2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T470,This study aimed to determine the influence of nosocomial bacterial and viral infections of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants on neurodevelopmental outcome and on rehospitalization rates during the first two years of life. Retrospective single-center cohort study including preterm infant born between 2010 and 2018 and followed until two years of age corrected for prematurity (Bayley scales). Of 620 study infants 418 without neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). were compared to 202 infants with NDI. Single or multiple nosocomial infections were not risk factors for NDI in a multivariate logistic regression model checked for multicollinearity. Infants with NDI were of younger gestational age, had lower birth weights and higher rates of neonatal complications (ileus, periventricular leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Nosocomial infection were also not risk factors for rehospitalizations by infectious diseases. Nosocomial infections did not significantly influence NDI and rehospitalization rates in preterm VLBW infants. The study was registered at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" DRKS00019000.31:T79c,Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the influence of nosocomial bacterial and viral infections of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants on neurodevelopmental outcome and on rehospitalization rates during the first two years of life. Study design Retrospective single-center cohort study including preterm infant born between 2010 and 2018 and followed until two years of age corrected for prematurity (Bayley scales). Results Of 620 study infants 418 without neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). were compared to 202 infants with NDI. Single or multiple nosocomial infections were not risk factors for NDI in a multivariate logistic regression model checked for multicollinearity. Infants with NDI were of younger gestational age, had lower birth weights and higher rates of neonatal complications (ileus, periventricular leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Nosocomial infection were also not risk factors for rehospitalizations by infectious diseases. Conclusions Nosocomial infections did not significantly influence NDI and rehospitalization rates in preterm VLBW infants. Trial registration number The study was registered at “Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien” DRKS00019000. 32:T54e,This study was conducted with strict adherence to the ethical principles outlined in Good Clinical Practice and the standards set by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Tripartite Guideline, as well as the Japan Good Clinical Practice regulations. Moreover, this trial upholds the ethical considerations and patient rights stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Independent Ethics Committee at each participating site, which approved all related materials and informed consent forms, as follows: 1. Showa Medical University Hospital Institutional Review Board. 2. Showa Medical University Koto Toyosu Hospital Institutional Review Board. 3. Showa Medical University Northern Yokohama Hospital Institutional Review Board. 4. Nara Medical University Hospital Institutional Review Board. 5. Saitama City Hospital Institutional Review Board. 6. The Central Institutional Review Board for the Fujita Health University Hospitals. 7. Bokutoh Hospital Clinical Trial Review Committee. 8. Review Board of Human Rights and Ethics for Clinical Studies. 9. Social Medical Corporation Aijinkai Group Takatsuki General Hospital Institutional Review Board. 10. Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center Institutional Review Board. 11. St. Marianna University Group Institutional Review Board.33:T608,Mother's own milk (MOM), appropriately fortified, provides optimal nutrition for hospitalized very low birth weight (VLBW [≤1500 g]) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and confers a myriad of other short- and long-term health benefits. Every family of a VLBW infant should receive information about the critical importance of MOM to the health of their infants and receive intensive support throughout the full course of their infant's hospitalization to achieve their personal lactation goals. Provision of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is recommended when MOM is not available, insufficient in volume, or is contraindicated. PDHM should optimally be continued until the infant's risk to develop necrotizing enterocolitis is low (approximately 34-36 weeks' postmenstrual age). Preterm infant formula is recommended when MOM is not available and PDHM is either not available or the family declines use. Promotion of human milk and breastfeeding for VLBW infants requires access to efficient, effective, and comfortable double electric breast pumps in the hospital and at home and multidisciplinary and system-wide adoption of lactation support practices, including early and frequent milk expression, skin-to-skin care (SSC), and direct breastfeeding. Addressing social inequities in provision of human milk at the local level requires access to PDHM, peer lactation support, maximizing use of interpreter services as appropriate, and implementation of standardized approaches to identify and address unmet basic needs.34:T623,Mother’s own milk (MOM), appropriately fortified, provides optimal nutrition for hospitalized very low birth weight (VLBW [≤1500 g]) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and confers a myriad of other short- and long-term health benefits. Every family of a VLBW infant should receive information about the critical importance of MOM to the health of their infants and receive intensive support throughout the full course of their infant’s hospitalization to achieve their personal lactation goals. Provision of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is recommended when MOM is not available, insufficient in volume, or is contraindicated. PDHM should optimally be continued until the infant’s risk to develop necrotizing enterocolitis is low (approximately 34–36 weeks’ postmenstrual age). Preterm infant formula is recommended when MOM is not available and PDHM is either not available or the family declines use. Promotion of human milk and breastfeeding for VLBW infants requires access to efficient, effective, and comfortable double electric breast pumps in the hospital and at home and multidisciplinary and system-wide adoption of lactation support practices, including early and frequent milk expression, skin-to-skin care (SSC), and direct breastfeeding. Addressing social inequities in provision of human milk at the local level requires access to PDHM, peer lactation support, maximizing use of interpreter services as appropriate, and implementation of standardized approaches to identify and address unmet basic needs.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Very Low Birth Weight: condition Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Very Low Birth Weight (condition). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Administrative/discharge data may undercount or misclassify clinical events. The study is retrospective and observational, so causal inference is not possible.","practice_takeaway":"A single 'Level III' NICU designation masks wide variation in volume, procedural capacity, and outcomes—clinicians and health systems should consider sub-classification when routing very preterm or very low birth weight infants to ensure risk-appropriate care."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","pmid":"42475067","title":"Childhood Factors and Positive Functioning Among Adults Born Very Preterm or With Very Low Birth Weight","journal_title":"JAMA Pediatrics","journal_issn":"2168-6203","published_at":"2026-07-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","source_score":187,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-25T13:57:40.345Z","updated_at":"2026-07-25T13:57:40.345Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"condition","value":"Very Low Birth Weight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"condition","value":"Very Preterm Birth","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=416","value_numeric":416},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Longitudinal Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"warning","value":"Attrition from 715 eligible to 416 assessed (~42% loss) is material and not fully characterized in the provided abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of confirms_prior reflects that VP/VLBW adults are known to have worse outcomes; the IQ finding adds specificity but does not dramatically change clinical practice alone.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.2877","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper's DOI and publication date (July 2026) are in the future relative to typical indexing; content appears to be a forthcoming or advance-published article — verify final version for any changes.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This longitudinal cohort study followed VP/VLBW adults (born <32 weeks or <1500 g) and term-born controls from Bavaria, Germany (born 1985–1986) to age 34, examining whether childhood person, process, and context factors predicted distinct positive functioning profiles across wealth, risk avoidance, and social relationships.","key_result":"Three functioning profiles emerged at age 34: optimal (63% overall; 56% of VP/VLBW), moderate (26%; low partner scores), and low economic/social functioning (12%; 18% of VP/VLBW). Life satisfaction was markedly higher in the optimal vs. low-functioning group (mean difference = 7.71; 95% CI, 5.17–10.24; d = 1.46). Each 1-SD increase in childhood IQ (at age 8) was associated with 79% lower odds of low vs. optimal functioning (OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13–0.34).","limitations":"- ~42% of the original 715 eligible adults were not assessed at age 34, raising potential attrition bias.\n- Sample restricted to one geographic region (Bavaria, Germany), limiting generalizability.\n- IQ and other childhood factors were measured at a single time point (age 6–8), which may not capture developmental trajectories.","practice_takeaway":"A meaningful subgroup (~18%) of VP/VLBW adults shows poor economic and social functioning by their mid-30s. Interventions that support cognitive development in early childhood may be a key lever for improving long-term life outcomes in this population."}},{"doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","pmid":"42442768","title":"Parental Anxiety Trajectories 2 Years After NICU Discharge","journal_title":"Pediatrics","journal_issn":"0031-4005","published_at":"2026-07-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-074834","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-22T13:37:59.277Z","updated_at":"2026-07-22T13:37:59.277Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"age_group","value":"neonate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"condition","value":"Parental Anxiety","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"condition","value":"Prematurity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"condition","value":"Very Low Birth Weight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"modality","value":"Mental Health Screening","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=315","value_numeric":315},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"warning","value":"Attrition was substantial across timepoints (up to ~36% of mothers by 24 months), which may affect the reliability of later prevalence estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tags reflect the infant cohort (n=315); parental dyad counts differ (298 mothers, 234 fathers) — the numeric tag uses the infant N as the primary cohort denominator.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1542/peds.2025-074834","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the finding that infant medical complexity did not predict parental anxiety, challenging a common clinical assumption — but no intervention was tested in this study.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Prospective cohort study following 298 mothers and 234 fathers of 315 preterm/VLBW infants (GA <30 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g), measuring anxiety (STAI) at 6, 12, and 24 months corrected age after NICU discharge.","key_result":"At 6 months, 25.3% of mothers and 16.9% of fathers had clinically significant anxiety (STAI-state ≥40); maternal rates declined modestly to 20.0% at 24 months, while paternal rates held steady (~17%). No perinatal or neonatal risk factors (including gestational age, birth weight, or morbidities) consistently predicted anxiety levels.","limitations":"- High attrition over time (e.g., mothers: 273 → 175) may bias later-timepoint estimates.\n- Single-center or limited-population cohort design may limit generalizability.\n- No intervention arm; study describes trajectories only, not outcomes of support strategies.","practice_takeaway":"Roughly 1 in 5 mothers and 1 in 6 fathers of NICU graduates still carry clinically significant anxiety two years after discharge — regardless of how sick their baby was. Systematic, long-term mental health screening should be offered to **both** parents at every post-NICU follow-up visit, not just those whose infants had the most severe complications."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","pmid":"42086726","title":"Impact of nosocomial infections on neurodevelopmental outcome and rehospitalization rate in preterm infants with birth weight below 1500 g (NINO study)","journal_title":"Journal of Perinatology","journal_issn":"0743-8346","published_at":"2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-08","doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","days":"7","issn":"0743-8346","rank":"2","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"10","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","title":"Impact of nosocomial infections on neurodevelopmental outcome and rehospitalization rate in preterm infants with birth weight below 1500 g (NINO study).","journal":"Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association","methods":"","results":"Of 620 study infants 418 without neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). were compared to 202 infants with NDI. Single or multiple nosocomial infections were not risk factors for NDI in a multivariate logistic regression model checked for multicollinearity. Infants with NDI were of younger gestational age, had lower birth weights and higher rates of neonatal complications (ileus, periventricular leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Nosocomial infection were also not risk factors for rehospitalizations by infectious diseases.","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42086726","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02681-2","ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02681-2.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02681-2","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02681-2.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Impact of nosocomial infections on neurodevelopmental outcome and rehospitalization rate in preterm infants with birth weight below 1500 g (NINO study)"],"author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Resch-Poteralski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Maurer-Fellbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Eichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Strenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Pichler-Stachl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Avian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Berndt","family":"Urlesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1038","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1777968968000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:11:28Z","timestamp":1777972288473,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02681-2"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"23 January 2026"},{"name":"revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Revised","order":2,"value":"6 March 2026"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":3,"value":"31 March 2026"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":4,"value":"5 May 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"},"order":1,"value":"The authors declare no competing interests."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"},"order":2,"value":"by the local ethic committee of the Medical University of Graz ID 31-396 ex 18/19. 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NDI was instead associated with younger gestational age, lower birth weight, and higher rates of ileus, periventricular leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","limitations":"Retrospective single-center design limits generalizability. Follow-up only to 2 years corrected age may miss later neurodevelopmental effects. No detail provided on infection types, severity, or pathogens.","practice_takeaway":"Nosocomial infections alone do not appear to drive NDI or rehospitalization risk in VLBW preterm infants — prematurity severity and neonatal complications (BPD, PVL) remain the dominant risk factors. Clinicians should focus neurodevelopmental surveillance resources on the youngest, smallest, and most complication-prone infants."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","pmid":"42056238","title":"Incidence and factors associated with dysphagia in infants born very preterm or very low birth weight","journal_title":"Journal of Perinatology","journal_issn":"0743-8346","published_at":"2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","source_score":8,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-29T13:23:15.030Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T13:23:15.030Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"age_group","value":"neonate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dysphagia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Intracranial Hemorrhage","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Necrotizing Enterocolitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Very Low Birth Weight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"condition","value":"Very Preterm Birth","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"modality","value":"Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=158","value_numeric":158},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"Gestational age and birth weight cutoffs defining 'very preterm' and 'very low birth weight' are not specified in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution of the cohort is not explicitly reported in the abstract; the 'mixed' sex tag is assumed based on typical NICU cohort composition.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02701-1","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is listed as published in 2026; today's date is May 29, 2026, so this is a very recent publication — findings have not yet been widely replicated.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective cohort study of 158 very preterm (VP) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born over two years, comparing 40 infants with dysphagia (confirmed by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing) to 118 without dysphagia.","key_result":"Dysphagia incidence was 25%. It was independently associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intracranial hemorrhage, as well as more central line days and longer hospital stays. Before discharge, 95% (38/40) required thickened feeds and 7.5% (3/40) needed a gastrostomy tube.","limitations":"Single-center retrospective design limits generalizability. Diagnosis required flexible endoscopic evaluation, which may not be uniformly applied, risking ascertainment bias. Small dysphagia group (n=40) may limit precision of regression estimates.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should screen VP/VLBW infants for dysphagia early, given a 1-in-4 incidence and strong links to NEC, BPD, and intracranial hemorrhage. Most affected infants will need thickened feeds at discharge, and a small subset will require gastrostomy."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","pmid":"42045666","title":"Growth and safety evaluation in very low birth weight infants receiving an exclusive human milk diet: a phase III randomized control trial in Japan","journal_title":"Journal of Perinatology","journal_issn":"0743-8346","published_at":"2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","source_score":14,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-27","doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","days":"30","issn":"0743-8346","rank":"7","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"14","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","title":"Growth and safety evaluation in very low birth weight infants receiving an exclusive human milk diet: a phase III randomized control trial in Japan.","journal":"Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"To determine safety and efficacy of exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) for very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants.\nProspective, controlled, open trial of VLBW infants randomized to EHMD (mother's own milk [MOM]/donor milk [DM] with human milk-based fortifiers) or Standard Diet (MOM/DM with cow milk-based fortifier/formula). Outcomes included superiority of weight gain velocity from birth to 34 weeks gestational age, time to full feeds, and safety.\nIn total, 147 infants received EHMD (n = 77) or Standard Diet (n = 70). The EHMD group had superior mean weight gain velocity versus the Standard Diet (13.44 vs 11.96 g/kg/day, p = 0.006) and earlier mean time to full feeds (20.0 vs 25.9 days, p = 0.03); adverse events were not significantly different (32.5% vs 21.4%, p = 0.13).\nEHMD is viable for management of VLBW infants, providing improved growth without reduced safety.\nJapan Registry of Clinical Trials: jRCT2031210384.","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"42045666","conclusions":"EHMD is viable for management of VLBW infants, providing improved growth without reduced safety.","publication_date":"2026-04-28T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02695-w","ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02695-w.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02695-w","content-type":"text/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02695-w.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Growth and safety evaluation in very low birth weight infants receiving an exclusive human milk diet: a phase III randomized control trial in Japan"],"author":[{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tokuo","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Utako","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Nishikubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Hiroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kazushige","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Jimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isamu","family":"Hokuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"member":"297","prefix":"10.1038","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:00:35Z","timestamp":1777273235000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:48:56Z","timestamp":1777276136229,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","start":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-026-02695-w"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Received","order":1,"value":"7 April 2025"},{"name":"revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Revised","order":2,"value":"18 March 2026"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"Accepted","order":3,"value":"10 April 2026"},{"name":"first_online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"},"label":"First Online","order":4,"value":"27 April 2026"},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"},"order":1,"value":"The authors declare no competing interests."},{"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"},"order":2,"value":"$32"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:00:49Z","timestamp":1777273249000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0743-8346"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-5543"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","reference":[{"DOI":null,"key":"2695_CR1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Neonatal Research Network of Japan. 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