adults was linked to small-to-moderate short‑term reductions in anxiety, depression, and insomnia, with no change in loneliness. Consider this as a brief, low‑risk strategy for motivated young adults, recognizing uncertain long‑term benefit and limited generalizability."}}],"initialOffset":12,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Loneliness"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Loneliness"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Loneliness"}}}]]

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