2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T704,Individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are at risk for worse acute and post-acute COVID-19 outcomes, though whether individuals with SARDs have longer persistence of viral antigens after COVID-19 has not been studied. This retrospective cohort study evaluated post-COVID-19 differences in SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, S1, and nucleocapsid) positivity between individuals with SARDs (RheumCARD) and without SARDs (RECOVER-Adult). SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured in collected samples using a validated ultra-sensitive single molecule array. This digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used antibody-coated magnetic beads to capture antigen molecules, which were loaded into microwell arrays and detected through enzymatic cleavage of a fluorescent substrate. We used logistic regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, infection year, vaccination status, and COVID-19 treatment) odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19. Among 210 individuals with SARDs in RheumCARD and 348 individuals without SARDs in RECOVER-Adult, any SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity was more common in those with SARDs (36.7% in RheumCARD vs. 18.9% in RECOVER-Adult; p<0.001). Those with SARDs had higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 3.73, 95% CI: 1.28-10.85) or any antigen positivity (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.43-5.85) 3 months after COVID-19 infection and higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 6.62, 95% CI: 1.09-40.30) 6 months after COVID-19 infection. Individuals with SARDs were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without SARDs, not explained by demographics, variant, vaccination, or treatment.31:T989, Background Individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are at risk for worse acute and post‐acute COVID‐19 outcomes, though whether individuals with SARDs have longer persistence of viral antigens after COVID‐19 has not been studied. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated post‐COVID‐19 differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen (spike, S1, and nucleocapsid) positivity between individuals with SARDs (RheumCARD) and without SARDs (RECOVER‐Adult). SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens were measured in collected samples using a validated ultra‐sensitive single molecule array. This digital enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay used antibody‐coated magnetic beads to capture antigen molecules, which were loaded into microwell arrays and detected through enzymatic cleavage of a fluorescent substrate. We used logistic regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, infection year, vaccination status, and COVID‐19 treatment) odds ratios for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID‐19. Results Among 210 individuals with SARDs in RheumCARD and 348 individuals without SARDs in RECOVER‐Adult, any SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen positivity was more common in those with SARDs (36.7% in RheumCARD vs. 18.9% in RECOVER‐Adult; p<0.001). Those with SARDs had higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 3.73, 95% CI: 1.28‐10.85) or any antigen positivity (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.43‐5.85) 3 months after COVID‐19 infection and higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 6.62, 95% CI: 1.09‐40.30) 6 months after COVID‐19 infection. Conclusion Individuals with SARDs were more likely to have SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID‐19 infection compared with individuals without SARDs, not explained by demographics, variant, vaccination, or treatment. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Systemic%20Autoimmune%20Rheumatic%20Diseases\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Conditions\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/condition/Systemic%20Autoimmune%20Rheumatic%20Diseases\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Discover peer-reviewed research on Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases with concise clinician summaries and next-step guidance.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1002/art.70312","pmid":"42663162","title":"Development and temporal validation of AI‐enhanced HEp‐2 indirect immunofluorescence image analysis for specific autoantibody prediction in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","journal_title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","journal_issn":"2326-5191","published_at":"2026-08-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70312","source_score":4,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-05T06:20:02.590Z","updated_at":"2026-09-05T06:20:02.590Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"condition","value":"Antinuclear Antibody Positivity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"modality","value":"Artificial Intelligence Image Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"modality","value":"Indirect Immunofluorescence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=69317","value_numeric":69317},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study with Prospective Temporal Validation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"warning","value":"Impact flag 'practice_changing' is applied cautiously: findings are promising and address a real clinical workflow need, but external multi-site validation is still needed before broad adoption.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"warning","value":"Pattern-based comparators used are described as 'simplified,' which may not reflect performance of experienced laboratory professionals—head-to-head comparison with expert readers was not performed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects the combined development and validation cohorts (47,890 + 21,427 = 69,317); the full screened population was 512,959 but only 47,890 met inclusion criteria for development. Clinicians should note these are distinct groups.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70312","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study appears to be single-center; geographic and platform generalizability is uncertain.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"An AI model applied to HEp-2 ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) images was developed and temporally validated to predict seven specific autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, Sm, RNP, SSA, SSB, Scl-70, centromere) in ANA-positive patients (titer ≥1:80) across a development cohort (Dec 2016–Dec 2022, n=47,890) and a prospective validation cohort (Jan 2023–Aug 2024, n=21,427).","key_result":"Models for CMA, dsDNA, Sm, SSA, and SSB achieved AUROC ≥0.80; CMA performed best (AUROC 0.95, accuracy 94.2%, specificity 95.3%). AI outperformed IIF pattern comparators in ruling out antibody-negative cases for dsDNA (88.2% vs. 54.7% correctly classified negative) and Sm (82.6% vs. 60.3%); RNP (AUROC 0.68) and Scl-70 (AUROC 0.59) performed poorly. dsDNA discrimination remained stable across assay transitions (AUROC ~0.85).","limitations":"- RNP and Scl-70 models showed poor discriminative performance (AUROC 0.68 and 0.59), limiting clinical utility for these antibodies.\n- Study is single-institution, which may affect generalizability to labs with different IIF platforms or staining protocols.\n- Pattern-based comparators used were simplified, potentially underestimating skilled human reader performance.","practice_takeaway":"AI analysis of ANA IIF images can reliably predict centromere, dsDNA, Sm, SSA, and SSB antibodies, and may reduce the need for confirmatory reflex testing in many patients. Clinicians should be cautious about relying on AI IIF analysis alone for RNP or Scl-70, where model performance remains insufficient."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","pmid":"42456928","title":"Diagnostic performance of Pictor's targeted proteomics assay for extractable nuclear antigens compared with commercial line immunoassay and addressable laser bead immunoassay platforms","journal_title":"Journal of Immunological Methods","journal_issn":"0022-1759","published_at":"2026-07-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","source_score":34,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:21.565Z","updated_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:21.565Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"brand","value":"BioPlex 2200","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"brand","value":"PictHealth Immunoscreen ENA","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"condition","value":"Connective Tissue Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"modality","value":"Autoantibody Multiplex Immunoassay","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Diagnostic Accuracy Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group set to 'adult' by inference; pediatric patients cannot be excluded without full text access.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was blocked by a CAPTCHA; all extracted data are based solely on the abstract. Sample size and patient demographics are not reported in the abstract and could not be confirmed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex tag set to 'mixed' by inference from a clinical autoimmune disease cohort — not explicitly stated in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jim.2026.114087","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design classified as 'Diagnostic Accuracy Study' (method comparison); no randomization or blinded reference standard was described — level of evidence set to 3 with some uncertainty.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Pictor PictHealth® Immunoscreen ENA assay (a targeted proteomics, ELISA-format multiplex platform) for detecting extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies, comparing it against the Euroimmun ENA Line Immunoassay and BioPlex 2200 ENA assay using clinical sera from patients with autoimmune diseases.","key_result":"Three-way concordance across all assays ranged from 67.3% (TRIM21/Ro52) to 100% (Jo-1), with Sm and CENP-B showing ~95% agreement. Pairwise positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) exceeded 85% for most autoantibodies.","limitations":"Full text was inaccessible, so sample size, patient demographics, and detailed breakdown of pairwise PPA/NPA by analyte could not be verified. The comparator assays (Euroimmun LIA and BioPlex 2200) themselves lack a true gold standard, limiting definitive performance claims. TRIM21/Ro52 showed notably lower three-way concordance (67.3%), which may reflect known platform variability for this antigen.","practice_takeaway":"The Pictor ENA assay performs comparably to established multiplex platforms for most ENA antibodies and may be a viable, lower-cost option for SARDs testing in resource-limited laboratories. Caution is warranted for TRIM21/Ro52 results, where concordance across platforms is lowest."}},{"doi":"10.1002/art.70205","pmid":"42045807","title":"Differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen persistence in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A RECOVER‐Adult Cohort Study","journal_title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","journal_issn":"2326-5191","published_at":"2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70205","source_score":27,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-30","doi":"10.1002/art.70205","days":"14","issn":"2326-5191","rank":"2","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"27","category":"Rheumatology","categories":["Rheumatology"],"_categories":["Rheumatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70205","title":"Differences in SARS-CoV-2 antigen persistence in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A RECOVER-Adult Cohort Study.","journal":"Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)","methods":"","results":"Among 210 individuals with SARDs in RheumCARD and 348 individuals without SARDs in RECOVER-Adult, any SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity was more common in those with SARDs (36.7% in RheumCARD vs. 18.9% in RECOVER-Adult; p<0.001). Those with SARDs had higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 3.73, 95% CI: 1.28-10.85) or any antigen positivity (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.43-5.85) 3 months after COVID-19 infection and higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted OR 6.62, 95% CI: 1.09-40.30) 6 months after COVID-19 infection.","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42045807","conclusions":"Individuals with SARDs were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without SARDs, not explained by demographics, variant, vaccination, or treatment.","publication_date":"2026-04-28T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1002/art.70205","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70205","ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"link":[{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.70205","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.70205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen persistence in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A RECOVER‐Adult Cohort Study"],"author":[{"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center Mongan Institute Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Swank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Bioinspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center Mongan Institute Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"O'Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Negron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center Mongan Institute Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Liya S.","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Louise L.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Bioinspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Alene A.","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Natalie A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.M.","family":"Vanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"Sandria","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RECOVER Patient Representative New York NY USA"}]},{"given":"Julie S.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RECOVER Community Representative New York NY USA"},{"name":"MaskTogetherAmerica"}]},{"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Walt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Bioinspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA USA"},{"name":"RECOVER Patient Representative New York NY USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Mass General Brigham Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"RECOVER Patient Representative New York NY USA"}]},{"given":null,"family":null,"sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1002","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:40:23Z","timestamp":1777347623000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:09:08Z","timestamp":1778303348863,"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"},{"URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.70205"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-12-04"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2026-04-20"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2026-04-27"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:10:55Z","timestamp":1778299855000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2326-5191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2326-5205"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":null,"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["10.1002/art.70205"],"article-number":"art.70205","content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"reference-count":0,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":0,"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70205","is_oa":false,"title":"Differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen persistence in individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A RECOVER‐Adult Cohort Study","updated":"2026-04-29T12:12:29+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-27","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:29.994Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"condition","value":"COVID-19","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"condition","value":"Long COVID","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"generic","value":"SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, S1, nucleocapsid)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"modality","value":"Viral Antigen Testing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=558","value_numeric":558},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"warning","value":"Specific SARD diagnoses and individual immunosuppressant agents were not reported separately, limiting subgroup applicability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 6-month nucleocapsid antigen finding has a very wide confidence interval (aOR 6.62, 95% CI 1.09–40.30), suggesting limited statistical precision due to small event numbers at that timepoint.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70205","tag_type":"warning","value":"Two separate cohorts (RheumCARD and RECOVER-Adult) were compared rather than a single unified cohort, which may introduce differences in sample collection protocols or population characteristics not fully adjusted for.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study compared SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, S1, nucleocapsid) persistence at 3 and 6 months post-COVID-19 between 210 adults with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs; RheumCARD cohort) and 348 adults without SARDs (RECOVER-Adult cohort), using ultra-sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) testing.","key_result":"Any SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity was nearly twice as common in SARDs vs. non-SARDs (36.7% vs. 18.9%; p<0.001). At 3 months, SARDs patients had higher adjusted odds of any antigen positivity (aOR 2.89, 95% CI 1.43–5.85) and nucleocapsid positivity (aOR 3.73, 95% CI 1.28–10.85); at 6 months, nucleocapsid positivity remained elevated (aOR 6.62, 95% CI 1.09–40.30), independent of age, sex, variant year, vaccination, and treatment.","limitations":"- Retrospective design with two separate cohorts may introduce selection bias and unmeasured confounding (e.g., disease activity, specific immunosuppressant type).\n- Small numbers at 6-month nucleocapsid endpoint yield wide confidence intervals (aOR 6.62, 95% CI 1.09–40.30), limiting precision.\n- Only SARDs as a group were analyzed; subgroup differences by disease type or immunosuppressive regimen were not reported.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should be aware that patients with SARDs may harbor detectable SARS-CoV-2 antigens for 6+ months after COVID-19—a potential driver of Long COVID—and this risk is not mitigated by vaccination or standard treatments. Monitoring for post-acute sequelae in this population warrants heightened vigilance."}}],"initialOffset":3,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases"}}}]]

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