2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T4d0,Recurrent miscarriage was most frequent in high-risk women (50.56% vs. 13.48% in low-risk, P < 0.001). The incidence of preeclampsia was 38.20% in the high-risk group compared with 16.85% and 20.23% in the medium- and low-risk groups (P = 0.002). Preterm birth (26.97%) and fetal growth restriction (23.60%) were also significantly more common in the high-risk cohort (both P < 0.01). Fetal distress occurred in 49.44% of high-risk patients, exceeding rates in the medium-risk (32.58%) and low-risk (15.73%) groups (both P < 0.01). Multivariable regression indicated that high-risk profiles were strongly linked to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes (Maternal: OR = 5.013, 95% CI 2.683-9.613; Neonatal: OR = 12.302, 95% CI 6.092-26.283). aPL stratification independently predicted placental abruption, miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, growth restriction, and fetal distress (OR = 1.470-6.938). LA was identified as a predictor of maternal venous thrombosis (OR = 17.556, 95% CI 1.541-200.068), while ACA contributed to preeclampsia risk (OR = 1.778, 95% CI 1.283-2.465). Elevated ACA titers and positive aβ2-GPI results were significant for fetal distress (OR = 1.040 and 1.881).31:T9f6,To characterize patients with non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (NOAPS) and to evaluate how distinct antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profiles relate to adverse gestational outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 350 women diagnosed from November 2021 to July 2024. Collected information included demographic characteristics, aPL stratification, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2-GPIs), lupus anticoagulant (LA), treatment regimens, therapy duration, and obstetric outcomes (such as recurrent miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, premature delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction). Participants were grouped into high-, medium-, and low-risk categories according to aPL stratification. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted in R software, and maternal-fetal outcomes were compared across the three strata. Logistic regression was applied to assess the impact of aPL profiles, and correlation analyses plus heatmaps were used to visualize associations. Recurrent miscarriage was most frequent in high-risk women (50.56% vs. 13.48% in low-risk, P < 0.001). The incidence of preeclampsia was 38.20% in the high-risk group compared with 16.85% and 20.23% in the medium- and low-risk groups (P = 0.002). Preterm birth (26.97%) and fetal growth restriction (23.60%) were also significantly more common in the high-risk cohort (both P < 0.01). Fetal distress occurred in 49.44% of high-risk patients, exceeding rates in the medium-risk (32.58%) and low-risk (15.73%) groups (both P < 0.01). Multivariable regression indicated that high-risk profiles were strongly linked to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes (Maternal: OR = 5.013, 95% CI 2.683-9.613; Neonatal: OR = 12.302, 95% CI 6.092-26.283). aPL stratification independently predicted placental abruption, miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, growth restriction, and fetal distress (OR = 1.470-6.938). LA was identified as a predictor of maternal venous thrombosis (OR = 17.556, 95% CI 1.541-200.068), while ACA contributed to preeclampsia risk (OR = 1.778, 95% CI 1.283-2.465). Elevated ACA titers and positive aβ2-GPI results were significant for fetal distress (OR = 1.040 and 1.881). In NOAPS patients, risk stratification based on aPL antibody types, titers, and combination patterns can effectively predict adverse maternal-neonatal pregnancy outcomes. High-risk patients often need prompt, intensive anticoagulant therapy together with coordinated multidisciplinary surveillance.32:T5d9,Prothrombotic fibrin clot properties and increased thrombin generation were observed in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS), but the role of complement in the prothrombotic state is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether circulating C5a and C5b-9 levels are associated with fibrin clot phenotype and thrombin generation in women with OAPS, and to assess their prognostic value for thrombotic events and obstetric outcomes during long-term follow-up. In this retrospective study, in 57 women with OAPS, and 57 controls matched for age, weight, and the type of obstetric complications complement components including C5a and C5b-9 levels, along with endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), plasma fibrin clot permeability (K OAPS patients compared to controls had higher circulating C5a (+ 95.7%) and C5b-9 (+ 44.8%; both p < 0.05), that were positively associated with IgG anticardiolipin, anti-ß-2-glycoprotein I, and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies. Elevated C5a and C5b-9 correlated with reduced clot permeability (K Determination of complement components along with fibrin clot properties may be helpful to differentiate women with OAPS with a greater risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. Key Points • Enhanced complement activation with increased thrombin generation and prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype is observed in women with OAPS. • Higher C5a and C5b-9 in women with OAPS are observed in women with lower chances of live births during follow-up.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Obstetric%20Antiphospholipid%20Syndrome\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Conditions\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Obstetric%20Antiphospholipid%20Syndrome\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Discover peer-reviewed research on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome with concise clinician summaries and next-step guidance.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","pmid":"41872978","title":"Assessing the Sensitivity and the Clinical Impact of the 2023 American College of Rheumatology/\n EULAR\n Classification Criteria in Obstetric Antiphospholid Syndrome: Findings From a Multicenter Italian Cohort With a Long‐Term Follow‐Up","journal_title":"Arthritis Care & Research","journal_issn":"2151-464X","published_at":"2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.80040","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-08T13:23:38.781Z","updated_at":"2026-05-08T13:23:38.781Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"condition","value":"Antiphospholipid Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"modality","value":"Classification Criteria Validation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=122","value_numeric":122},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"warning","value":"Follow-up pregnancy event rate is reported as a proportion of those who became pregnant, not the full cohort; denominator for this subgroup is not explicitly stated in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sensitivity figure of 23% applies specifically to primary obstetric APS; it should not be extrapolated to thrombotic APS or secondary APS populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/acr.80040","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria were designed for classification (research enrollment), not diagnosis or treatment eligibility — the paper's safety signal hinges on clinicians conflating these roles.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multicenter retrospective Italian cohort study evaluated the sensitivity of the 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria vs. the 2006 Sydney criteria in 122 women with primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (oAPS), and assessed whether classification status predicted future pregnancy complications over 1- and 5-year follow-up (2006–2023).","key_result":"Only 23% of women met the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria, vs. 75.4% under the Sydney criteria. Over 5 years, more than one-quarter of pregnant patients had new obstetric events — and most of these women did **not** fulfill the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria. Key exclusion reasons: isolated fetal loss (56.4%), isolated IgM aPL positivity (4.3%), or both (5.3%).","limitations":"- Retrospective design with potential for selection and ascertainment bias.\n- Single-country, two-center cohort limits generalizability.\n- Small sample size (n=122) restricts statistical power, especially for follow-up subgroup analyses.","practice_takeaway":"The 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria miss the vast majority of women with clinically diagnosed oAPS and do not reliably flag those at risk of recurrent pregnancy loss — use them as classification tools, not as gatekeepers for treatment decisions. Women with isolated fetal losses or IgM aPL positivity who don't meet these criteria should still receive individualized clinical risk assessment."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","pmid":"41514198","title":"Clinical features of non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective cohort study on antibody-based risk classification and pregnancy outcomes","journal_title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","journal_issn":"1471-2393","published_at":"2026-01-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-15","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","days":"7","issn":"1471-2393","rank":"8","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"2","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","title":"Clinical features of non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective cohort study on antibody-based risk classification and pregnancy outcomes.","journal":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth","methods":"","results":"$30","abstract":"$31","keywords":["Antiphospholipid antibody risk stratification","Non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome","Pregnancy outcomes","Propensity score matching"],"pubmed_id":"41514198","conclusions":"In NOAPS patients, risk stratification based on aPL antibody types, titers, and combination patterns can effectively predict adverse maternal-neonatal pregnancy outcomes. High-risk patients often need prompt, intensive anticoagulant therapy together with coordinated multidisciplinary surveillance.","publication_date":"2026-01-10T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","ISSN":["1471-2393"],"link":[{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Clinical features of non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective cohort study on antibody-based risk classification and pregnancy outcomes"],"author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huaping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1186","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:05:29Z","timestamp":1768010729000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-10T06:02:37Z","timestamp":1768024957967,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"am"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"8 October 2025"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"18 December 2025"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":3,"value":"10 January 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"},"order":1},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"},"order":2,"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations such as the Declaration of Helsinki and the patients signed the informed consent form and agreed to be published."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"},"order":3,"value":"Not applicable."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"},"order":4,"value":"The authors declare no competing interests."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1768010737000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2393"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1016/j.medcli.2024.05.001","key":"8606_CR1","year":"2024","issue":"Suppl 1","author":"A Soto-Peleteiro","volume":"163","first-page":"S14","unstructured":"Soto-Peleteiro A, Gonzalez-Echavarri C, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Med Clin (Barc). 2024;163(Suppl 1):S14–21.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/aji.13931","key":"8606_CR2","year":"2024","issue":"3","author":"H Liu","volume":"92","first-page":"e13931","unstructured":"Liu H, Han J, Gao R, Hu Z, Tang Y, Qin L. Clinical features between primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and Non-Criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective study of 1006 cases. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2024;92(3):e13931.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/jcm14041299","key":"8606_CR3","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Beça S, Borrell M, Cervera R, et al. Non-Criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: myth or reality. J Clin Med. 2025;14(4):1299.","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jri.2024.104389","key":"8606_CR4","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"X Qi","volume":"166","first-page":"104389","unstructured":"Qi X, Liu P, Zhou Y, et al. Transcriptomics analysis of differential gene expression and immune and inflammatory response mechanisms in patients with typical and non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS and NC-OAPS). J Reprod Immunol. 2024;166:104389.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood.2023020727","key":"8606_CR5","year":"2024","issue":"9","author":"DW Branch","volume":"143","first-page":"757","unstructured":"Branch DW, Lim MY. How I diagnose and treat antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. Blood. 2024;143(9):757–68.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtha.2024.10.022","key":"8606_CR6","year":"2025","issue":"2","author":"K Devreese","volume":"23","first-page":"731","unstructured":"Devreese K, Bertolaccini ML, Branch DW, et al. An update on laboratory detection and interpretation of antiphospholipid antibodies for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome: guidance from the ISTH-SSC subcommittee on lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid antibodies. J Thromb Haemost. 2025;23(2):731–44.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12884-025-07471-w","key":"8606_CR7","year":"2025","issue":"1","author":"VR Murvai","volume":"25","first-page":"337","unstructured":"Murvai VR, Galiș R, Panaitescu A, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a comprehensive literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):337.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/ard-2023-224930","key":"8606_CR8","year":"2024","issue":"5","author":"C Lu","volume":"83","first-page":"624","unstructured":"Lu C, Gao R, Qing P, et al. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal disturbed decidual homoeostasis in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024;83(5):624–37.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10557-023-07496-3","key":"8606_CR9","year":"2025","issue":"2","author":"L Depietri","volume":"39","first-page":"385","unstructured":"Depietri L, Veropalumbo MR, Leone MC, Ghirarduzzi A. Antiphospholipid syndrome: state of the Art of clinical management. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2025;39(2):385–404.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.027","key":"8606_CR10","year":"2024","issue":"8","author":"JE Manning","volume":"22","first-page":"2156","unstructured":"Manning JE, Arachchillage DJ. Dilemmas in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2024;22(8):2156–70.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.medcli.2023.03.011","key":"8606_CR11","year":"2023","issue":"2","author":"JA Girón-Ortega","volume":"161","first-page":"65","unstructured":"Girón-Ortega JA, Girón-González JA. [Direct-acting oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review]. Med Clin (Barc). 2023;161(2):65–77.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1097/AOG.0000000000005498","key":"8606_CR12","year":"2024","issue":"5","author":"V de Assis","volume":"143","first-page":"645","unstructured":"de Assis V, Giugni CS, Ros ST. Evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(5):645–59.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1182/hematology.2023000493","key":"8606_CR13","year":"2023","issue":"1","author":"A Hubben","volume":"2023","first-page":"606","unstructured":"Hubben A, McCrae KR. How to diagnose and manage antiphospholipid syndrome. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2023;2023(1):606–13.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"8606_CR14","year":"2024","issue":"3","author":"R Gao","volume":"55","first-page":"513","unstructured":"Gao R, Qin L. [Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: insights on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and hot Issues]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024;55(3):513–20.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.placenta.2023.06.013","key":"8606_CR15","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"AS Castellanos Gutierrez","volume":"139","first-page":"92","unstructured":"Castellanos Gutierrez AS, Figueras F, Espinosa G, et al. Correlation of placental lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome and non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and adverse perinatal outcomes. Placenta. 2023;139:92–8.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Placenta","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.medcli.2024.06.002","key":"8606_CR16","year":"2024","issue":"Suppl 1","author":"S Sciascia","volume":"163","first-page":"S4","unstructured":"Sciascia S, Montaruli B, Infantino M. Antiphospholipid antibody testing. Med Clin (Barc). 2024;163(Suppl 1):S4–9.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/kead537","key":"8606_CR17","year":"2024","issue":"SI","author":"L Andreoli","volume":"63","first-page":"SI86","unstructured":"Andreoli L, Regola F, Caproli A, et al. Pregnancy in antiphospholipid syndrome: what should a rheumatologist know. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024;63(SI):SI86–95.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41584-024-01110-y","key":"8606_CR18","year":"2024","issue":"6","author":"JS Knight","volume":"20","first-page":"377","unstructured":"Knight JS, Erkan D. Rethinking antiphospholipid syndrome to guide future management and research. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024;20(6):377–88.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/ard-2023-224609","key":"8606_CR19","year":"2023","issue":"10","author":"M Barbhaiya","volume":"82","first-page":"1258","unstructured":"Barbhaiya M, Zuily S, Naden R, et al. 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(10):1258–70.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.61409/V11230715","key":"8606_CR20","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Hansen RS, Larsen JB, Vinholt PJ, Voss A, Abildgaard A. Antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome. Ugeskr Laeger. 2024;186(21):V11230715.","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jth.13379","key":"8606_CR21","year":"2016","issue":"8","author":"H de Kelchtermans","volume":"14","first-page":"1530","unstructured":"Kelchtermans H, Pelkmans L, de Laat B, Devreese KM. IgG/IgM antiphospholipid antibodies present in the classification criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome: a critical review of their association with thrombosis. J Thromb Haemostasis: JTH. 2016;14(8):1530–48.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis: JTH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.thromres.2015.08.021","key":"8606_CR22","year":"2015","issue":"5","author":"T Iwaniec","volume":"136","first-page":"1033","unstructured":"Iwaniec T, Kaczor MP, Celińska-Löwenhoff M. Polański S&M, J. Clinical utility of automated chemiluminescent antiphospholipid antibody assay. Thromb. 2015;136(5):1033–9.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Thromb","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122127","key":"8606_CR23","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"X Peng","volume":"14","first-page":"1122127","unstructured":"Peng X, Tan X, Xing A. An advanced Understanding of the heterogeneous clinical features of non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: two case reports and a literature review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1122127.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1177/09612033211038054","key":"8606_CR24","year":"2021","issue":"12","author":"C Baleeiro","volume":"30","first-page":"1888","unstructured":"Baleeiro C, Duran CS, Signorelli F, Balbi GG, Bonfá E, Andrade DC. Distinct features of youth-onset primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2021;30(12):1888–95.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Lupus","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"8606_CR25","year":"2019","issue":"216","author":"B Vaidya","volume":"57","first-page":"133","unstructured":"Vaidya B, Nakarmi S, Joshi R, Baral R. A simplified Understanding of the black swan: Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2019;57(216):133–45.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1186/s13317-020-00131-3","key":"8606_CR26","year":"2020","issue":"1","author":"I Volkov","volume":"11","first-page":"8","unstructured":"Volkov I, Seguro L, Leon EP, et al. Profiles of criteria and non-criteria anti-phospholipid autoantibodies are associated with clinical phenotypes of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Auto Immun Highlights. 2020;11(1):8.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/03009742.2022.2082114","key":"8606_CR27","year":"2023","issue":"2","author":"G Pires da Rosa","volume":"52","first-page":"190","unstructured":"Pires da Rosa G, Ferreira E, Sousa-Pinto B, Bettencourt P, Espinosa G, Cervera R. Patients with laboratory criteria of anti-phospholipid syndrome and ‘non-criteria’ manifestations: a multicenter cohort. Scand J Rheumatol. 2023;52(2):190–5.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.20452/pamw.16849","key":"8606_CR28","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Devreese K, Wahl D. Challenges of laboratory testing in patients suspected of antiphospholipid syndrome: practical implications for clinicians. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2024;134(11):16849.","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/aji.13258","key":"8606_CR29","year":"2021","issue":"4","author":"A Beltagy","volume":"85","first-page":"e13258","unstructured":"Beltagy A, Trespidi L, Gerosa M, Ossola MW, Meroni PL, Chighizola CB. Anti-phospholipid antibodies and reproductive failures. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2021;85(4):e13258.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.placenta.2024.06.019","key":"8606_CR30","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"C Gros","volume":"154","first-page":"122","unstructured":"Gros C, Mageau A, Barral T, et al. Criteria and non-criteria antiphospholipid autoantibodies screening in patients with late pregnancy morbidity: A cross-sectional study. Placenta. 2024;154:122–8.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Placenta","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.46497/ArchRheumatol.2023.41875","key":"8606_CR31","year":"2023","issue":"2","author":"A Bahar Keleşoğlu Dinçer","volume":"38","first-page":"163","unstructured":"Bahar Keleşoğlu Dinçer A, Erkan D. The ABCs of antiphospholipid syndrome. Arch Rheumatol. 2023;38(2):163–73.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Arch Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102901","key":"8606_CR32","year":"2021","issue":"10","author":"IJ Walter","volume":"20","first-page":"102901","unstructured":"Walter IJ, Klein Haneveld MJ, Lely AT, Bloemenkamp K, Limper M, Kooiman J. Pregnancy outcome predictors in antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(10):102901.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/keaa499","key":"8606_CR33","year":"2021","issue":"3","author":"A Spinillo","volume":"60","first-page":"1148","unstructured":"Spinillo A, Bellingeri C, Cavagnoli C, et al. Maternal and foetal placental vascular malperfusion in pregnancies with anti-phospholipid antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(3):1148–57.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1445852","key":"8606_CR34","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"K Tanimura","volume":"15","first-page":"1445852","unstructured":"Tanimura K, Saito S, Tsuda S, et al. Low-dose aspirin and heparin treatment improves pregnancy outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss women with anti-β2-glycoprotein I/HLA-DR autoantibodies: a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1445852.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/ijms22084200","key":"8606_CR35","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Huang S, Ninivaggi M, Chayoua W, de Laat B. VWF, Platelets and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):4200.","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"8606_CR36","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"EN Hamulyák","volume":"5","first-page":"CD012852","unstructured":"Hamulyák EN, Scheres LJ, Marijnen MC, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S. Aspirin or heparin or both for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;5:CD012852.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1093/rap/rkaf005","key":"8606_CR37","year":"2025","issue":"1","author":"K Kortright-Maldonado","volume":"9","first-page":"rkaf005","unstructured":"Kortright-Maldonado K, Reyes-Torres BE, Cabrera-Lopez LS, Rodríguez-Henríquez P, Tenorio-Aguirre EK, Martínez-Sánchez FD. Navigating antiphospholipid syndrome: from personalized therapies to cutting-edge research. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2025;9(1):rkaf005.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.clim.2023.109804","key":"8606_CR38","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Z Ding","volume":"256","first-page":"109804","unstructured":"Ding Z, Pan H, Yang Z, Yang C, Shi H. Beyond the classics: the emerging value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Immunol. 2023;256:109804.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"8606_CR39","year":"2021","issue":"4","author":"H Khogeer","volume":"51","first-page":"552","unstructured":"Khogeer H, Altahan S, Alrehaily A, et al. The diagnostic value of new additional antiphospholipid antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2021;51(4):552–6.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12969-022-00732-4","key":"8606_CR40","year":"2022","issue":"1","author":"SA Mahmud","volume":"20","first-page":"70","unstructured":"Mahmud SA, Bullock DR, Correll CK, et al. Non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies and pediatric rheumatic disease: a case series. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2022;20(1):70.","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["8606"],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"reference-count":40,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"references-count":40,"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","is_oa":true,"title":"Clinical features of non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective cohort study on antibody-based risk classification and pregnancy outcomes","updated":"2026-01-11T01:49:12+00:00","published_date":"2026-01-10","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-21T12:05:26.220Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T12:05:26.220Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=350","value_numeric":350},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Findings are from a retrospective cohort; causality cannot be inferred from associations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-08606-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only abstract-level details were available here; center(s), exact group sizes per risk stratum, and management protocols were not specified.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A retrospective cohort of 350 women with non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (diagnosed November 2021–July 2024) was grouped by antiphospholipid antibody risk (high, medium, low) to examine associations between aPL profiles and pregnancy outcomes using propensity score matching and logistic regression.","key_result":"High-risk women had more recurrent miscarriage (50.56% vs 13.48% in low-risk, P<0.001), preeclampsia (38.20% vs 16.85% and 20.23% in medium- and low-risk, P=0.002), preterm birth (26.97%), fetal growth restriction (23.60%), and fetal distress (49.44% vs 32.58% and 15.73%; both P<0.01). High-risk profiles were associated with worse composite outcomes (maternal OR 5.013, 95% CI 2.683–9.613; neonatal OR 12.302, 95% CI 6.092–26.283); aPL stratification predicted multiple adverse events (OR 1.470–6.938), with lupus anticoagulant predicting maternal venous thrombosis (OR 17.556, 95% CI 1.541–200.068) and anticardiolipin antibodies linked to preeclampsia (OR 1.778, 95% CI 1.283–2.465).","limitations":"Retrospective cohort design with analyses based on propensity score matching; details such as group sizes by risk stratum and study setting are not reported in the abstract.","practice_takeaway":"In NOAPS, aPL-based risk stratification (types, titers, combinations) identifies patients at higher risk of miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, growth restriction, and fetal distress; use aPL profiles to guide closer surveillance. The authors conclude high-risk patients often need prompt, intensive anticoagulant therapy with coordinated multidisciplinary care."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","pmid":"41507688","title":"Complement activation and altered fibrin clot properties in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: impact on thromboembolism and pregnancy","journal_title":"Clinical Rheumatology","journal_issn":"0770-3198","published_at":"2026-01-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-13","doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","days":"7","issn":"0770-3198","rank":"10","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"3","category":"Rheumatology","categories":["Rheumatology"],"_categories":["Rheumatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","title":"Complement activation and altered fibrin clot properties in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: impact on thromboembolism and pregnancy.","journal":"Clinical rheumatology","methods":"","results":"OAPS patients compared to controls had higher circulating C5a (+ 95.7%) and C5b-9 (+ 44.8%; both p < 0.05), that were positively associated with IgG anticardiolipin, anti-ß-2-glycoprotein I, and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies. Elevated C5a and C5b-9 correlated with reduced clot permeability (K","abstract":"$32","keywords":["Complement","Fibrinolysis","Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome","Pregnancy","Thromboembolism"],"pubmed_id":"41507688","conclusions":"Determination of complement components along with fibrin clot properties may be helpful to differentiate women with OAPS with a greater risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. Key Points • Enhanced complement activation with increased thrombin generation and prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype is observed in women with OAPS. • Higher C5a and C5b-9 in women with OAPS are observed in women with lower chances of live births during follow-up.","publication_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","ISSN":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"link":[{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Complement activation and altered fibrin clot properties in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: impact on thromboembolism and pregnancy"],"author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Piróg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michał","family":"Ząbczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Natorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anetta","family":"Undas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1007","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:51:21Z","timestamp":1767909081000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-09T03:33:16Z","timestamp":1767929596400,"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"17 November 2025"},{"name":"revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Revised","order":2,"value":"29 December 2025"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":3,"value":"31 December 2025"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":4,"value":"8 January 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"},"order":1},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"},"order":2,"value":"The Jagiellonian University Medical College Ethical Committee approved the study [No. IRB# 1072.6120.316.2022 from 21 SEP 2022], and participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Use of AI"},"order":3,"value":"No artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used in the design, analysis, interpretation of data, or writing of this manuscript."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"},"order":4,"value":"None."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:51:22Z","timestamp":1767909082000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0770-3198"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1434-9949"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.027","key":"7927_CR1","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"JE Manning","volume":"22","first-page":"2156","unstructured":"Manning JE, Arachchillage DJ (2024) Dilemmas in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 22:2156–2170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.027","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.20452/pamw.16849","key":"7927_CR2","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"KMJ Devreese","volume":"134","first-page":"11","unstructured":"Devreese KMJ, Wahl D (2024) Challenges of laboratory testing in patients suspected of antiphospholipid syndrome: practical implications for clinicians. Pol Arch Intern Med 134:11. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16849","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10067-023-06846-8","key":"7927_CR3","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"S Udry","volume":"43","first-page":"1615","unstructured":"Udry S, Latino JO, Perez SM, Belizna C, Aranda F, Esteve-Valverde E (2024) Loss of opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of primary obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (POAPS): from theory to reality. Clin Rheumatol 43:1615–1622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06846-8","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jth.15082","key":"7927_CR4","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"S Chaturvedi","volume":"19","first-page":"607","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S, Braunstein EM, Brodsky RA (2021) Antiphospholipid syndrome: Complement activation, complement gene mutations, and therapeutic implications. J Thromb Haemost 19:607–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15082","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/keae178","key":"7927_CR5","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"V Venturelli","volume":"63","first-page":"3243","unstructured":"Venturelli V, Maranini B, Tohidi-Esfahani I, Isenberg DA, Cohen H, Efthymiou M (2024) Can complement activation be the missing link in antiphospholipid syndrome? Rheumatology (Oxford) 63:3243–3254. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keae178","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.008","key":"7927_CR6","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"CA Viall","volume":"14","first-page":"446","unstructured":"Viall CA, Chamley LW (2015) Histopathology in the placentae of women with antiphospholipid antibodies: a systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 14:446–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.008","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/kead537","key":"7927_CR7","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"L Andreoli","volume":"63","first-page":"SI86","unstructured":"Andreoli L, Regola F, Caproli A, Crisafulli F, Fredi M, Lazzaroni MG (2024) Pregnancy in antiphospholipid syndrome: what should a rheumatologist know? Rheumatology (Oxford) 63:SI86–SI95. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kead537","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/kead517","key":"7927_CR8","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"M Zen","volume":"2024","first-page":"1733","unstructured":"Zen M, Tonello M, Favaro M, Del Ross T, Calligaro A, Giollo A (2024) Antiphospholipid antibody carriers and patients with quiescent antiphospholipid syndrome show persistent subclinical complement activation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024:1733–1738. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kead517","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.4049/jimmunol.2000570","key":"7927_CR9","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"P Durigutto","volume":"205","first-page":"1385","unstructured":"Durigutto P, Macor P, Pozzi N, Agostinis C, Bossi F, Meroni PL (2020) Complement activation and thrombin generation by MBL bound to β2-glycoprotein I. J Immunol 205:1385–1392. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000570","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2018.01388","key":"7927_CR10","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"F Tedesco","volume":"9","first-page":"1388","unstructured":"Tedesco F, Borghi MO, Gerosa M, Chighizola CB, Macor P, Lonati PA (2018) Pathogenic role of complement in antiphospholipid syndrome and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 9:1388. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01388","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.011","key":"7927_CR11","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"JH Foley","volume":"5","first-page":"175","unstructured":"Foley JH, Walton BL, Aleman MM, O’Byrne AM, Lei V, Harrasser M (2016) Complement activation in arterial and venous thrombosis is mediated by plasmin. EBioMedicine 5:175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.011","article-title":null,"journal-title":"EBioMedicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1097/MBC.0000000000000720","key":"7927_CR12","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"EM Conway","volume":"29","first-page":"243","unstructured":"Conway EM (2018) Complement-coagulation connections. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 29:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1097/MBC.0000000000000720","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-018-35034-x","key":"7927_CR13","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"A Stachowicz","volume":"8","first-page":"17301","unstructured":"Stachowicz A, Zabczyk M, Natorska J, Suski M, Olszanecki R, Korbut R (2018) Differences in plasma fibrin clot composition in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome compared with venous thromboembolism. Sci Rep 8:17301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35034-x","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.20452/pamw.17140","key":"7927_CR14","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Piróg M, Ząbczyk M, Natorska J, Jach R, Butenas S, Undas A (2025) Altered fibrin clot properties and the risk of thromboembolism in women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a cohort study. Pol Arch Intern Med. Ehead of print. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.17140","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1097/AOG.0000000000003891","key":"7927_CR15","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia","volume":"135","first-page":"237","unstructured":"Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia (2020) ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 222. Obstet Gynecol 135:237–260. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003891","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/art.42624","key":"7927_CR16","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"M Barbhaiya","volume":"75","first-page":"1687","unstructured":"Barbhaiya M, Zuily S, Naden R, Hendry A, Manneville F, Amigo MC (2023) The 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Arthritis Rheumatol 75:1687–1702. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42624","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/art.40930","key":"7927_CR17","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"M Aringer","volume":"71","first-page":"1400","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, Brinks R, Mosca M, Ramsey-Goldman R (2019) 2019 European league against rheumatism/American college of rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 71:1400–1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40930","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.2337/dc15-S005","key":"7927_CR18","year":"2015","issue":"Suppl","author":"AD Association","volume":"38","first-page":"S8","unstructured":"Association AD (2015) Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 38(Suppl):S8–S16. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-S005","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Diabetes Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03555.x","key":"7927_CR19","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"V Pengo","volume":"7","first-page":"1737","unstructured":"Pengo V, Tripodi A, Reber G, Rand JH, Ortel TL, Galli M (2009) Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. subcommittee on lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibody of the scientific and standardisation committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. J Thromb Haemost 7:1737–1740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03555.x","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02362.x","key":"7927_CR20","year":"2011","issue":null,"author":"A Tripodi","volume":"270","first-page":"110","unstructured":"Tripodi A, de Groot PG, Pengo V (2011) Antiphospholipid syndrome: laboratory detection, mechanisms of action and treatment. J Intern Med 270:110–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02362.x","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000924","key":"7927_CR21","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"MG Tektonidou","volume":"5","first-page":"e000924","unstructured":"Tektonidou MG, Andreoli L, Limper M, Tincani A, Ward MM (2019) Management of thrombotic and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults. RMD Open 5:e000924. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000924","article-title":null,"journal-title":"RMD Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1182/blood-2009-05-222380","key":"7927_CR22","year":"2009","issue":null,"author":"A Undas","volume":"114","first-page":"4272","unstructured":"Undas A, Zawilska K, Ciesla-Dul M, Lehmann-Kopydłowska A, Skubiszak A, Ciepłuch K (2009) Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism and in their relatives. Blood 114:4272–4278. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-222380","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.08.023","key":"7927_CR23","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"M Piróg","volume":"217","first-page":"77","unstructured":"Piróg M, Jach R, Undas A (2017) Effects of ultra-low-dose versus standard hormone therapy on fibrinolysis and thrombin generation in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 217:77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.08.023","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.03.008","key":"7927_CR24","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"M Piróg","volume":"43","first-page":"81","unstructured":"Piróg M, Kacalska-Janssen O, Jach R, Ząbczyk M, Natorska J (2021) Fibrin clot properties among women with endometriosis and the impact of ovarian stimulation. Reprod Biomed Online 43:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.03.008","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1155/2019/4923535","key":"7927_CR25","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"M Piróg","volume":"2019","first-page":"4923535","unstructured":"Piróg M, Piwowarczyk S, Undas A (2019) Plasma fibrin clot properties are unfavorably altered in women following venous thromboembolism associated with combined hormonal contraception. Dis Markers 2019:4923535. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4923535","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Dis Markers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1160/TH13-11-0980","key":"7927_CR26","year":"2014","issue":null,"author":"M Celińska-Lowenhoff","volume":"112","first-page":"287","unstructured":"Celińska-Lowenhoff M, Iwaniec T, Padjas A, Musiał J, Undas A (2014) Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: association with thrombotic manifestation. Thromb Haemost 112:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH13-11-0980","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.20452/pamw.16863","key":"7927_CR27","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"C Jurcut","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Jurcut C, Caraiola S, Radin M, Sciascia S (2024) How to treat patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome in 2024? Pol Arch Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16863","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2019.00773","key":"7927_CR28","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"PA Lonati","volume":"10","first-page":"773","unstructured":"Lonati PA, Scavone M, Gerosa M, Borghi MO, Pregnolato F, Curreli D (2019) Blood cell-bound C4d as a marker of complement activation in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Front Immunol 10:773. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00773","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.55563/clinexprheumatol/7cinzu","key":"7927_CR29","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"A Ruffatti","volume":"40","first-page":"2088","unstructured":"Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Calligaro A, Del Ross T, Favaro M, Zen M (2022) High plasma C5a and C5b–9 levels during quiescent phases are associated to severe antiphospholipid syndrome subsets. Clin Exp Rheumatol 40:2088–2096. https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/7cinzu","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.001","key":"7927_CR30","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"E Esteve-Valverde","volume":"136","first-page":"29","unstructured":"Esteve-Valverde E, Alijotas-Reig J, Belizna C, Marques-Soares J, Anunciacion-Llunell A, Feijóo-Massó C (2023) Low complement levels are related to poor obstetric outcomes in women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. The EUROAPS registry study group. Placenta 136:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.001","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Placenta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/aji.13185","key":"7927_CR31","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"C Scambi","volume":"82","first-page":"e13185","unstructured":"Scambi C, Ugolini S, Tonello M, Bortolami O, De Franceschi L, Castagna A (2019) Complement activation in the plasma and placentas of women with different subsets of antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 82:e13185. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13185","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152707","key":"7927_CR32","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"ML Larsen","volume":"72","first-page":"152707","unstructured":"Larsen ML, Nørgaard L, Linge P, Larsen JB, Langkilde HZ, Hauge EM (2025) Molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus - a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 72:152707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152707","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.it.2007.02.006","key":"7927_CR33","year":"2007","issue":null,"author":"MM Markiewski","volume":"28","first-page":"184","unstructured":"Markiewski MM, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Mollnes TE, Lambris JD (2007) Complement and coagulation: strangers or partners in crime? Trends Immunol 28:184–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.02.006","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Trends Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.026","key":"7927_CR34","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"R Vacik Díaz","volume":"22","first-page":"2531","unstructured":"Vacik Díaz R, Munsch G, Iglesias MJ, Pallares Robles A, Ibrahim-Kosta M, Nourse J (2024) Plasma levels of complement components C5 and C9 are associated with thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 22:2531–2542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.026","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/cvr/cvad017","key":"7927_CR35","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"M Ząbczyk","volume":"119","first-page":"94","unstructured":"Ząbczyk M, Ariëns RAS, Undas A (2023) Fibrin clot properties in cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical practice. Cardiovasc Res 119:94–111. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvad017","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1161/01.atv.17.1.164","key":"7927_CR36","year":"1997","issue":null,"author":"VJ Christiansen","volume":"17","first-page":"164","unstructured":"Christiansen VJ, Sims PJ, Hamilton KK (1997) Complement C5b–9 increases plasminogen binding and activation on human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:164–171. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.17.1.164","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.957201","key":"7927_CR37","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"L Naranjo","volume":"13","first-page":"957201","unstructured":"Naranjo L, Stojanovich L, Djokovic A, Andreoli L, Tincani A, Maślińska M (2022) Circulating immune-complexes of IgG/IgM bound to B2-glycoprotein-I associated with complement consumption and thrombocytopenia in antiphospholipid syndrome. Front Immunol 13:957201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.957201","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.003","key":"7927_CR38","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"CB Chighizola","volume":"90","first-page":"1","unstructured":"Chighizola CB, Andreoli L, Gerosa M, Tincani A, Ruffatti A, Meroni PL (2018) The treatment of anti-phospholipid syndrome: a comprehensive clinical approach. J Autoimmun 90:1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.003","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Autoimmun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10067-023-06843-x","key":"7927_CR39","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"J Chen","volume":"43","first-page":"1327","unstructured":"Chen J, Yue J, Lu Y, Li T, Li X, Zhang JY (2024) Recurrent miscarriage and low-titer antiphospholipid antibodies. Clin Rheumatol 43:1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06843-x","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1177/1093526619836025","key":"7927_CR40","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"CE Matrai","volume":"22","first-page":"431","unstructured":"Matrai CE, Rand JH, Baergen RN (2019) Absence of distinct immunohistochemical distribution of annexin A5, C3b, C4d, and C5b–9 in placentas from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, preeclampsia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Dev Pathol 22:431–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/1093526619836025","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215213","key":"7927_CR41","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"MG Tektonidou","volume":"78","first-page":"1296","unstructured":"Tektonidou MG, Andreoli L, Limper M, Amoura Z, Cervera R, Costedoat-Chalumeau N (2019) EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults. Ann Rheum Dis 78:1296–1304. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215213","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jth.14438","key":"7927_CR42","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"II Høiland","volume":"17","first-page":"934","unstructured":"Høiland II, Liang RA, Braekkan SK, Pettersen K, Ludviksen JK, Latysheva N (2019) Complement activation assessed by the plasma terminal complement complex and future risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 17:934–943. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14438","article-title":null,"journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.11.005","key":"7927_CR43","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"N Kello","volume":"49","first-page":"74","unstructured":"Kello N, Khoury LE, Marder G, Furie R, Zapantis E, Horowitz DL (2019) Secondary thrombotic microangiopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, the role of complement and use of eculizumab: case series and review of literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 49:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.11.005","article-title":null,"journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["7927"],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Clinical Rheumatology"],"reference-count":43,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":43,"short-container-title":["Clin Rheumatol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","is_oa":false,"title":"Complement activation and altered fibrin clot properties in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: impact on thromboembolism and pregnancy","updated":"2026-01-10T04:46:20+00:00","published_date":"2026-01-08","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-01-14T18:30:49.575Z","updated_at":"2026-01-19T09:31:36.873Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=114","value_numeric":114},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Abstract text appears truncated for the clot permeability metric (K...), limiting clarity on methods/results.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Follow‑up duration and absolute obstetric and thrombotic outcome rates are not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s10067-026-07927-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is somewhat ambiguous; matched controls suggest case‑control features despite retrospective cohort elements.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective study of 57 women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and 57 matched controls. It tested whether circulating C5a and C5b-9 relate to fibrin clot properties and thrombin generation, and whether they predict thrombotic and obstetric outcomes over long-term follow-up.","key_result":"Compared with controls, OAPS had higher C5a (+95.7%) and C5b-9 (+44.8%; both p<0.05), positively associated with IgG anticardiolipin, anti‑β2‑glycoprotein I, and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies. Higher C5a/C5b-9 correlated with reduced clot permeability and increased thrombin generation, and were seen in women with lower chances of live birth during follow-up.","limitations":"Retrospective design with a small cohort (57 OAPS) limits inference. The abstract lacks absolute event rates and follow-up duration, and the fibrin permeability metric is truncated, limiting detail.","practice_takeaway":"Measuring C5a/C5b-9 alongside fibrin clot properties may help identify OAPS patients at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes."}}],"initialOffset":3,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome"}}}]]

Papers