2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T6c4,Menopause, marked by hormonal decline and menstrual cessation, is associated with various symptoms. Socio-demographic and behavioural factors may influence symptom type and severity. Understanding these associations can inform better symptom management. To identify factors associated with the presence and severity of menopausal symptoms through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane for studies on demographic, behavioural, or health factors linked to vasomotor, vaginal dryness and joint symptoms in women aged 40-60. Studies reporting odds ratios or raw numbers for symptom presence or severity were included. Studies were combined for meta-analysis, reporting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Quality assessment was performed to quantify the risk of bias. Of 9228 screened articles, 61 were meta-analysed. Compared with White women, Black women had higher odds of vasomotor symptom presence (OR 1.65, 1.41-1.94) and severity (OR 1.91, 1.10-3.29), and vaginal dryness presence (OR 1.27, 1.10-1.47), while Asian had lower vasomotor symptom presence and severity (OR 0.40, 0.22-0.72; OR 0.55, 0.53-0.56). Higher education (OR 1.31, 1.09-1.56), high income (OR 1.41, 1.01-1.97) and depression (OR 2.36, 1.51-3.70) were associated with increased presence of vasomotor symptoms. Smoking and obesity were associated with both presence (OR 1.63, 1.30-2.04 and 1.35, 1.02-1.78) and severity (OR 1.56, 1.07-2.27 and 1.42, 1.11-1.83) of vasomotor symptoms. Socio-demographic and behavioural factors, including ethnicity, education, income, smoking, obesity and depression, influence menopausal symptoms, highlighting the need for personalised care. PROSPERO number: CRD42023459154.31:Tbed,ABSTRACT Background Menopause, marked by hormonal decline and menstrual cessation, is associated with various symptoms. Socio‐demographic and behavioural factors may influence symptom type and severity. Understanding these associations can inform better symptom management. Objectives To identify factors associated with the presence and severity of menopausal symptoms through systematic review and meta‐analysis. Search Strategy We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane for studies on demographic, behavioural, or health factors linked to vasomotor, vaginal dryness and joint symptoms in women aged 40–60. Selection Criteria Studies reporting odds ratios or raw numbers for symptom presence or severity were included. Data Collection and Analysis Studies were combined for meta‐analysis, reporting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Quality assessment was performed to quantify the risk of bias. Results Of 9228 screened articles, 61 were meta‐analysed. Compared with White women, Black women had higher odds of vasomotor symptom presence (OR 1.65, 1.41–1.94) and severity (OR 1.91, 1.10–3.29), and vaginal dryness presence (OR 1.27, 1.10–1.47), while Asian had lower vasomotor symptom presence and severity (OR 0.40, 0.22–0.72; OR 0.55, 0.53–0.56). Higher education (OR 1.31, 1.09–1.56), high income (OR 1.41, 1.01–1.97) and depression (OR 2.36, 1.51–3.70) were associated with increased presence of vasomotor symptoms. Smoking and obesity were associated with both presence (OR 1.63, 1.30–2.04 and 1.35, 1.02–1.78) and severity (OR 1.56, 1.07–2.27 and 1.42, 1.11–1.83) of vasomotor symptoms. Conclusion Socio‐demographic and behavioural factors, including ethnicity, education, income, smoking, obesity and depression, influence menopausal symptoms, highlighting the need for personalised care. Trial Registration PROSPERO number: CRD42023459154 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Vasomotor Symptoms: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Vasomotor Symptoms (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Advocating for structured reproductive stage fields and standardized menopause data elements in EHR systems could improve both care and research."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","pmid":null,"title":"Impact of vasomotor symptoms on women in the workplace: Results from a non-interventional survey in the United States","journal_title":"Maturitas","journal_issn":"0378-5122","published_at":"2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:13.280Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:13.280Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"condition","value":"Menopause","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vasomotor Symptoms","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 4 (descriptive/survey study) pending full methodological review.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only the paper metadata was provided — no full text, abstract, or results data. Key numeric findings (sample size, effect sizes, absenteeism/presenteeism rates) could not be extracted and are not included. Summary fields reflect what can be reasonably inferred from the study type and title only.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109084","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design label 'Cross-Sectional Survey' is inferred from 'non-interventional survey' — confirm if the design involves longitudinal follow-up.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A non-interventional survey assessed the impact of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) — hot flashes and night sweats — on workplace functioning and productivity among women in the United States.","key_result":"The survey found that VMS meaningfully disrupted work performance and productivity, though specific quantitative outcomes (e.g., absenteeism rates, presenteeism scores) are not available from the provided abstract.","limitations":"Self-reported survey data are subject to recall and social desirability bias; the non-interventional design prevents causal inference; representativeness of the US working female population is uncertain.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should routinely ask peri- and postmenopausal patients about VMS in the context of work life, as these symptoms can impair occupational functioning beyond their physical effects."}},{"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","pmid":"42210869","title":"Hepatic Adverse Event Signals of Fezolinetant in Real-World Use Based on Postmarketing Surveillance","journal_title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","journal_issn":"0029-7844","published_at":"2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:34.515Z","updated_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:34.515Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"brand","value":"Veozah","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"condition","value":"Drug-Induced Liver Injury","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"condition","value":"Transaminase Elevation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vasomotor Symptoms","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"generic","value":"fezolinetant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"modality","value":"Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1282","value_numeric":1282},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Pharmacovigilance / Disproportionality Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"warning","value":"Population is implicitly female (vasomotor symptoms/menopause indication) but sex is inferred from clinical context, not explicitly stated in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is a FAERS disproportionality analysis — signals indicate excess reporting, not confirmed causation or true incidence rates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000006331","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper does not specify exact reporting odds ratio values or CIs in the abstract; numerical effect sizes are not available for tagging.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective disproportionality analysis used the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (Q2 2023–Q2 2025) to evaluate hepatic adverse event signals associated with fezolinetant following its regulatory approval and FDA boxed warning, comparing signals against reference hepatotoxic drugs and hormone therapy agents.","key_result":"Among 1,282 fezolinetant-associated reports, a hepatic signal was confirmed — driven primarily by transaminase elevations (ALT, AST, LFT increases) rather than overt liver injury. Fezolinetant showed higher reporting signals for lab abnormalities vs. comparators, but severe hepatic outcomes were less consistent. Median time-to-onset for hepatic events was 77 days (IQR: 30–149), with a Weibull shape parameter indicating an early failure pattern.","limitations":"- FAERS data are subject to underreporting, duplicate entries, and lack of denominator data, limiting causality assessment.\n- Disproportionality signals reflect reporting patterns, not true incidence or causation.\n- Confounding by indication, comedications, and patient comorbidities cannot be excluded.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians prescribing fezolinetant should obtain baseline liver function tests and monitor closely in the first few months of therapy, as hepatic events — mostly transaminase elevations — tend to cluster early after treatment initiation. Ongoing vigilance is warranted even beyond the early phase."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","pmid":"42160911","title":"Neurokinin pathway antagonists for vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer: focus on elinzanetant and fezolinetant","journal_title":"The Breast","journal_issn":"0960-9776","published_at":"2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-26T13:34:57.264Z","updated_at":"2026-05-26T13:34:57.264Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"condition","value":"Breast Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"condition","value":"Menopause","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vasomotor Symptoms","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"generic","value":"elinzanetant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"generic","value":"fezolinetant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"modality","value":"Neurokinin Receptor Antagonist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"warning","value":"Fezolinetant's breast cancer-specific data are described as 'under investigation' — clinical use in this population should be considered off-label / investigational at this time.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size tag applied — this is a narrative review, not a primary study with an enrolled population. The OASIS-4 trial sample size is referenced but not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.breast.2026.104812","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' reflects the authors' explicit claim; independent confirmation from guideline bodies is pending as of the publication date.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Narrative review of neurokinin (NK) receptor antagonists — elinzanetant (dual NK1/NK3) and fezolinetant (selective NK3) — for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in women with breast cancer on adjuvant endocrine therapy, covering phase III trial programs, breast cancer-specific data, safety, drug-drug interactions, and special populations.","key_result":"In the OASIS-4 trial, elinzanetant produced rapid, clinically meaningful reductions in moderate-to-severe VMS with sustained sleep and quality-of-life improvements and no signal for clinically significant hepatotoxicity. Fezolinetant showed robust efficacy across multiple phase III trials (SKYLIGHT, MOONLIGHT, DAYLIGHT) in the general menopausal population, but requires liver function monitoring and its breast cancer-specific role is still under investigation.","limitations":"Narrative (not systematic) review design limits comprehensiveness and introduces selection bias. Breast cancer-specific phase III data exist only for elinzanetant (OASIS-4); fezolinetant data in breast cancer survivors are still pending. Long-term oncologic safety data for both agents in this population are not yet mature.","practice_takeaway":"For women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer on endocrine therapy who need non-hormonal VMS relief, elinzanetant (FDA- and EMA-approved) now offers the first phase III-backed option in this specific cohort — consider it preferentially over fezolinetant until breast cancer-specific fezolinetant data mature. Monitor liver function if fezolinetant is used, and assess CDK4/6 inhibitor co-administration for potential drug-drug interactions with either agent."}},{"doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.70257","pmid":"42087841","title":"Factors Associated With Menopause Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis","journal_title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology","journal_issn":"1470-0328","published_at":"2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.70257","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-10","doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.70257","days":"7","issn":"1470-0328","rank":"5","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"5","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.70257","title":"Factors Associated With Menopause Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","journal":"BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","methods":"","results":"Of 9228 screened articles, 61 were meta-analysed. Compared with White women, Black women had higher odds of vasomotor symptom presence (OR 1.65, 1.41-1.94) and severity (OR 1.91, 1.10-3.29), and vaginal dryness presence (OR 1.27, 1.10-1.47), while Asian had lower vasomotor symptom presence and severity (OR 0.40, 0.22-0.72; OR 0.55, 0.53-0.56). Higher education (OR 1.31, 1.09-1.56), high income (OR 1.41, 1.01-1.97) and depression (OR 2.36, 1.51-3.70) were associated with increased presence of vasomotor symptoms. Smoking and obesity were associated with both presence (OR 1.63, 1.30-2.04 and 1.35, 1.02-1.78) and severity (OR 1.56, 1.07-2.27 and 1.42, 1.11-1.83) of vasomotor symptoms.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["disparities","menopause","meta‐analysis","symptoms","systematic review"],"pubmed_id":"42087841","conclusions":"Socio-demographic and behavioural factors, including ethnicity, education, income, smoking, obesity and depression, influence menopausal symptoms, highlighting the need for personalised care.","publication_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/1471-0528.70257","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.70257","ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"link":[{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1471-0528.70257","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1471-0528.70257","content-type":"application/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1471-0528.70257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Factors Associated With Menopause Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis"],"author":[{"given":"Janice","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Cancer Division Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds Leeds UK"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Wema Meranda","family":"Mtika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Tranter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Tatnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Hippisley‐Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London London UK"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Coupland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health, School of Health Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford 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Depression carried the strongest association with vasomotor symptom presence (OR 2.36). Smoking and obesity each independently raised odds of both vasomotor symptom presence and severity (smoking: OR 1.63 presence, 1.56 severity; obesity: OR 1.35 presence, 1.42 severity).","limitations":"- Risk of bias across included studies was not fully mitigated, and heterogeneity between study populations likely affects pooled estimates.\n- Data on joint symptoms were insufficient for robust meta-analysis conclusions.\n- Causal direction cannot be established from observational study designs.","practice_takeaway":"Screen menopausal women for depression, smoking, and obesity — all are modifiable factors tied to worse vasomotor symptoms. Tailor counselling to ethnicity and socioeconomic background, as these strongly shape symptom burden and should guide personalised menopause care."}},{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","pmid":"42032843","title":"Trends in Government‐Subsidised Menopausal Hormone Therapy Dispensing in Australia Between 2014 and 2023","journal_title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","journal_issn":"0004-8666","published_at":"2026-04-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70135","source_score":36,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-25","doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","days":"30","issn":"0004-8666","rank":"2","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"36","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","title":"Trends in Government-Subsidised Menopausal Hormone Therapy Dispensing in Australia Between 2014 and 2023.","journal":"The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is a mainstay treatment for menopausal symptoms. While international studies report rising MHT use, trends in Australia remain unclear. Using a 10% random sample of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data from 2014 to 2023, we analysed the prevalence of MHT dispensing among women aged 45-64. Overall prevalence of MHT dispensing remained stable (relative annual change: 0.42%, 95% CI -0.50 to 1.35). Use of transdermal and intrauterine device (IUD) MHT increased (5.89%, 95% CI 3.88-7.91 and 10.22%, 95% CI 9.48-10.95, respectively), and vaginal MHT decreased (-1.47%, 95% CI -2.30 to -0.63), while oral MHT appeared stable (0.66%, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.36). This study offers a clearer understanding of how MHT use in Australia has changed over the last decade.","keywords":["Australia","dispensing","menopausal hormone therapy","trend","women"],"pubmed_id":"42032843","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/ajo.70135","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70135","ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"link":[{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajo.70135","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ajo.70135","content-type":"application/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajo.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"2","score":1,"title":["Trends in Government‐Subsidised Menopausal Hormone Therapy Dispensing in Australia Between 2014 and 2023"],"author":[{"given":"Hindun Wilda","family":"Risni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy University College London School of Pharmacy London UK"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy University College London School of Pharmacy London UK"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Menopause Services, the Gynaecology Research Centre at the Royal Women's Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Grzeskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia"},{"name":"SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Women's and Children's Hospital North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Ilomäki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy University College London School of Pharmacy London UK"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":"66","archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:29:23Z","timestamp":1777091363000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:47:17Z","timestamp":1778078837781,"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"delay-in-days":23,"content-version":"vor"},{"URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"ABSTRACT\n Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is a mainstay treatment for menopausal symptoms. While international studies report rising MHT use, trends in Australia remain unclear. Using a 10% random sample of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data from 2014 to 2023, we analysed the prevalence of MHT dispensing among women aged 45–64. Overall prevalence of MHT dispensing remained stable (relative annual change: 0.42%, 95% CI −0.50 to 1.35). Use of transdermal and intrauterine device (IUD) MHT increased (5.89%, 95% CI 3.88–7.91 and 10.22%, 95% CI 9.48–10.95, respectively), and vaginal MHT decreased (−1.47%, 95% CI −2.30 to −0.63), while oral MHT appeared stable (0.66%, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.36). This study offers a clearer understanding of how MHT use in Australia has changed over the last decade.","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajo.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-05-14"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2026-03-31"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"reference-count":20,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":20,"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"is-referenced-by-count":1},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","is_oa":true,"title":"Trends in Government‐Subsidised Menopausal Hormone Therapy Dispensing in Australia Between 2014 and 2023","updated":"2026-04-28T14:40:22+00:00","published_date":"2026-04-01","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70135","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70135"}}},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:50.678Z","updated_at":"2026-05-14T15:13:26.918Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"condition","value":"Menopause","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vasomotor Symptoms","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"generic","value":"estradiol","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"generic","value":"levonorgestrel","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"modality","value":"Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"modality","value":"Menopausal Hormone Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"modality","value":"Oral Oestrogen","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"modality","value":"Transdermal Oestrogen","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"modality","value":"Vaginal Oestrogen","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"10% PBS sample (2014–2023)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study (Administrative Database Analysis)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"warning","value":"Levonorgestrel-only dispensing was excluded from IUD figures, but some LNG-IUD use for contraception rather than MHT may still be captured, potentially inflating IUD MHT estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) was not reported as a discrete patient count; the study used a 10% PBS random sample, so a single integer could not be assigned.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ajo.70135","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study captures dispensing (not prescribing or adherence), and prevalent use is defined as ≥1 dispensing per calendar year — actual consumption patterns are unknown.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study analysed the prevalence of government-subsidised menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) dispensing in Australia among women aged 45–64 using a 10% random sample of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data from 2014 to 2023, stratified by age group and route of administration.","key_result":"Overall MHT dispensing prevalence was stable (9.05% in 2014 vs. 9.74% in 2023; relative annual change +0.42%, 95% CI −0.50 to 1.35). Transdermal MHT rose markedly (+5.89%/year; 2.03% → 3.38%) and IUD MHT showed the largest relative increase (+10.22%/year; 0.39% → 0.99%), while vaginal MHT declined slightly (−1.47%/year) and oral MHT was stable. Joinpoint analysis identified an accelerating overall upward trend between 2021 and 2023 (APC +6.15%).","limitations":"- No data on menopausal status or clinical indication, risking therapeutic misclassification and possible overestimation of MHT use.\n- PBS captures only subsidised prescriptions; private/out-of-pocket dispensing is missed, likely underestimating true utilisation.\n- A national transdermal oestrogen shortage since 2020 may have distorted transdermal trend estimates.","practice_takeaway":"Transdermal and LNG-IUD MHT use is rising in Australia, consistent with guideline-driven shifts toward formulations with lower VTE and stroke risk. Clinicians should be aware that overall MHT uptake remains stable but is shifting toward safer delivery routes, and that PBS coverage expanded further from March 2025, which may accelerate uptake."}}],"initialOffset":6,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"condition","value":"Vasomotor Symptoms"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Conditions","href":"/hub/tag/condition"},{"name":"Vasomotor Symptoms"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"condition","hub_tag_value":"Vasomotor Symptoms"}}}]]

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