2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T66f,To characterize MMR vaccine hesitancy in US adults amid the 2025 measles outbreaks, with specific focus on the role of an individual's media habits. We conducted an online panel survey in August 2025, with 2970 US-based, English-speaking adults (≥18 yrs). We conducted bivariate analyses with chi-square tests to characterize differences between hesitant and non-hesitant adults. We used logistic regression modeling to identify factors associated with MMR hesitancy. Overall, 17% (n = 501) of adults believed the risks of MMR outweighed the benefits. Most adults engaged with a wide range of digital media, but engagement with "new" right media outlets (e.g., Breitbart) was associated with increased odds of MMR hesitancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64, 2.82). Seeking health information from non-authoritative sources both online (e.g., social media influencers AOR = 1.41; CI = 1.06, 1.98; alternative health newsletters AOR = 1.39; CI = 1.01, 1.90) and offline (e.g., alternative health practitioners AOR = 1.70; CI = 1.31; 2.35) was also associated with increased odds of MMR hesitancy. In an increasingly fragmented information ecosystem where news coverage of public health events is politically polarized, individual media and health information seeking preferences emerge as key correlates of MMR vaccine hesitancy. Specifically, engagement with "new" right media and seeking health information from alternative healthcare providers were the strongest associated factors with MMR hesitancy, whereas reliance on physicians for health information had the most protective effect.31:T8b8,Childhood vaccination rates have declined in many US states, contributing to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and raising concerns about policy effectiveness amid growing vaccine hesitancy. To evaluate the association between state repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and kindergarten vaccination rates. This cross-sectional study used annual state-level kindergarten vaccination and exemption data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for school years 2011 through 2023. A staggered difference-in-differences design compared states that repealed nonmedical exemptions with states that maintained such policies. The study included kindergarten students in US public and private schools across 37 to 43 states, depending on the outcome measure. Total repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in California (2015), New York (2019), Maine (2019), and Connecticut (2021). Partial repeal in Vermont (2015) and Washington (2019) was analyzed separately. State-level kindergarten vaccination rates for diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP), hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), and poliovirus (polio) vaccines; rates of medical and nonmedical exemptions. Among 4 states with total repeal affecting approximately 2.8 million kindergarten students, repeal of nonmedical exemptions reduced overall exemption rates by 3.2 (95% CI, 1.9-4.4) percentage points within 3 years. Compared with nonrepeal states, vaccination rates rose by 4.1 (95% CI, 3.3-4.9) percentage points for DTaP, 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1-3.5) percentage points for hepatitis B, 4.0 (95% CI, 3.1-4.9) percentage points for MMR, and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.9-4.6) percentage points for polio. Minimal substitution toward medical exemptions occurred, an increase of only 0.4 (95% CI, 0.04-0.7) percentage points. Partial repeal of nonmedical exemptions demonstrated smaller, less persistent increases in vaccination rates. State repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions was associated with increased kindergarten vaccination rates with minimal substitution toward medical exemptions. These findings suggest that nonmedical exemption repeal played a role in maintaining vaccination coverage in repeal states during a period of heightened vaccine hesitancy.32:Td8c, Importance Childhood vaccination rates have declined in many US states, contributing to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and raising concerns about policy effectiveness amid growing vaccine hesitancy. Objective To evaluate the association between state repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and kindergarten vaccination rates. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used annual state-level kindergarten vaccination and exemption data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for school years 2011 through 2023. A staggered difference-in-differences design compared states that repealed nonmedical exemptions with states that maintained such policies. The study included kindergarten students in US public and private schools across 37 to 43 states, depending on the outcome measure. Exposures Total repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in California (2015), New York (2019), Maine (2019), and Connecticut (2021). Partial repeal in Vermont (2015) and Washington (2019) was analyzed separately. Main Outcomes and Measures State-level kindergarten vaccination rates for diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP), hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), and poliovirus (polio) vaccines; rates of medical and nonmedical exemptions. Results Among 4 states with total repeal affecting approximately 2.8 million kindergarten students, repeal of nonmedical exemptions reduced overall exemption rates by 3.2 (95% CI, 1.9-4.4) percentage points within 3 years. Compared with nonrepeal states, vaccination rates rose by 4.1 (95% CI, 3.3-4.9) percentage points for DTaP, 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1-3.5) percentage points for hepatitis B, 4.0 (95% CI, 3.1-4.9) percentage points for MMR, and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.9-4.6) percentage points for polio. Minimal substitution toward medical exemptions occurred, an increase of only 0.4 (95% CI, 0.04-0.7) percentage points. Partial repeal of nonmedical exemptions demonstrated smaller, less persistent increases in vaccination rates. Conclusions and Relevance State repeal of nonmedical vaccine exemptions was associated with increased kindergarten vaccination rates with minimal substitution toward medical exemptions. These findings suggest that nonmedical exemption repeal played a role in maintaining vaccination coverage in repeal states during a period of heightened vaccine hesitancy. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Measles: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Measles (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Interpret numeric tags accordingly.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A systematic literature review of U.S. measles outbreak costs (2000–2025) across all 50 states, drawing on 19 articles and 8 gray-literature reports to estimate how costs scale with outbreak size from the medical provider and public health perspectives.","key_result":"Average cost per measles case was **$43,203.65** (range: $33,415.75 from provider perspective to $58,591.50 including public health response). Fixed costs of initiating any outbreak response were ~**$297,747** (95% CI: $4,538–$590,956), with an incremental cost of **$16,300** per additional case. Cost elasticity relative to outbreak size was **0.86** (95% CI: 0.65–1.07), meaning costs grow slightly less than proportionally with outbreak size.","limitations":"- Only 19 articles yielded usable data, with wide confidence intervals on fixed-cost estimates, suggesting high heterogeneity across studies.\n- Outbreak sizes varied enormously (1–802 cases), making cost comparisons across settings difficult.\n- Gray literature and CDC/state reports were included, introducing potential reporting inconsistencies.","practice_takeaway":"Even a single measles case triggers roughly **$298,000** in fixed public health response costs before any per-case expenses — underscoring that vaccination and outbreak preparedness are far cheaper than containment. Clinicians and health systems should use the **$16,300 per-case incremental cost** figure when modeling budget impact of any uncontrolled outbreak."}},{"doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","pmid":"42599107","title":"Do vaccinated cases transmit measles? A systematic review and meta-analysis","journal_title":"Expert Review of Vaccines","journal_issn":"1476-0584","published_at":"2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","source_score":26,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-23T07:33:10.391Z","updated_at":"2026-08-23T07:33:10.391Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"generic","value":"measles-containing vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"modality","value":"Live Attenuated Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=70","value_numeric":70},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects the 70 vaccinated transmitters analyzed, not a single enrolled cohort; the 33 included studies vary in design and setting, which may limit meta-analytic comparability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper is dated August 14, 2026, which is very recent; it has not yet had opportunity for post-publication peer commentary or replication.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/14760584.2026.2708188","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' flag is applied cautiously — the finding challenges a common assumption (vaccinated = non-transmissible), but the absolute frequency of these events remains low.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether vaccinated individuals can transmit measles, analyzing transmission characteristics by disease burden setting, number of vaccine doses, and time since vaccination across 33 included studies.","key_result":"70 vaccinated individuals (≥1 dose of measles-containing vaccine) transmitted measles, generating 237 direct secondary cases; tracing subsequent generations yielded 812 total cases, with a median of 4 (IQR: 1–10) cases per vaccinated transmitter. Vaccinated transmitters in elimination settings were slightly older (median 19 years) than those in non-elimination settings (median 16 years), though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12).","limitations":"- The p-value for the age difference between elimination vs. non-elimination settings was non-significant (p = 0.12), limiting conclusions about that comparison.\n- Only 33 articles were included from nearly 12,000 records, suggesting these events are rare and findings may reflect publication or reporting bias toward outbreak investigations.\n- Gray literature was limited (22 records), which may undercount real-world transmission events.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians and public health teams should not rule out vaccinated individuals as potential measles transmitters during outbreak investigations. Even fully vaccinated contacts may warrant follow-up, particularly in elimination settings where chains of transmission can still propagate."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","pmid":"42594935","title":"A Pox on Fools: The Grifters and Cynics Who Want Us To Reject Vaccines","journal_title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine","journal_issn":"2213-2600","published_at":"2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:11.269Z","updated_at":"2026-08-21T06:28:11.269Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pertussis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Poliomyelitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vaccine-Preventable Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Book Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is classified as 'Book Review'; level of evidence is set to 7 (expert opinion/narrative) accordingly.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'safety_signal' impact flag reflects the documented public health consequences of declining vaccination coverage described in the review, not a pharmacovigilance signal from a clinical trial.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00260-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a book review, not a clinical study — no patient data, statistics, or experimental methodology are present. Tags and summaries reflect the policy/public health content of the review rather than empirical findings.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This is a book review of *A Pox on Fools: The Grifters and Cynics Who Want Us To Reject Vaccines* by Thomas Levenson, which examines the history of vaccine scepticism and the political dismantling of US vaccine infrastructure, with RFK Jr's leadership of HHS as its central focus.","key_result":"The book documents specific policy actions since 2025, including appointment of vaccine critics to CDC advisory committees and withdrawal of ~$500 million in mRNA vaccine funding; it argues vaccine scepticism is an existential threat to public health, set against the backdrop of the largest US measles outbreak since 1991.","limitations":"This is a book review, not a primary research study — no empirical data, methods, or outcomes are reported. The reviewed book itself is described as not including original interviews.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should be aware of the accelerating erosion of US vaccine infrastructure and be prepared to counter vaccine misinformation with historical context — reminding patients of the concrete harms of vaccine-preventable diseases before outbreaks force the lesson."}},{"doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","pmid":"42532870","title":"Yonder","journal_title":"British Journal of General Practice","journal_issn":"0960-1643","published_at":"2026-07-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp26x746241","source_score":8,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-04T18:18:13.272Z","updated_at":"2026-08-04T18:18:13.272Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"category","value":"Primary Health Care","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"condition","value":"Learning Disability","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"condition","value":"Musculoskeletal Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"generic","value":"measles-mumps-rubella vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccination","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=150949","value_numeric":150949},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review / Curated Research Summary","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"warning","value":"Australian GP registrar findings (formative assessment predicting performance) may have limited direct applicability to UK GP training systems.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects the largest individual study cited (MMR/residential mobility, n=150,949); other studies have different and unreported sample sizes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design label is approximate; each underlying study is a retrospective cohort, but this article itself is a narrative summary.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.3399/bjgp26x746241","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a curated column summarising four separate studies, not a single primary study — tags and summaries reflect the aggregate content.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This is a narrative summary column ('Yonder') covering four primary care studies: (1) cancer diagnosis pathways in patients with learning disabilities (PWLD) in England; (2) residential mobility and MMR1 vaccination uptake in 150,949 children in North East London; (3) the proportion of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) consultations in Dutch general practice (2.5 million patients, 2017–2023); and (4) whether formative pre-training assessments predict summative exam performance in Australian GP registrars (2011–2015).","key_result":"Key findings across the four studies: (1) PWLD had ~4× the odds of dying within 30 days of cancer diagnosis and were more likely diagnosed via emergency presentation; (2) children with ≥3 GP-recorded addresses had only 68.7% MMR1 uptake vs. 87.6% for those with one address (OR 0.31); (3) MSDs were the leading consultation reason in Dutch general practice at 11.3–12.6%, mostly in patients aged ≥45; (4) both written and OSCE formative assessments at training commencement were significantly predictive of later summative exam outcomes (small to moderate effect sizes).","limitations":"As a summary column, primary study details (confounders, generalisability, effect size precision) are not fully reported; findings from the Netherlands and Australia may not directly translate to UK general practice contexts.","practice_takeaway":"GPs should actively support earlier cancer investigation for PWLD and flag frequently moving families for proactive MMR vaccination outreach. Musculoskeletal medicine remains a high-volume area requiring maintained GP skills, even as first-contact physiotherapists become routine."}},{"doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","pmid":"42456149","title":"A Regional Measles Outbreak — South Carolina, 2025–2026","journal_title":"New England Journal of Medicine","journal_issn":"0028-4793","published_at":"2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2605131","source_score":411,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-01T13:21:55.096Z","updated_at":"2026-08-01T13:21:55.096Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"generic","value":"measles-mumps-rubella vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Outbreak Report","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design classified as 'Outbreak Report' (correspondence format in NEJM); level of evidence set to 4 accordingly.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"warning","value":"The source text provides only the paper's metadata (title, DOI, journal, date) without the full article body; all extracted content is based solely on the title and contextual inference from the paper's metadata. Specific case counts, attack rates, age distributions, and outcome data could not be verified.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1056/nejmc2605131","tag_type":"warning","value":"Today's date is August 1, 2026; this paper was published July 15, 2026 — it is very recent and may not yet have broader peer review or replication.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A regional measles outbreak in South Carolina from 2025 to 2026 was described, examining case characteristics, transmission patterns, and public health response in the context of declining vaccination rates.","limitations":"This is a correspondence/outbreak report, which limits the depth of epidemiological analysis; specific case counts, vaccination rates, and outcome data are not available from the provided source text.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should verify measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination status in all eligible patients and maintain a high index of suspicion for measles in febrile rash illness, especially in under-vaccinated communities."}},{"doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","pmid":"42413952","title":"Measles-Associated Stridor","journal_title":"Pediatrics","journal_issn":"0031-4005","published_at":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-075788","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-20T13:36:09.440Z","updated_at":"2026-07-20T13:36:09.440Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","tag_type":"condition","value":"Stridor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-075788","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only the paper's title, DOI, journal, and publication date were provided — no abstract, methods, results, or full text were available. Summaries, tags, and evidence levels cannot be meaningfully populated beyond the title's implied content. Key results, limitations, sample size, study design, and practice takeaways are all indeterminable from the available metadata alone.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"The paper evaluates measles-associated stridor, likely examining its clinical presentation, etiology, or management in a pediatric population."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","pmid":"42330775","title":"Vaccine coverage and quarantine during a school-based measles outbreak, South Carolina, USA, 2025–2026","journal_title":"Vaccine","journal_issn":"0264-410X","published_at":"2026-06-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","source_score":17,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-02T13:33:14.956Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T13:33:14.956Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Outbreak Investigation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only bibliographic metadata was provided — no abstract or full paper text was available. Summaries, tags, and key results could not be drawn from actual study content. Quantitative findings, sample size, sex distribution, and specific outcomes are all unknown.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"warning","value":"Publication date (2026-06-23) is very recent relative to today (2026-07-02); full indexing and open-access availability may be limited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128860","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design tag is inferred from the title ('outbreak') but could be an observational cohort, case series, or descriptive epidemiological report — exact design is unconfirmed.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined vaccine coverage rates and quarantine measures during a school-based measles outbreak in South Carolina, USA, occurring across the 2025–2026 period, assessing their role in outbreak control.","limitations":"Full paper text was not provided; specific outcome data, sample sizes, and quantitative findings cannot be verified or extracted."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","pmid":"42223944","title":"Internet Searches for Vitamin A and Related Media Statements During the 2025 US Measles Outbreak","journal_title":"JAMA Network Open","journal_issn":"2574-3805","published_at":"2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","source_score":192,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:43.099Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:23:43.099Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"generic","value":"cod liver oil","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"generic","value":"vitamin A","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"modality","value":"Dietary Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size (N) is reported; the study uses aggregated Google Search Trends data rather than individual-level patient data, so a sample_size tag was omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is classified as cross-sectional per the abstract, but the Bayesian interrupted time series component introduces quasi-experimental elements that may warrant a different label depending on context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15013","tag_type":"warning","value":"This paper is the supplemental methods document; primary findings and figures reside in the main article and an external GitHub repository, limiting full appraisal of effect sizes from this text alone.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cross-sectional study analyzed US Google Search Trends for 'vitamin A + measles' and 'cod liver + measles' during the 2025 measles outbreak, alongside a systematic search for related governmental media statements (January 1–June 1, 2025), to assess how official messaging shaped public interest in alternative measles treatments.","key_result":"Anomaly detection flagged significant search spikes for vitamin A–measles on Feb 26–27, Mar 4, and Mar 27–28, 2025, and for cod liver–measles on Mar 4–5, 11, and 27–28, 2025; Bayesian interrupted time series analysis using Feb 19, 2025 (first favorable governmental mention of vitamin A) as the intervention point showed measurable post-intervention increases in search interest above the counterfactual.","limitations":"- The media-bias adjustment assumes a linear, additive relationship between media-driven and organic search interest, which may not hold during rapid information cascades.\n- Only national-level governmental sources were included; state/local and non-governmental influencers were excluded, potentially underestimating the full media landscape.\n- Google Search Trends provide relative, not absolute, search volumes, limiting direct inference about the number of people seeking this information.","practice_takeaway":"Government statements positively framing vitamin A for measles were temporally linked to sharp surges in public internet searches for unproven alternative treatments. Clinicians should anticipate patient questions about vitamin A and cod liver oil during measles outbreaks, especially after high-profile official communications."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","pmid":"42030678","title":"MMR vaccine hesitancy in a polarized information ecosystem: Results from a cross-sectional survey of US adults","journal_title":"Vaccine","journal_issn":"0264-410X","published_at":"2026-04-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","source_score":138,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-26","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","days":"30","issn":"0264-410X","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"138","category":"Immunology","categories":["Immunology"],"_categories":["Immunology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","title":"MMR vaccine hesitancy in a polarized information ecosystem: Results from a cross-sectional survey of US adults.","journal":"Vaccine","methods":"","results":"Overall, 17% (n = 501) of adults believed the risks of MMR outweighed the benefits. Most adults engaged with a wide range of digital media, but engagement with \"new\" right media outlets (e.g., Breitbart) was associated with increased odds of MMR hesitancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64, 2.82). Seeking health information from non-authoritative sources both online (e.g., social media influencers AOR = 1.41; CI = 1.06, 1.98; alternative health newsletters AOR = 1.39; CI = 1.01, 1.90) and offline (e.g., alternative health practitioners AOR = 1.70; CI = 1.31; 2.35) was also associated with increased odds of MMR hesitancy.","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42030678","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568","ISSN":["0264-410X"],"link":[{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0264410X26003762?httpAccept=text/xml","content-type":"text/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0264410X26003762?httpAccept=text/plain","content-type":"text/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"page":"128568","type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["MMR vaccine hesitancy in a polarized information ecosystem: Results from a cross-sectional survey of US adults"],"author":[{"given":"Amelia M.","family":"Jamison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samee","family":"Saiyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100009945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100009945","name":"Merck KGaA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"member":"78","prefix":"10.1016","source":"Crossref","volume":"81","created":{"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:20:52Z","timestamp":1776961252000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:55:30Z","timestamp":1777874130415,"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"stm-asf"},{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"stm-asf"},{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"stm-asf"},{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"stm-asf"},{"URL":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"stm-asf"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X26003762"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by","value":"Elsevier"},{"name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title","value":"MMR vaccine hesitancy in a polarized information ecosystem: Results from a cross-sectional survey of US adults"},{"name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title","value":"Vaccine"},{"name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version","value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568"},{"name":"content_type","label":"Content Type","value":"article"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","value":"© 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:08:15Z","timestamp":1777576095000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-410X"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"publisher":"Elsevier BV","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1001/jama.2025.17812","key":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568_bb0005","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Ahmadi","volume":"334","first-page":"2130","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Tracking County-level measles cases in the US","journal-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128568_bb0010","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Measles Cases and 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Accessed September 1, 2025. http://www.nber.org/papers/w29170","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1101/2025.08.11.25333447","key":"poi250058r50","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Correira? JW, Morrison? KT, Doll? MK. Homeschooling trends before and after the New York state repeal of nonmedical vaccination exemptions.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online August 13, 2025. doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.25333447?","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"short-title":[],"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference-count":51,"published-online":null,"references-count":51,"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"is-referenced-by-count":3},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","is_oa":true,"title":"State Repeal of Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptions and Kindergarten Vaccination Rates","updated":"2026-01-10T04:46:20+00:00","published_date":"2025-10-27","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12560026/","pmh_id":"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12560026","url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12560026/"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-14T18:30:49.575Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T12:05:26.220Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"age_group","value":"child","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatitis B","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pertussis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"condition","value":"Poliomyelitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design described as cross-sectional with a difference-in-differences approach; labeled as cross-sectional for tagging simplicity.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"warning","value":"Outcomes are state-level aggregates; individual-level effects are not reported.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.4185","tag_type":"warning","value":"Population size is approximate (~2.8 million kindergarteners) as reported; exact N not provided.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Annual state-level kindergarten vaccination and exemption data from 2011–2023 were analyzed using a staggered difference-in-differences, comparing states that repealed nonmedical exemptions with states that kept them. Total repeal occurred in California (2015), New York (2019), Maine (2019), and Connecticut (2021); partial repeal in Vermont (2015) and Washington (2019).","key_result":"Across four total-repeal states (~2.8 million kindergarteners), overall exemptions fell by 3.2 percentage points within 3 years (95% CI, 1.9–4.4). Versus nonrepeal states, vaccination rose: DTaP +4.1 (95% CI, 3.3–4.9), hepatitis B +2.8 (95% CI, 2.1–3.5), MMR +4.0 (95% CI, 3.1–4.9), and polio +3.8 (95% CI, 2.9–4.6); medical exemptions increased only 0.4 points (95% CI, 0.04–0.7). Partial repeals showed smaller, less durable gains.","practice_takeaway":"Repealing nonmedical vaccine exemptions was associated with higher kindergarten vaccination coverage and minimal substitution to medical exemptions. During a period of heightened vaccine hesitancy, repeal appeared to help maintain coverage in repeal states."}}],"initialOffset":11,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Measles"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Measles"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Measles"}}}]]

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