2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T9f6,Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) could severely impact astronaut performance during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF). The pathophysiology of SANS remains elusive, and no predictors of SANS have been discovered; reliable prediction may offer novel insight into individual susceptibility and interperson variability for SANS and permit prelaunch preparations for in-flight treatment. To conduct a preliminary analysis of SANS flight data to determine mission-to-mission trends in SANS diagnosis and optic disc edema (ODE) severity. In this cohort study, ocular testing, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), was completed preflight, during flight, and postflight, then retrospectively analyzed in a unique cohort of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronauts who completed 2 LDSF missions onboard the International Space Station (ISS) from 2007 to 2024. Data were analyzed from April 2024 to April 2025. Weightlessness, with average durations of 6 months for each mission. The primary outcome was SANS or non-SANS diagnosis, determined by OCT-based ODE data (when available after 2013) for each mission. Of 71 NASA astronauts who have participated in ISS LDSF, 16 (22.5%) have completed 2 long-duration missions. Four astronauts (20%) were female, and mean ages of astronauts participating in missions 1 and 2 were 46.1 (4.0) and 53.5 (5.2) years, respectively. For these 16 individuals, a SANS diagnosis or nondiagnosis from prior LDSF predicted SANS diagnosis during subsequent LDSF (sensitivity, 85.7%; 95% CI, 42%-100%; specificity, 100%; 95% CI, 66%-100%; positive predictive value, 100%, 95% CI, 54%-100%; negative predictive value, 90%; 95% CI, 56%-100%; P < .001). A subset of this group (5 participants, 10 eyes) possessed an objective metric of ODE across both missions (ie, change in peripapillary total retinal thickness within 250 µm of Bruch membrane opening [ΔTRT]). For individual eyes, ΔTRT of a prior LDSF mission was highly predictive of ΔTRT for a subsequent LDSF (r = 0.94; P < .001). In this cohort study, SANS cases from previous LDSF were highly likely to be diagnosed with SANS in subsequent LDSF missions and vice versa, while SANS ODE severity appeared remarkably similar across LDSF missions for individual eyes. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first and only reliable forecast for SANS, permitting precise in-flight treatment and prevention strategies to be tailored for individual astronauts in subsequent LDSF missions, even before launch.31:Tfe4, Importance Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) could severely impact astronaut performance during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF). The pathophysiology of SANS remains elusive, and no predictors of SANS have been discovered; reliable prediction may offer novel insight into individual susceptibility and interperson variability for SANS and permit prelaunch preparations for in-flight treatment. Objective To conduct a preliminary analysis of SANS flight data to determine mission-to-mission trends in SANS diagnosis and optic disc edema (ODE) severity. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, ocular testing, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), was completed preflight, during flight, and postflight, then retrospectively analyzed in a unique cohort of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronauts who completed 2 LDSF missions onboard the International Space Station (ISS) from 2007 to 2024. Data were analyzed from April 2024 to April 2025. Exposure Weightlessness, with average durations of 6 months for each mission. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was SANS or non-SANS diagnosis, determined by OCT-based ODE data (when available after 2013) for each mission. Results Of 71 NASA astronauts who have participated in ISS LDSF, 16 (22.5%) have completed 2 long-duration missions. Four astronauts (20%) were female, and mean ages of astronauts participating in missions 1 and 2 were 46.1 (4.0) and 53.5 (5.2) years, respectively. For these 16 individuals, a SANS diagnosis or nondiagnosis from prior LDSF predicted SANS diagnosis during subsequent LDSF (sensitivity, 85.7%; 95% CI, 42%-100%; specificity, 100%; 95% CI, 66%-100%; positive predictive value, 100%, 95% CI, 54%-100%; negative predictive value, 90%; 95% CI, 56%-100%; P &lt; .001). A subset of this group (5 participants, 10 eyes) possessed an objective metric of ODE across both missions (ie, change in peripapillary total retinal thickness within 250 µm of Bruch membrane opening [ΔTRT]). For individual eyes, ΔTRT of a prior LDSF mission was highly predictive of ΔTRT for a subsequent LDSF ( r = 0.94; P &lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, SANS cases from previous LDSF were highly likely to be diagnosed with SANS in subsequent LDSF missions and vice versa, while SANS ODE severity appeared remarkably similar across LDSF missions for individual eyes. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first and only reliable forecast for SANS, permitting precise in-flight treatment and prevention strategies to be tailored for individual astronauts in subsequent LDSF missions, even before launch. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (condition). 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All structured data was derived solely from the abstract. Specific diagnostic criteria, management protocols, countermeasure details, and supporting evidence cited in the paper could not be verified or extracted.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis, clinical features, and management (including countermeasures) of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), a disorder of the eye, optic nerve, and brain caused by prolonged microgravity exposure, compiled by leading NASA SANS experts.","key_result":"At least one feature of SANS has been reported in 81% of NASA astronauts, with early clinical features observed in nearly all individuals undergoing spaceflight; severity increases with mission duration.","limitations":"The full text of the paper was not extractable from the provided source (all pages rendered blank), so granular clinical details, specific management recommendations, and supporting data cannot be verified beyond the abstract.","practice_takeaway":"Flight surgeons managing astronauts should use this consensus framework for standardised SANS case identification and clinical management, particularly as missions extend beyond low Earth orbit. Harmonising diagnostic criteria across agencies is critical for both patient care and future research."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","pmid":"42313423","title":"Repeat Exposures to Spaceflight or Bed Rest and Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome Findings","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-06-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","source_score":4,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-22T13:23:57.697Z","updated_at":"2026-06-22T13:23:57.697Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"condition","value":"Intracranial Ventricular Volume Expansion","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"condition","value":"Optic Disc Edema","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"condition","value":"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"modality","value":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"modality","value":"Optical Coherence Tomography","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=12","value_numeric":12},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Case Series","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"warning","value":"HDTBR MRI data were available for only 3 of 5 participants, further limiting conclusions about ventricular volume changes in that subgroup.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size is very small (7 astronauts, 5 HDTBR participants), so null findings should be interpreted cautiously — the study may be underpowered to detect real cumulative effects.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2140","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DOI references a 2026 publication date, which is consistent with today's date; findings are very recent and not yet replicated.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This case series evaluated whether a second exposure to long-duration spaceflight (~6 months on the ISS) or its analog (head-down tilt bed rest, HDTBR, 30–60 days) worsens optic disc edema (measured by peripapillary total retinal thickness, TRT) or brain lateral ventricular volume (LVV) compared to the first exposure, in 7 astronauts and 5 HDTBR participants.","key_result":"A second exposure did not significantly increase the magnitude of change in TRT (spaceflight: mean difference −5.6 µm, 95% CI −15 to 3.7 µm, P=.23; HDTBR: mean difference 3.1 µm, 95% CI −3.3 to 9.5 µm, P=.33) or lateral ventricular volume (spaceflight: mean difference 0.1 mL, 95% CI −0.9 to 1.1 mL, P=.78).","limitations":"- Very small sample (7 astronauts, 5 HDTBR participants), limiting statistical power to detect modest cumulative effects.\n- Only one repeat exposure was assessed; whether effects become additive over three or more missions remains unknown.\n- HDTBR MRI data were available for only 3 of 5 participants.","practice_takeaway":"A single repeat spaceflight mission or HDTBR campaign does not appear to amplify SANS-related ocular or brain structural changes beyond the first exposure. Space medicine teams can use this as baseline evidence when counseling astronauts about multi-mission risk, while noting that long-term functional consequences of cumulative exposures remain unresolved."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","pmid":"42060285","title":"Different Predictors for Components of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13133718/","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-06","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","days":"14","issn":"2168-6165","rank":"6","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"11","category":"Ophthalmology","categories":["Ophthalmology"],"_categories":["Ophthalmology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","title":"Different Predictors for Components of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular 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Quantitative Biological Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire"}]},{"given":"Bofan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Niemczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Quantitative Biological Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}]},{"given":"Jay C.","family":"Buckey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Quantitative Biological Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"member":"10","prefix":"10.1001","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1777563106000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:49:22Z","timestamp":1777870162109,"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"This cohort study examined which preflight characteristics were associated with visual changes and clinically detectable optic disc edema in spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2847893"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:31:47Z","timestamp":1777563107000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-6165"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.1935","key":"eld260004r2","year":"2025","issue":"8","author":"Buckey","volume":"143","first-page":"713","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Preflight myopia and visual acuity changes in long-duration astronauts.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.021","key":"eld260004r3","year":"2011","issue":"10","author":"Mader","volume":"118","first-page":"2058","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and hyperopic shifts observed in astronauts after long-duration space flight.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.4396","key":"eld260004r4","year":"2022","issue":"12","author":"Pardon","volume":"140","first-page":"1193","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Identification of factors associated with the development of optic disc edema during 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(1985)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"eld260004r1","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Lan","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null}],"short-title":[],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Ophthalmology"],"reference-count":6,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":6,"short-container-title":["JAMA Ophthalmol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","is_oa":true,"title":"Different Predictors for Components of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular 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Key details including sample size, specific predictor variables, effect sizes, and follow-up duration are unknown and could not be extracted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","tag_type":"warning","value":"Publication date of 2026-04-30 is recent; findings should be interpreted with caution until full peer-reviewed text is reviewed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1054","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design labeled as 'Cohort Study' based on the abstract description; confirmation from full text was not possible.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This cohort study investigated which preflight characteristics were associated with visual changes and clinically detectable optic disc edema as components of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS).","key_result":"The study identified different preflight predictors for visual changes versus clinically detectable optic disc edema in SANS, suggesting these two components may have distinct underlying mechanisms.","limitations":"Only the abstract was available for extraction; full-text details on sample size, specific predictors, effect sizes, and follow-up duration could not be confirmed.","practice_takeaway":"Preflight screening for SANS risk may need to account for separate predictors depending on whether the outcome of concern is visual acuity change or optic disc edema. Clinicians involved in astronaut health should consider these as distinct endpoints."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","pmid":"41066117","title":"Predicting Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in International Space Station Astronauts","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","source_score":30,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-11-21","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","days":"14","issn":"2168-6165","rank":"4","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"30","category":"Ophthalmology","categories":["Ophthalmology"],"_categories":["Ophthalmology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","title":"Predicting Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in International Space Station Astronauts.","journal":"JAMA ophthalmology","methods":"","results":"Of 71 NASA astronauts who have participated in ISS LDSF, 16 (22.5%) have completed 2 long-duration missions. Four astronauts (20%) were female, and mean ages of astronauts participating in missions 1 and 2 were 46.1 (4.0) and 53.5 (5.2) years, respectively. For these 16 individuals, a SANS diagnosis or nondiagnosis from prior LDSF predicted SANS diagnosis during subsequent LDSF (sensitivity, 85.7%; 95% CI, 42%-100%; specificity, 100%; 95% CI, 66%-100%; positive predictive value, 100%, 95% CI, 54%-100%; negative predictive value, 90%; 95% CI, 56%-100%; P < .001). A subset of this group (5 participants, 10 eyes) possessed an objective metric of ODE across both missions (ie, change in peripapillary total retinal thickness within 250 µm of Bruch membrane opening [ΔTRT]). For individual eyes, ΔTRT of a prior LDSF mission was highly predictive of ΔTRT for a subsequent LDSF (r = 0.94; P < .001).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41066117","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-10-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","ISSN":["2168-6165"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/2839508/jamaophthalmology_brunstetter_2025_oi_250056_1762977492.80654.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"933","type":"journal-article","issue":"11","score":1,"title":["Predicting Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in International Space Station Astronauts"],"author":[{"given":"Tyson J.","family":"Brunstetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Sara S.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aegis Aerospace, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Suzi","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Millennia","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"C. Robert","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"South Shore Eye Center, League City, Texas"}]},{"given":"Nimesh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ophthalmology Consultant, Moab, Utah"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Consultants of America, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Tsung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Tarver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"member":"10","prefix":"10.1001","source":"Crossref","volume":"143","created":{"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:00:49Z","timestamp":1760022049000,"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:11:11Z","timestamp":1763655071747,"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2839508"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:06:17Z","timestamp":1763654777000,"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-6165"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.021","key":"eoi250056r1","year":"2011","issue":"10","author":"Mader","volume":"118","first-page":"2058","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and hyperopic shifts 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and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes.","journal-title":"FASEB J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1080/01658107.2020.1791189","key":"eoi250056r6","year":"2020","issue":"1","author":"Mader","volume":"45","first-page":"29","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Persistent globe flattening in astronauts following long-duration spaceflight.","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6226","key":"eoi250056r7","year":"2018","issue":"2","author":"Patel","volume":"136","first-page":"193","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve head and surrounding structures in long-duration International Space Station astronauts.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0673","key":"eoi250056r8","year":"2020","issue":"5","author":"Macias","volume":"138","first-page":"553","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association of long-duration spaceflight with anterior and posterior ocular structure changes in astronauts and their recovery.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.5261","key":"eoi250056r9","year":"2020","issue":"2","author":"Laurie","volume":"138","first-page":"165","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Optic disc edema and choroidal engorgement in astronauts during spaceflight and individuals exposed to bed rest.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.2385","key":"eoi250056r10","year":"2024","issue":"9","author":"Brunstetter","volume":"142","first-page":"808","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Severe spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome in an astronaut with 2 predisposing factors.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101940","key":"eoi250056r11","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Masís Solano","volume":"32","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Ocular rigidity and choroidal thickness changes in response to microgravity: a case study.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15011","key":"eoi250056r12","year":"2019","issue":"11","author":"Marshall-Goebel","volume":"2","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Assessment of jugular venous blood flow stasis and thrombosis during spaceflight.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3357/AMHP.6602.2025","key":"eoi250056r13","year":"2025","issue":"6","author":"Mampre","volume":"96","first-page":"496","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome as a potential variant of venous overload choroidopathy.","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1097/WNO.0000000000000467","key":"eoi250056r14","year":"2017","issue":"2","author":"Mader","volume":"37","first-page":"133","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Persistent asymmetric optic disc swelling after long-duration space flight: implications for pathogenesis.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"eoi250056r2","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Laurie? SS, Macias? BR, Pardon? LP, . Evidence report: risk of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Accessed September 5, 2025. https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/evidence/reports/SANS%20EB%202022%20FINAL_8-15-22.pdf","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null}],"short-title":[],"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}},"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference-count":14,"published-online":null,"references-count":14,"short-container-title":["JAMA Ophthalmol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","is_oa":false,"title":"Predicting Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in International Space Station Astronauts","updated":"2025-10-10T00:14:49+00:00","published_date":"2025-10-09","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2025-12-04T03:42:26.941Z","updated_at":"2025-12-08T12:24:58.509Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"condition","value":"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=16","value_numeric":16},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"warning","value":"Findings apply to NASA astronauts who completed two ISS long-duration missions and may not generalize beyond this group.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"warning","value":"OCT-based ODE assessment was only available after 2013, limiting objective severity comparisons.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3406","tag_type":"warning","value":"Small sample (n=16) with ΔTRT analysis in only 5 participants (10 eyes).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A retrospective cohort analysis of 16 NASA astronauts who each flew two long‑duration ISS missions (∼6 months; 2007–2024) assessed whether SANS status and OCT-based optic disc edema (ODE) severity from the first mission predicted outcomes on the second. A subset of 5 participants (10 eyes) had comparable OCT metrics (ΔTRT within 250 µm of Bruch membrane opening) across both missions.","key_result":"Prior SANS status predicted subsequent SANS with sensitivity 85.7% (95% CI, 42%–100%), specificity 100% (95% CI, 66%–100%), PPV 100% (95% CI, 54%–100%), and NPV 90% (95% CI, 56%–100%; P<.001). ΔTRT between missions was highly correlated for individual eyes (r=0.94; P<.001) in the 5-participant subset.","limitations":"Very small cohort (n=16) with OCT severity analysis limited to a 5-participant subset. OCT-based ODE data were available only after 2013, and the analysis was retrospective.","practice_takeaway":"For astronauts with prior long-duration flight, a history of SANS strongly forecasts SANS on a subsequent mission, and ODE severity tends to recur at similar magnitude. Flight surgeons can use prior-mission SANS status and ΔTRT to plan targeted monitoring and countermeasures before launch."}}],"initialOffset":4,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome"}}}]]

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