2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T4f0,A total of 139 participants were included in this analysis. ICGA-confirmed PCV was present in 44 participants in the treatment group receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.2 [8.1] years; 50% male), 41 participants receiving 8 mg every 16 weeks (mean [SD] age, 73.2 [8.7] years; 63% male), and 54 participants receiving 2 mg every 8 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [8.2] years; 69% male). Mean baseline BCVA letter score (approximate Snellen) was 56.3 (20/80), 60.1 (20/63), and 57.6 (20/80), respectively, with 41, 37, and 51 participants completing week 48 and receiving a mean (SD) of 6.1 (0.4), 5.1 (0.5), and 7.0 (0.2) injections, including 68 of 78 (87%) treated with aflibercept, 8 mg, who maintained dosing intervals of 12 weeks or longer. In the treatment arms receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 and 16 weeks and aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks, LS mean BCVA change from baseline at week 48 was +9.5, +8.4, and +9.1 letters, respectively (estimated difference, 0.40; 95% CI, -4.4 to 5.2 letters for 8 mg every 12 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks; -0.7; 95% CI, -4.6 to 3.2 letters for 8 mg every 16 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks), and polypoidal lesions were absent in 37%, 47%, and 38% of participants, respectively, who completed week 48.31:Tc1c,In the Study of the Effects of High-Dose Aflibercept Injected Into the Eye of Patients With an Age-Related Disorder That Causes Loss of Vision Due to Growth of Abnormal Blood Vessels at the Back of the Eye (PULSAR) phase 3 randomized clinical trial, treatment with aflibercept, 8 mg, demonstrated noninferior (4-letter margin) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gains vs aflibercept, 2 mg, in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated clinical outcomes in participants with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). To compare the efficacy and safety of aflibercept, 8 mg vs 2 mg, monotherapy among participants with PCV in the PULSAR trial. This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of the PULSAR randomized clinical trial. The setting included hospitals and clinics in 12 countries where indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was performed to identify PCV. Included were a subgroup of adults with nAMD enrolled in the PULSAR trial with ICGA-confirmed PCV. Study data were analyzed from August 2020 to July 2022. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 weeks or 16 weeks, or aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks, each after 3 initial monthly doses. From week 16, dosing intervals in the treatment arms receiving 8 mg every 12 weeks and every 16 weeks were shortened if predefined disease activity criteria were met at prespecified visits. Least-squares (LS) mean change in BCVA from baseline at week 48. A total of 139 participants were included in this analysis. ICGA-confirmed PCV was present in 44 participants in the treatment group receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.2 [8.1] years; 50% male), 41 participants receiving 8 mg every 16 weeks (mean [SD] age, 73.2 [8.7] years; 63% male), and 54 participants receiving 2 mg every 8 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [8.2] years; 69% male). Mean baseline BCVA letter score (approximate Snellen) was 56.3 (20/80), 60.1 (20/63), and 57.6 (20/80), respectively, with 41, 37, and 51 participants completing week 48 and receiving a mean (SD) of 6.1 (0.4), 5.1 (0.5), and 7.0 (0.2) injections, including 68 of 78 (87%) treated with aflibercept, 8 mg, who maintained dosing intervals of 12 weeks or longer. In the treatment arms receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 and 16 weeks and aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks, LS mean BCVA change from baseline at week 48 was +9.5, +8.4, and +9.1 letters, respectively (estimated difference, 0.40; 95% CI, -4.4 to 5.2 letters for 8 mg every 12 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks; -0.7; 95% CI, -4.6 to 3.2 letters for 8 mg every 16 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks), and polypoidal lesions were absent in 37%, 47%, and 38% of participants, respectively, who completed week 48. Results of this post hoc analysis of the PULSAR randomized clinical trial in participants with PCV demonstrated similar visual and anatomic outcomes with aflibercept, 8 mg vs 2 mg, as administered in this trial, supporting the use of aflibercept, 8 mg, as an alternative monotherapy for PCV. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04423718.32:T11e7, Importance In the Study of the Effects of High-Dose Aflibercept Injected Into the Eye of Patients With an Age-Related Disorder That Causes Loss of Vision Due to Growth of Abnormal Blood Vessels at the Back of the Eye (PULSAR) phase 3 randomized clinical trial, treatment with aflibercept, 8 mg, demonstrated noninferior (4-letter margin) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gains vs aflibercept, 2 mg, in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated clinical outcomes in participants with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of aflibercept, 8 mg vs 2 mg, monotherapy among participants with PCV in the PULSAR trial. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of the PULSAR randomized clinical trial. The setting included hospitals and clinics in 12 countries where indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was performed to identify PCV. Included were a subgroup of adults with nAMD enrolled in the PULSAR trial with ICGA-confirmed PCV. Study data were analyzed from August 2020 to July 2022. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 weeks or 16 weeks, or aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks, each after 3 initial monthly doses. From week 16, dosing intervals in the treatment arms receiving 8 mg every 12 weeks and every 16 weeks were shortened if predefined disease activity criteria were met at prespecified visits. Main Outcomes and Measures Least-squares (LS) mean change in BCVA from baseline at week 48. Results A total of 139 participants were included in this analysis. ICGA-confirmed PCV was present in 44 participants in the treatment group receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.2 [8.1] years; 50% male), 41 participants receiving 8 mg every 16 weeks (mean [SD] age, 73.2 [8.7] years; 63% male), and 54 participants receiving 2 mg every 8 weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [8.2] years; 69% male). Mean baseline BCVA letter score (approximate Snellen) was 56.3 (20/80), 60.1 (20/63), and 57.6 (20/80), respectively, with 41, 37, and 51 participants completing week 48 and receiving a mean (SD) of 6.1 (0.4), 5.1 (0.5), and 7.0 (0.2) injections, including 68 of 78 (87%) treated with aflibercept, 8 mg, who maintained dosing intervals of 12 weeks or longer. In the treatment arms receiving aflibercept, 8 mg, every 12 and 16 weeks and aflibercept, 2 mg, every 8 weeks, LS mean BCVA change from baseline at week 48 was +9.5, +8.4, and +9.1 letters, respectively (estimated difference, 0.40; 95% CI, −4.4 to 5.2 letters for 8 mg every 12 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks; −0.7; 95% CI, −4.6 to 3.2 letters for 8 mg every 16 weeks vs 2 mg every 8 weeks), and polypoidal lesions were absent in 37%, 47%, and 38% of participants, respectively, who completed week 48. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this post hoc analysis of the PULSAR randomized clinical trial in participants with PCV demonstrated similar visual and anatomic outcomes with aflibercept, 8 mg vs 2 mg, as administered in this trial, supporting the use of aflibercept, 8 mg, as an alternative monotherapy for PCV. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04423718 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Key results, specific risk factors, and clinical conclusions from this commentary could not be extracted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.3381","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size is applicable — this is an invited commentary, not an original study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.3381","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only the paper title, DOI, journal, and publication date were provided — no abstract, methods, results, or conclusions were available. All summary fields and tags have been left null or empty, as no content could be verified from the source text. Please provide the full paper text for a complete structured extraction.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.3381","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only the paper title, DOI, journal, and publication date were provided — no abstract, methods, results, or full text were included. All summary fields and tags have been left null/empty because no content can be verified from the source text. Full extraction requires the paper body.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.3381","tag_type":"warning","value":"The linked original research article ('Incidence and Risk Factors for Progression of Pachychoroid Subtype', August 13, 2026) likely contains the primary data this commentary discusses, but its content was not provided.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This invited commentary discusses the spectrum of pachychoroid disease — including pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy, focal choroidal excavation, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) — and reviews risk factors for progression between subtypes.","limitations":"Only the publisher landing page and abstract-level text are available; the full commentary text is behind a paywall, so specific arguments, data, and conclusions cannot be extracted."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","pmid":"42387209","title":"Incidence and characteristics of newly formed polypoidal lesions in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","journal_title":"Eye","journal_issn":"0950-222X","published_at":"2026-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-07T13:26:13.965Z","updated_at":"2026-07-07T13:26:13.965Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"condition","value":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-VEGF Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=45","value_numeric":45},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution of the study cohort is not explicitly reported in the abstract or available text; the 'mixed' sex tag is assumed based on typical PCV study populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"Specific anti-VEGF agents used are not detailed in the available text, limiting interpretation of treatment-specific effects.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41433-026-04697-6","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study used OCTA for PL detection rather than the traditional gold-standard ICGA, which may affect comparability with prior literature and could undercount PLs.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective study evaluated the incidence of newly formed polypoidal lesions (PLs) and associated neovascular lesion morphology changes (area and circularity) in 45 eyes of 45 PCV patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy on a treat-and-extend protocol, followed for at least 3 years, using OCTA.","key_result":"New PLs developed in 15/45 eyes (33.3%). Eyes with new PLs had a significantly greater increase in neovascular lesion area (1.63 vs. 0.19 mm²; P=0.041) and a significant decline in circularity (−0.052 vs. +0.029; P=0.004) compared to those without. 80% of new PLs were de novo (arising where no prior neovascular lesion existed).","limitations":"- Small sample size (n=45) limits generalizability.\n- Retrospective single-center design introduces selection bias.\n- OCTA-based PL detection may miss lesions visible only on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), potentially underestimating true incidence.","practice_takeaway":"In PCV patients on a treat-and-extend anti-VEGF regimen, monitor for expanding neovascular lesion area and declining circularity on OCTA — these morphological changes appear to precede new polypoidal lesion formation in roughly one-third of patients over 3 years."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5098","pmid":"41411005","title":"Aflibercept 8 mg in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy","journal_title":"JAMA 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Participants received a mean 6.1, 5.1, and 7.0 injections, and 68/78 (87%) on 8 mg maintained ≥12-week dosing; polypoidal lesions were absent in 37%, 47%, and 38% of week-48 completers, respectively.","limitations":"Post hoc subgroup analysis limited to sites performing ICGA in 12 countries. Dosing intervals in 8 mg arms could be shortened after week 16 per disease-activity criteria.","practice_takeaway":"In PCV, aflibercept 8 mg given every 12–16 weeks produced similar 48-week vision gains and lesion outcomes as 2 mg every 8 weeks, with fewer injections and most maintaining ≥12-week intervals. 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