2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T65b,We examined trends in adolescent sleep across recent decades in the United States. Data were drawn from a nationally representative study, Monitoring the Future, measurement years 1991-2023, which represented cohorts of adolescents born from approximately 1972 to 2011 (n = 401 160). Outcomes were 2 self-reported survey items, one addressing sleep duration and another on subjective sleep sufficiency. Age-period-cohort models were estimated and sociodemographic differences in trends were examined. Adolescent sleep duration declined with increasing age during every period. Adolescents at every age in the last 10 years were more likely to report inadequate sleep duration compared with teens at those same ages in earlier decades. The period 2021-2023 had the lowest prevalences of getting 7 or more hours of sleep at every age (ranging from 37.2% at age 12 or 13 to 22.3% at 18 or 19). Disparities in sleep duration between non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adolescents and their white peers, and between teens whose parents were more vs less educated, emerged and/or grew steadily over time. For instance, Black and white adolescents in 1991-1995 were equally likely to report 7 or more hours of sleep per night (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99 [0.92, 1.07]), but by 2023, Black teens were less likely to report this (OR = 0.79 [0.67, 0.93]). For decades, adolescents' sleep had been eroding. It is concerning that youth from marginalized sociodemographic groups appear to be at an even greater risk for profoundly short sleep, given that sleep is a resource that confers advantages for health and development.31:T8ac, OBJECTIVES We examined trends in adolescent sleep across recent decades in the United States. METHODS Data were drawn from a nationally representative study, Monitoring the Future, measurement years 1991–2023, which represented cohorts of adolescents born from approximately 1972 to 2011 (n = 401 160). Outcomes were 2 self-reported survey items, one addressing sleep duration and another on subjective sleep sufficiency. Age-period-cohort models were estimated and sociodemographic differences in trends were examined. RESULTS Adolescent sleep duration declined with increasing age during every period. Adolescents at every age in the last 10 years were more likely to report inadequate sleep duration compared with teens at those same ages in earlier decades. The period 2021–2023 had the lowest prevalences of getting 7 or more hours of sleep at every age (ranging from 37.2% at age 12 or 13 to 22.3% at 18 or 19). Disparities in sleep duration between non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adolescents and their white peers, and between teens whose parents were more vs less educated, emerged and/or grew steadily over time. For instance, Black and white adolescents in 1991–1995 were equally likely to report 7 or more hours of sleep per night (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99 [0.92, 1.07]), but by 2023, Black teens were less likely to report this (OR = 0.79 [0.67, 0.93]). CONCLUSIONS For decades, adolescents’ sleep had been eroding. It is concerning that youth from marginalized sociodemographic groups appear to be at an even greater risk for profoundly short sleep, given that sleep is a resource that confers advantages for health and development. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Sleep Insufficiency: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Sleep Insufficiency (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Sleep%20Insufficiency\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Conditions\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Sleep Insufficiency\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Sleep%20Insufficiency\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Sleep Insufficiency: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Discover peer-reviewed research on Sleep Insufficiency with concise clinician summaries and next-step guidance.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","pmid":"42477287","title":"Sleep as an Effect Modifier for Physical Activity Intervention Efficacy: Secondary Analysis of Data from Two Randomized Controlled Trials","journal_title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine","journal_issn":"1070-5503","published_at":"2026-07-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-23T13:33:17.271Z","updated_at":"2026-07-23T13:33:17.271Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Physical Inactivity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Sleep Insufficiency","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Behavioral Physical Activity Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Secondary Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) was not reported in the abstract or available full text; the tag has been omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study population is exclusively sedentary Latinas; findings may not apply to other ethnic groups or men.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the novelty claim (first study to examine sleep as an effect modifier of PA intervention) but should be interpreted cautiously given the secondary, observational nature of the moderation analysis.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s12529-026-10480-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is a secondary analysis with an unregistered analysis plan, which increases the risk of type I error despite use of two separate datasets for consistency.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This secondary analysis examined whether time in bed (a proxy for nighttime sleep duration) moderates the effect of physical activity (PA) interventions in sedentary Latinas, using data from two separate RCTs (Pasos Hacia La Salud I and II; NCT01834287 and NCT03491592).","key_result":"Time in bed was a significant moderator of PA intervention outcomes (p < 0.05 across both studies). Women with more time in bed showed greater PA gains: in Study 1, intervention vs. control; in Study 2, enhanced vs. original intervention.","limitations":"- Time in bed was self-reported and used only as a proxy for sleep duration, not a validated measure of sleep quality or actual sleep time.\n- The analysis plan was not pre-registered, raising risk of post-hoc inference.\n- Both RCTs enrolled only sedentary Latinas, limiting generalizability to other populations.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians designing PA interventions for Latinas should screen for insufficient sleep, as women with adequate time in bed appear to benefit more from these programs. Addressing sleep alongside PA promotion may improve intervention outcomes in this population."}},{"doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","pmid":"42114842","title":"Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991–2023","journal_title":"Pediatrics","journal_issn":"0031-4005","published_at":"2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-074933","source_score":18,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-12","doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","days":"7","issn":"0031-4005","rank":"8","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"18","category":"Pediatrics","categories":["Pediatrics"],"_categories":["Pediatrics"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","title":"Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991-2023.","journal":"Pediatrics","methods":"","results":"Adolescent sleep duration declined with increasing age during every period. Adolescents at every age in the last 10 years were more likely to report inadequate sleep duration compared with teens at those same ages in earlier decades. The period 2021-2023 had the lowest prevalences of getting 7 or more hours of sleep at every age (ranging from 37.2% at age 12 or 13 to 22.3% at 18 or 19). Disparities in sleep duration between non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adolescents and their white peers, and between teens whose parents were more vs less educated, emerged and/or grew steadily over time. For instance, Black and white adolescents in 1991-1995 were equally likely to report 7 or more hours of sleep per night (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99 [0.92, 1.07]), but by 2023, Black teens were less likely to report this (OR = 0.79 [0.67, 0.93]).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42114842","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-074933","ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"link":[{"URL":"https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-pdf/doi/10.1542/peds.2025-074933/1932085/pediatrics.2025074933.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-pdf/doi/10.1542/peds.2025-074933/1932085/pediatrics.2025074933.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991–2023"],"author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Widome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}]},{"given":"Noah T.","family":"Kreski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Maslowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"4Department of Health Behavior & Health Equity, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"5Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}]},{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"member":"417","prefix":"10.1542","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:02:46Z","timestamp":1778544166000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:20:09Z","timestamp":1778545209869,"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/doi/10.1542/peds.2025-074933/207534/Sleep-Duration-Among-US-Adolescents-1991-2023"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:02:52Z","timestamp":1778544172000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics 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Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age-period-cohort models were used; interpreting independent effects of age, period, and cohort simultaneously involves known methodological constraints that the authors may have addressed but are not detailed in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design is a repeated cross-sectional trend analysis with age–period–cohort modeling; classified here as Cross-Sectional.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","tag_type":"warning","value":"No pharmacologic or therapeutic modality is evaluated; modality/brand/generic tags are not applicable and were omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","tag_type":"warning","value":"Summary based on abstract-level details; full methods and additional outcomes may provide further nuance.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074933","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is observational with no intervention arm; 'level_of_evidence' is assigned as 3 (large cohort/surveillance study) rather than a lower rating given the large nationally representative sample.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Trends in self-reported sleep duration and subjective sufficiency among US adolescents were assessed using Monitoring the Future survey data from 1991–2023 (n=401,160) with age–period–cohort models and sociodemographic comparisons.","key_result":"Sleep duration declined with age in every period, and 2021–2023 showed the lowest prevalence of ≥7 hours/night at every age (37.2% at age 12–13; 22.3% at age 18–19); disparities widened, with Black vs White odds of reporting ≥7 hours shifting from OR 0.99 (0.92–1.07) in 1991–1995 to OR 0.79 (0.67–0.93) in 2023.","limitations":"Outcomes relied on two self-reported survey items rather than objective or detailed sleep measures; estimates derive from repeated cross-sectional data rather than longitudinal follow-up.","practice_takeaway":"Expect pervasive short sleep in today’s teens—especially older adolescents and Black, Hispanic/Latino, and lower–parental-education groups—and routinely ask about hours slept and perceived sufficiency."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Sleep Insufficiency"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Sleep Insufficiency"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Sleep Insufficiency"}}}]]

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