2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T4e2,A total of 6 912 427 participants (53.6% male; mean [SD] age, 53.39 [20.13] years) consisting of 3 145 388 with COVID-19 and 3 767 039 controls with an observational period of more than 180 days were included. Alopecia areata (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07-1.15]), alopecia totalis (AHR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]), vitiligo (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]), Behçet disease (AHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.20-1.74]), Crohn disease (AHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.14-1.60]), ulcerative colitis (AHR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04-1.28]), rheumatoid arthritis (AHR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06-1.12]), systemic lupus erythematosus (AHR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.28]), Sjögren syndrome (AHR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.03-1.25]), ankylosing spondylitis (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02-1.20]), and bullous pemphigoid (AHR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.07-2.45]) were associated with higher risk in the COVID-19 group. Subgroup analyses revealed that demographic factors, including male and female sex, age younger than 40 years, and age 40 years and older, exhibited diverse associations with the risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory outcomes. In addition, severe COVID-19 infection requiring intensive care unit admission, the Delta period, and not being vaccinated were associated with higher risk.31:Ta4b,Few studies have investigated the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders; however, research with long-term observation remains insufficient. To investigate the long-term risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases after COVID-19 over an extended observation period. This retrospective nationwide population-based study investigated the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service (K-COV-N) cohort. Individuals with confirmed COVID-19 from October 8, 2020, to December 31, 2022, and controls identified among individuals who participated in the general health examination in 2018 were included in the analysis. Confirmed COVID-19. Incidence and risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders in patients after COVID-19. Various covariates, such as demographic characteristics, general health data, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity profiles, were balanced using inverse probability weighting. A total of 6 912 427 participants (53.6% male; mean [SD] age, 53.39 [20.13] years) consisting of 3 145 388 with COVID-19 and 3 767 039 controls with an observational period of more than 180 days were included. Alopecia areata (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07-1.15]), alopecia totalis (AHR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]), vitiligo (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]), Behçet disease (AHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.20-1.74]), Crohn disease (AHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.14-1.60]), ulcerative colitis (AHR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04-1.28]), rheumatoid arthritis (AHR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06-1.12]), systemic lupus erythematosus (AHR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.28]), Sjögren syndrome (AHR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.03-1.25]), ankylosing spondylitis (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02-1.20]), and bullous pemphigoid (AHR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.07-2.45]) were associated with higher risk in the COVID-19 group. Subgroup analyses revealed that demographic factors, including male and female sex, age younger than 40 years, and age 40 years and older, exhibited diverse associations with the risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory outcomes. In addition, severe COVID-19 infection requiring intensive care unit admission, the Delta period, and not being vaccinated were associated with higher risk. This retrospective cohort study with an extended follow-up period found associations between COVID-19 and the long-term risk of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders. Long-term monitoring and care of patients is crucial after COVID-19, considering demographic factors, disease severity, and vaccination status, to mitigate these risks.32:Td06,ImportanceFew studies have investigated the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders; however, research with long-term observation remains insufficient.ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases after COVID-19 over an extended observation period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective nationwide population-based study investigated the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency–COVID-19–National Health Insurance Service (K-COV-N) cohort. Individuals with confirmed COVID-19 from October 8, 2020, to December 31, 2022, and controls identified among individuals who participated in the general health examination in 2018 were included in the analysis.ExposuresConfirmed COVID-19.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence and risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders in patients after COVID-19. Various covariates, such as demographic characteristics, general health data, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity profiles, were balanced using inverse probability weighting.ResultsA total of 6 912 427 participants (53.6% male; mean [SD] age, 53.39 [20.13] years) consisting of 3 145 388 with COVID-19 and 3 767 039 controls with an observational period of more than 180 days were included. Alopecia areata (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07-1.15]), alopecia totalis (AHR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]), vitiligo (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]), Behçet disease (AHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.20-1.74]), Crohn disease (AHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.14-1.60]), ulcerative colitis (AHR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04-1.28]), rheumatoid arthritis (AHR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06-1.12]), systemic lupus erythematosus (AHR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01-1.28]), Sjögren syndrome (AHR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.03-1.25]), ankylosing spondylitis (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02-1.20]), and bullous pemphigoid (AHR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.07-2.45]) were associated with higher risk in the COVID-19 group. Subgroup analyses revealed that demographic factors, including male and female sex, age younger than 40 years, and age 40 years and older, exhibited diverse associations with the risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory outcomes. In addition, severe COVID-19 infection requiring intensive care unit admission, the Delta period, and not being vaccinated were associated with higher risk.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study with an extended follow-up period found associations between COVID-19 and the long-term risk of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders. Long-term monitoring and care of patients is crucial after COVID-19, considering demographic factors, disease severity, and vaccination status, to mitigate these risks.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Sjogren Syndrome: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Sjogren Syndrome (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Consider sex and age when assessing risk, as associations varied across these groups.","what_studied":"A retrospective nationwide cohort from Korea (K-COV-N) compared people with confirmed COVID-19 (October 8, 2020–December 31, 2022) to controls from 2018 health examinations to assess long-term (>180 days) risk of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders using inverse probability weighting.","key_result":"Among 6,912,427 participants (3,145,388 COVID-19; 3,767,039 controls), COVID-19 was associated with higher adjusted hazard for several outcomes: alopecia areata 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07-1.15), alopecia totalis 1.24 (1.09-1.42), vitiligo 1.11 (1.04-1.19), Behcet disease 1.45 (1.20-1.74), Crohn disease 1.35 (1.14-1.60), ulcerative colitis 1.15 (1.04-1.28), rheumatoid arthritis 1.09 (1.06-1.12), systemic lupus erythematosus 1.14 (1.01-1.28), Sjogren syndrome 1.13 (1.03-1.25), ankylosing spondylitis 1.11 (1.02-1.20), and bullous pemphigoid 1.62 (1.07-2.45); risks were higher with ICU-level severity, during the Delta period, and without vaccination (no effect sizes provided)."}}],"initialOffset":1,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Sjogren Syndrome"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Sjogren Syndrome"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Sjogren Syndrome"}}}]]

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