2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T424,During the 2024-25 winter season, a universal immunization campaign with nirsevimab was implemented in a region of Italy to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among infants <12 months of age. We assessed its effects using regional syndromic surveillance data on emergency department visits (EDVs) and hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections and RSV infections. We estimated expected burden using an interrupted time series analysis, based on historical trends, and observed values with predictions. Children 1-5 years of age, not eligible for immunization, served as a comparison group. Among infants, EDVs for acute lower respiratory tract infections decreased by 42.7% and hospitalizations decreased by 46.5%, whereas EDVs for RSV infection decreased by 49.3% and hospitalizations decreased by 55.0%. No reductions were observed in children 1-5 years of age, confirming ongoing RSV circulation. Our findings support the effectiveness of universal nirsevimab immunization in reducing severe RSV-related outcomes among infants.31:T942,Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody available since 2023, has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in clinical trials and postlicensure settings. However, its broader real-world associations with respiratory-related outcomes in infants remain unclear, and characterizing these associations is essential to inform pediatric immunization policy. To evaluate the real-world association of nirsevimab with LRTI-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, and medRxiv databases were systematically searched for observational studies published between January 1, 2023, and June 20, 2025. Data analysis was performed between January 1, 2025, and June 20, 2025. Postlicensure observational studies reporting original data on the effectiveness of nirsevimab immunization programs in infants and children aged 24 months or younger in routine clinical settings were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Checklist of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Primary outcomes were all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, all-cause LRTI-related ED visit, and RSV-LRTI-related ED visit. Of 1752 records screened, 15 studies met inclusion criteria; 11 studies were from 5 countries included in the meta-analysis, comprising 236 764 infants and children in the nirsevimab group and 27 522 in the control group. Compared with controls, nirsevimab was associated with lower odds of all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.28-0.53), all-cause LRTI-related ED visits (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73), and RSV-LRTI-related ED visits (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.47). No significant difference was observed in all-cause hospitalizations (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.14-2.20) between the nirsevimab and control groups. In this meta-analysis, nirsevimab was associated with reduced LRTI-related hospitalizations and ED visits in infants and young children. These findings support nirsevimab's potential to reduce respiratory-related morbidity in young children and health care utilization.32:Tecd, Importance Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody available since 2023, has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in clinical trials and postlicensure settings. However, its broader real-world associations with respiratory-related outcomes in infants remain unclear, and characterizing these associations is essential to inform pediatric immunization policy. Objective To evaluate the real-world association of nirsevimab with LRTI-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, and medRxiv databases were systematically searched for observational studies published between January 1, 2023, and June 20, 2025. Data analysis was performed between January 1, 2025, and June 20, 2025. Study Selection Postlicensure observational studies reporting original data on the effectiveness of nirsevimab immunization programs in infants and children aged 24 months or younger in routine clinical settings were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Checklist of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, all-cause LRTI-related ED visit, and RSV-LRTI–related ED visit. Results Of 1752 records screened, 15 studies met inclusion criteria; 11 studies were from 5 countries included in the meta-analysis, comprising 236 764 infants and children in the nirsevimab group and 27 522 in the control group. Compared with controls, nirsevimab was associated with lower odds of all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.28-0.53), all-cause LRTI-related ED visits (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73), and RSV-LRTI–related ED visits (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.47). No significant difference was observed in all-cause hospitalizations (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.14-2.20) between the nirsevimab and control groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis, nirsevimab was associated with reduced LRTI-related hospitalizations and ED visits in infants and young children. These findings support nirsevimab’s potential to reduce respiratory-related morbidity in young children and health care utilization. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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The full evidence base is detailed in a separate accompanying technical report.","practice_takeaway":"Offer RSV immunization to all infants under 8 months entering their first RSV season. For children 8–19 months entering their second season, apply the newly expanded high-risk criteria to identify candidates for immunization."}},{"doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","pmid":"42660678","title":"Avoidable mortality: learning from the lives and deaths of people with a learning disability and autistic people","journal_title":"British Journal of General Practice","journal_issn":"0960-1643","published_at":"2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-05T06:20:20.399Z","updated_at":"2026-09-05T06:20:20.399Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"category","value":"Primary Health Care","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anxiety","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Colorectal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Constipation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Learning Disability","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=3395","value_numeric":3395},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mortality Review Programme / Editorial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size of 3,395 refers to notified deaths in 2024; completed reviews were 2,713 — outcome data derive from the reviewed subset.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design tag reflects the dual nature of this piece (mortality review programme commentary/editorial); formal study design classification is ambiguous.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp.2026.0415","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a commissioned editorial, not an original research article, and was not externally peer reviewed — findings are summaries of programme data rather than independently analysed results.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This editorial summarises the 2026 LeDeR (Learning from Lives and Deaths) national report, a mortality review programme in England covering 3,395 notified deaths of people with a learning disability and autistic adults in 2024, examining causes of death, avoidable mortality, and health inequalities.","key_result":"People with a learning disability died a median of 19 years younger than the general population; 39% died from an avoidable cause (nearly double the general population rate). Adults from ethnic minority groups died younger still (e.g., median age 42 for Asian/Asian British vs. 64 for White adults). Among autistic people without a learning disability, 54% had depression and 50% had anxiety documented.","limitations":"LeDeR notifications are submitted mostly by professionals (not families), and only 0.6% by friends, family, or carers, which may miss important perspectives. The programme is a mortality review, not a randomised or controlled study, so causality cannot be established. ICB-level reporting varies in format and data collected, limiting national comparisons.","practice_takeaway":"GPs should optimise coding, deliver thorough annual health checks, offer flu vaccination, and ensure reasonable adjustments are documented and shared via the digital flag for all patients with a learning disability or autism. Each practice must have a process to notify LeDeR when these patients die and to act on review findings."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","pmid":"42573985","title":"First- and Second-Year Outcomes After Nirsevimab Immunization","journal_title":"JAMA Pediatrics","journal_issn":"2168-6203","published_at":"2026-08-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13458943/","source_score":70,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:04.744Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:04.744Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"age_group","value":"infant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"brand","value":"Beyfortus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"condition","value":"Ear, Nose, and Throat Bacterial Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"condition","value":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"generic","value":"nirsevimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"modality","value":"Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=250198","value_numeric":250198},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Matched Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"warning","value":"The associations with ENT bacterial infections and asthma hospitalizations in year 2 are observational and may be confounded by differential healthcare-seeking behavior or unmeasured factors; causality cannot be established.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text of the article was not accessible; all extracted data are from the abstract and results section only — key subgroup analyses or sensitivity analyses may be missing.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"warning","value":"The sample size tag (n=250,198) reflects the combined total across both cohorts (74,672 + 175,526); these are distinct cohorts, not a single pooled trial.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","tag_type":"warning","value":"Two impact flags were applied (safety_signal for ENT/asthma associations; confirms_prior for RSV effectiveness) — this is unusual but warranted given the dual nature of the findings.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This nationwide matched cohort study evaluated nirsevimab effectiveness against RSV-LRTI-related hospitalizations across two consecutive RSV seasons (2023–2024 and 2024–2025) in French infants, and assessed whether protection persisted into a second year and whether nirsevimab was associated with hospitalizations for non-RSV infections and asthma.","key_result":"Nirsevimab reduced RSV-LRTI-related hospitalizations by 66% (95% CI, 61%–70%) in year 1 of the 2023 cohort and 72% (95% CI, 69%–75%) in year 1 of the 2024 cohort (0.8% vs 2.4% and 0.5% vs 1.9% immunized vs unimmunized, respectively). No protection carried into the second year (wHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73–1.43). Notably, nirsevimab was associated with higher rates of ENT bacterial infection hospitalizations in year 1 (wHR 1.36–1.43) and in year 2 (wHR, 1.56), and with higher asthma hospitalization rates in year 2 (wHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.46).","limitations":"- Observational design cannot exclude residual confounding despite 1:1 matching and weighted Cox models.\n- The ENT and asthma signals in year 2 may reflect surveillance or healthcare-seeking bias rather than a true causal effect.\n- Full text was not available; analysis is based on the abstract and reported results only.","practice_takeaway":"Nirsevimab provides strong, consistent protection against RSV hospitalization in the first season across consecutive years of use, but clinicians should be aware that protection does not extend into a second RSV season. The unexpected associations with ENT bacterial infections and asthma hospitalizations in year 2 warrant further investigation before drawing causal conclusions."}},{"doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","pmid":"42226059","title":"Clinical Features and Predictors of Severity in Children Hospitalized With Human Metapneumovirus: A Multicenter Italian Study","journal_title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","journal_issn":"0891-3668","published_at":"2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:14.337Z","updated_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:14.337Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"age_group","value":"infant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Metapneumovirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"modality","value":"Supportive Care","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=312","value_numeric":312},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Multicenter Observational Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"warning","value":"Specific adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals from logistic regression models were not available in the provided text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study population is limited to tertiary care centers in Italy; severity estimates (e.g., 10.6% PICU rate) may not reflect community or lower-resource settings.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/inf.0000000000005295","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text of the article was not accessible in the provided document — the PDF content appears to be a Lippincott publisher permissions page rather than the article itself. All structured data were derived exclusively from the abstract and results sections provided in the metadata.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multicenter observational study across 11 Italian tertiary care centers evaluated the epidemiology, clinical features, and severity predictors of hMPV-associated hospitalizations in children (≥48 hours admission, lab-confirmed) between January 2023 and June 2025, in the post-COVID-19 period.","key_result":"Among 312 hospitalized children (median age 14 months; 44.6% infants <1 year), 67.5% required oxygen supplementation and 10.6% were admitted to the PICU. Co-detected pathogens were found in 47.1% but did not significantly affect severity. Comorbidities, moderate-to-severe respiratory distress, dehydration, and higher base excess were independently associated with prolonged hospitalization (>7 days) and PICU admission.","limitations":"Single-country tertiary center design limits generalizability to community or lower-acuity settings. The study is observational, so causality cannot be inferred from identified predictors. Full-text data were not retrievable from the provided document, limiting detail on specific regression estimates.","practice_takeaway":"Bedside assessment of respiratory distress severity, hydration status, and underlying comorbidities can help clinicians stratify hMPV-infected children at highest risk for PICU admission or prolonged stay. Co-infection did not worsen outcomes, supporting a more selective approach to antibiotic use in this population."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","pmid":"42168898","title":"Global burden of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections in older adults: a secondary analysis of the MICROBE database (1990–2021)","journal_title":"BMC Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1471-2334","published_at":"2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:29.394Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:29.394Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Staphylococcus aureus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"generic","value":"methicillin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=204","value_numeric":204},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Secondary Database Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Resistance-attributable mortality is defined as excess deaths from resistant vs. susceptible infections — this is a comparative, not absolute, measure and may not capture the full MRSA burden.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects geographic units (204 countries/territories), not individual patients — no patient-level N is reported. Level of evidence set to 3 reflecting large-scale observational/modeled secondary analysis.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12879-026-13649-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The MICROBE database relies on modeled estimates; data completeness and accuracy vary substantially across low- and middle-income countries, which may affect regional comparisons.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This secondary analysis of the MICROBE database examined global mortality trends and DALYs from *S. aureus* lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) — including MRSA-attributable burden — in adults aged ≥70 years across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.","key_result":"In 2021, *S. aureus* caused 250,347 LRTI deaths in older adults (≥70 years) — a 200% increase since 1990. MRSA age-standardized mortality in this group was 36.4% higher in 2021 vs. 1990, with rates 6.7-fold higher than adults aged 50–69. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest mortality rate (74.7 per 100,000), while absolute numbers were greatest in high-income countries.","limitations":"- Secondary analysis of modeled database estimates (MICROBE/GBD framework); underlying data quality varies widely by country and region.\n- Resistance-attributable burden is defined as excess mortality of resistant vs. susceptible infections, which may underestimate total MRSA impact.\n- No causal inference possible; confounders such as comorbidity burden and healthcare access are not directly accounted for.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians managing LRTIs in adults ≥70 should maintain a high index of suspicion for MRSA, particularly in high-risk or resource-limited settings. Robust antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention programs targeted at older adults are urgently needed given the sustained, decades-long rise in burden."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","pmid":"42107385","title":"Effectiveness of nirsevimab immunisation after birth versus RSVpreF maternal vaccination in preventing RSV-related hospitalisations in infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study","journal_title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","journal_issn":"2352-4642","published_at":"2026-05-07T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","source_score":17,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-15T13:23:08.330Z","updated_at":"2026-05-15T13:23:08.330Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"age_group","value":"infant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"brand","value":"Abrysvo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"brand","value":"Beyfortus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"generic","value":"nirsevimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"generic","value":"RSVpreF vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"modality","value":"Maternal Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"modality","value":"Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=164140","value_numeric":164140},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"Gestational age at RSVpreF vaccination in the study was 28–36 weeks, meaning the ≥8-week-before-delivery subgroup represents earlier vaccination; generalisability to programmes with different scheduling windows may be limited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"The brand name for RSVpreF vaccine is listed as 'Abrysvo' (Pfizer); the study does not specify the brand explicitly — this is inferred from context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2352-4642(26)00075-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of practice_changing is applied because the ≥8-week RSVpreF timing finding directly informs public health policy, though the finding is exploratory/secondary and should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This population-based retrospective cohort study compared the effectiveness of nirsevimab given at birth versus RSVpreF maternal vaccination (28–36 weeks gestation) in preventing RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations in infants up to age 6 months during the 2024–25 RSV season in metropolitan France (n=164,140 total; 42,098 matched pairs).","key_result":"Nirsevimab was associated with a 22% lower odds of RSV-related LRTI hospitalisation vs. RSVpreF vaccination (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.86); absolute rates were 0.83% (350/42,098) vs. 0.96% (403/42,098). When RSVpreF was given ≥8 weeks before delivery, no statistically significant difference was found (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.77–1.32).","limitations":"- Retrospective observational design with residual confounding despite propensity score adjustment.\n- RSVpreF was only introduced in 2024, so vaccine uptake and timing patterns may reflect early-adopter behaviour not generalizable to future seasons.\n- Matching on birth date, region, and sex may not fully account for clinical risk factors (e.g., prematurity, comorbidities).","practice_takeaway":"Nirsevimab at birth provides modestly better RSV-LRTI hospitalisation protection than RSVpreF maternal vaccine overall, but RSVpreF given ≥8 weeks before delivery may close that gap — clinicians counselling pregnant patients should factor in gestational timing when discussing maternal vaccination. Both strategies substantially reduce burden; the choice may hinge on vaccination timing feasibility."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","pmid":"42070554","title":"Real-world effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against all-cause outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the USA: a retrospective cohort study","journal_title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1473-3099","published_at":"2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","source_score":21,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:25.633Z","updated_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:25.633Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Prevnar 20","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Community-Acquired Pneumonia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Invasive Pneumococcal Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pneumococcal Pneumonia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=16503552","value_numeric":16503552},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Funded by Pfizer (PCV20 manufacturer) — sponsorship bias should be considered when interpreting effect sizes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Immunocompromised individuals were overrepresented in the vaccinated group (24.0% vs 20.6%), which may have attenuated effectiveness estimates despite statistical adjustment.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is the first post-licensure effectiveness study for PCV20; findings may not yet be replicated by independent groups.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00115-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Vaccine effectiveness estimates are against all-serotype outcomes, not PCV20-specific serotypes, which may underestimate true serotype-specific effectiveness.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Real-world effectiveness of PCV20 (20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) in Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 in the USA, followed from July 2022 to June 2024, against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumococcal pneumonia, all-cause pneumonia, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), compared to unvaccinated individuals.","key_result":"Adjusted vaccine effectiveness was **25.6%** against all-cause IPD, **23.3%** against all pneumococcal pneumonia, **15.2%** against all-cause pneumonia, and **7.4%** against LRTI. Within the first year, absolute rate reductions were 12.0, 12.8, 758.0, and 636.1 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively.","limitations":"- Observational design with potential residual confounding despite inverse probability weighting.\n- Outcomes identified by ICD-10 codes, not laboratory-confirmed serotyping, so serotype-specific effectiveness cannot be determined.\n- Pfizer-funded study, introducing potential sponsorship bias.","practice_takeaway":"PCV20 offers measurable real-world protection in adults ≥65, with the largest absolute benefit seen against all-cause pneumonia and LRTIs within the first year of vaccination. Clinicians can cite this data to support PCV20 recommendation in older adults, including immunocompromised patients."}},{"doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","pmid":"41501610","title":"Reduced Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Infants after Universal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization, Italy, 2024–25","journal_title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1080-6040","published_at":"2026-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.250870","source_score":13,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-14","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","days":"7","issn":"1080-6059","rank":"8","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"13","category":"Infectious Diseases","categories":["Infectious Diseases"],"_categories":["Infectious Diseases"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","title":"Reduced Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Infants after Universal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization, Italy, 2024-25.","journal":"Emerging infectious diseases","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"$30","keywords":["Italy","immunization","respiratory infections","respiratory syncytial virus","respiratory viruses","surveillance","syndromic surveillance","viruses"],"pubmed_id":"41501610","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.250870","ISSN":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"1","score":1,"title":["Reduced Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Infants after Universal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization, Italy, 2024–25"],"author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Villa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Scarioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Pigozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Maffeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Maistrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bagarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Scovenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Morani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marlen","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Agosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Borriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Bertolaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Vezzosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Baldanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Melazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Azzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"del Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Cereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":null,"family":null,"sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"member":"1822","prefix":"10.3201","source":"Crossref","volume":"32","created":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:49:44Z","timestamp":1767890984000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:18:17Z","timestamp":1767907097299,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"subject":[],"abstract":null,"relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/1/25-0870_article"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:49:47Z","timestamp":1767890987000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1080-6040"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1080-6059"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1093/cid/ciab509","key":"key-10.3201/eid3201.250870-202601071623-R1","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Blau","volume":"73","first-page":"S218","unstructured":null,"article-title":"CHAMPS Consortium. Deaths attributed to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in high-mortality rate settings: report from Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"key-10.3201/eid3201.250870-202601071623-R2","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. Beyfortus (nirsevimab) [cited 2025 May 23]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/beyfortus","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa2110275","key":"key-10.3201/eid3201.250870-202601071623-R3","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Hammitt","volume":"386","first-page":"837","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa1913556","key":"key-10.3201/eid3201.250870-202601071623-R4","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Griffin","volume":"383","first-page":"415","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Single-dose nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in preterm infants.","journal-title":"N Engl J 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Dis."],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","is_oa":true,"title":"Reduced Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Infants after Universal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization, Italy, 2024–25","updated":"2026-01-10T04:46:20+00:00","published_date":"2026-01-01","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.250870","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.250870"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-16T11:56:46.634Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T12:05:26.220Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"age_group","value":"infant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"condition","value":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"generic","value":"nirsevimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"modality","value":"Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Interrupted Time Series","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"warning","value":"Interrupted time series approach is mentioned, but model specifications and historical baseline details are not provided.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only abstract content is available here; sample size, coverage, and absolute event counts are not reported.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250870","tag_type":"warning","value":"Setting is a single Italian region using syndromic surveillance; laboratory confirmation details and case definitions are not described in the provided text.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A region in Italy implemented universal nirsevimab immunization for infants <12 months during the 2024–25 winter and evaluated effects on emergency department visits (EDVs) and hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and RSV using regional syndromic surveillance and an interrupted time series versus historical trends. Children 1–5 years (not eligible) served as a comparison group to gauge background RSV circulation.","key_result":"Among infants, EDVs for acute LRTIs decreased by 42.7% and hospitalizations by 46.5%; EDVs for RSV decreased by 49.3% and hospitalizations by 55.0%. No reductions occurred among children 1–5 years, indicating ongoing RSV circulation.","practice_takeaway":"Universal infant nirsevimab immunization was associated with large reductions in RSV-related ED visits and hospitalizations in this regional program. The absence of change in older, noneligible children supports an intervention effect and supports adopting universal infant nirsevimab during RSV season."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5280","pmid":"41428293","title":"Nirsevimab Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants","journal_title":"JAMA Pediatrics","journal_issn":"2168-6203","published_at":"2025-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12723597/","source_score":89,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-25","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5280","days":"30","issn":"2168-6203","rank":"9","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"89","category":"Pediatrics","categories":["Pediatrics"],"_categories":["Pediatrics"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5280","title":"Nirsevimab Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants: A Meta-Analysis.","journal":"JAMA pediatrics","methods":"","results":"Of 1752 records screened, 15 studies met inclusion criteria; 11 studies were from 5 countries included in the meta-analysis, comprising 236 764 infants and children in the nirsevimab group and 27 522 in the control group. Compared with controls, nirsevimab was associated with lower odds of all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.28-0.53), all-cause LRTI-related ED visits (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73), and RSV-LRTI-related ED visits (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.47). No significant difference was observed in all-cause hospitalizations (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.14-2.20) between the nirsevimab and control groups.","abstract":"$31","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41428293","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5280","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5280","ISSN":["2168-6203"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/articlepdf/2842555/jamapediatrics_sumsuzzman_2025_oi_250073_1764782695.8646.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Nirsevimab Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants"],"author":[{"given":"Dewan Md.","family":"Sumsuzzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, Ontario, 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Eleven studies from 5 countries (nirsevimab n=236,764; controls n=27,522) were pooled.","key_result":"Compared with controls, nirsevimab was associated with lower odds of all-cause LRTI-related hospitalization (OR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.28–0.53), all-cause LRTI-related ED visits (OR 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37–0.73), and RSV-LRTI-related ED visits (OR 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13–0.47). There was no significant difference in all-cause hospitalizations (OR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.14–2.20).","limitations":"Findings are based on postlicensure observational studies rather than randomized trials. Only 11 of 15 eligible studies from 5 countries were included in the meta-analysis.","practice_takeaway":"In routine practice, nirsevimab programs were associated with fewer LRTI-related hospitalizations and ED visits in infants and young children, supporting its use to reduce respiratory-related morbidity. All-cause hospitalizations did not decrease."}}],"initialOffset":9,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Lower Respiratory Tract Infection"}}}]]

Papers