2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2iy5wruuedsh6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00yc7rcvua6a7.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/37ktb71aq3480.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d50b-7eu4558.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d6noqpp6ehas.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1sx186c93bpzg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3dc-1n866s65i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2w1bvggzb0ga8.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T614,Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune skin disease which occurs independently and in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus. Drug development for CLE is severely lacking. Anandamide (AEA) is a primary endocannabinoid which exhibits immunomodulatory effects through mixed cannabinoid receptor agonism. We evaluated AEA as topical treatment for CLE and assessed benefits of nanoparticle encapsulation (AEA-NP) on cutaneous drug penetration, delivery and biological activity. Compared to untreated controls, AEA-NP decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 in UVB-stimulated keratinocytes (p < 0.05) in vitro. In BALB/c mice, AEA-NP displayed improved cutaneous penetration, extended release and persistence of AEA in the follicular unit extending to the base after 24 h. Utilizing the MRL-lpr lupus murine model, twice weekly treatment of lesions with topical AEA-NP for 10 weeks led to decreased clinical and histologic lesion scores compared to unencapsulated AEA and untreated controls (p < 0.05). Prophylactic application of AEA-NP to commonly involved areas on MRL-lpr mice similarly resulted in decreased clinical and histologic scores when compared to controls (p < 0.05), and reduced C3 and IBA-1 in lesional tissue (p < 0.05). The demonstrated clinical and immunomodulatory effects of treatment with AEA support its potential as therapy for CLE. This work also suggests that encapsulation of AEA improves penetration and treatment efficacy. Future studies will be conducted to assess full therapeutic potential.31:T6d4,AbstractCutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune skin disease which occurs independently and in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus. Drug development for CLE is severely lacking. Anandamide (AEA) is a primary endocannabinoid which exhibits immunomodulatory effects through mixed cannabinoid receptor agonism. We evaluated AEA as topical treatment for CLE and assessed benefits of nanoparticle encapsulation (AEA‐NP) on cutaneous drug penetration, delivery and biological activity. Compared to untreated controls, AEA‐NP decreased IL‐6 and MCP‐1 in UVB‐stimulated keratinocytes (p < 0.05) in vitro. In BALB/c mice, AEA‐NP displayed improved cutaneous penetration, extended release and persistence of AEA in the follicular unit extending to the base after 24 h. Utilizing the MRL‐lpr lupus murine model, twice weekly treatment of lesions with topical AEA‐NP for 10 weeks led to decreased clinical and histologic lesion scores compared to unencapsulated AEA and untreated controls (p < 0.05). Prophylactic application of AEA‐NP to commonly involved areas on MRL‐lpr mice similarly resulted in decreased clinical and histologic scores when compared to controls (p < 0.05), and reduced C3 and IBA‐1 in lesional tissue (p < 0.05). The demonstrated clinical and immunomodulatory effects of treatment with AEA support its potential as therapy for CLE. This work also suggests that encapsulation of AEA improves penetration and treatment efficacy. Future studies will be conducted to assess full therapeutic potential.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"anandamide: generic Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on anandamide (generic). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/generic/anandamide\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Generics\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/generic\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"anandamide\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/generic/anandamide\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"anandamide: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Explore research on anandamide (generic) — efficacy, safety, and comparative data.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","pmid":"42681668","title":"Endocannabinoid dynamics across marathon and ultramarathon running: evidence from two field studies","journal_title":"BMC Medicine","journal_issn":"1741-7015","published_at":"2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","source_score":180,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-07T06:30:48.374Z","updated_at":"2026-09-07T06:30:48.374Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anxiety","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Exercise-Induced Mood Changes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"condition","value":"Runner's High","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"generic","value":"2-arachidonoylglycerol","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"generic","value":"anandamide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"generic","value":"palmitoylethanolamide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"modality","value":"Endocannabinoid Signaling","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=55","value_numeric":55},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Field Study / Observational (Within-Subject Crossover + Cohort)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence rated 3 (field observational study without randomization); the marathon sub-study has a within-subject crossover element that could argue for level 2 in isolation, but ecological validity constraints limit this.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"Pre-race blood sampling for the 230 km group was done the evening before the race, not immediately before, which may introduce baseline variability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is a hybrid: Study 1 is a within-subject crossover field study; Study 2 is a prospective cohort. Labeling as a single study design is an approximation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-05186-z","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size of n=55 combines two distinct populations (marathon runners n=19; ultramarathon runners n=36) with different protocols, limiting direct cross-study comparisons.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Two field studies examined endocannabinoid (eCB) dynamics during prolonged endurance running: Study 1 had 19 trained runners complete a marathon vs. a duration-matched walk (blood sampled every 14 km and 45 min post-race); Study 2 had 36 ultramarathon runners complete 100 km, 160 km, or 230 km races (blood sampled pre- and post-race). Plasma AEA, 2-AG, 1-AG, AA, and PEA were measured alongside VAS ratings of euphoria, anxiety, and pain.","key_result":"AEA rose progressively throughout the marathon and stayed elevated 45 min post-race; it also increased after all ultramarathon distances. 2-AG rose only in the later stages of the marathon and into early recovery, and was elevated post-race in all ultramarathon groups. Marathon running produced higher euphoria and lower anxiety vs. walking; pain increased from 28 km onward. Ultramarathon running increased pain, reduced anxiety, but did not significantly change euphoria. Post-exercise AEA and 2-AG levels were higher after the marathon than after any ultramarathon distance, suggesting exercise intensity matters more than duration.","limitations":"- Small samples (n=19 marathon; n=36 ultramarathon) limit statistical power and generalizability.\n- Walking control reflects a lower-intensity condition rather than a true sedentary baseline, so condition differences reflect relative intensity rather than exercise vs. rest.\n- No mid-race blood sampling in the ultramarathon study, preventing temporal resolution of eCB dynamics during extreme endurance events.","practice_takeaway":"Prolonged running—even beyond a marathon—sustains elevated circulating AEA for at least 45 minutes post-exercise, suggesting eCB signaling may contribute to post-run mood and calming effects. Clinicians advising patients on exercise for anxiety or mood may note that sustained moderate-to-high intensity running appears to drive eCB responses more than duration or low-intensity walking alone."}},{"doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","pmid":"37726950","title":"Nano‐encapsulated anandamide reduces inflammatory cytokines in vitro and lesion severity in a murine model of cutaneous lupus erythematosus","journal_title":"Experimental Dermatology","journal_issn":"0906-6705","published_at":"2023-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14935","source_score":235,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2023-10-03","doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","days":"30","issn":"0906-6705","rank":"5","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"235","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","title":"Nano-encapsulated anandamide reduces inflammatory cytokines in vitro and lesion severity in a murine 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cannabinoid"],"pubmed_id":"37726950","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2023-09-20T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/exd.14935","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14935","ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"link":[{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/exd.14935","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"2072-2083","type":"journal-article","issue":"12","score":1,"title":["Nano‐encapsulated anandamide reduces inflammatory cytokines in vitro and lesion severity in a murine model of cutaneous lupus erythematosus"],"author":[{"given":"Erika T.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Department of Dermatology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Draganski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zylö Therapeutics Greenville South Carolina USA"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York Bronx USA"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Zahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Department of Dermatology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}]},{"given":"Sayra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York Bronx USA"}]},{"given":"Dillon","family":"Nussbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Department of Dermatology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Department of Dermatology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}]},{"given":"Chaim","family":"Putterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York Bronx USA"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine of Bar‐Ilan University Zefat Israel"},{"name":"Research Institute Galilee Medical Center Nahariya Israel"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York Bronx USA"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":"32","archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2023-09-20T05:12:52Z","timestamp":1695186772000,"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:02:54Z","timestamp":1757703774616,"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000,"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/exd.14935"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2022-11-25"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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Erythematosus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"generic","value":"anandamide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"modality","value":"Endocannabinoid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Preclinical Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"warning","value":"Preclinical study only (in vitro and murine MRL‑lpr models); no human participants.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample sizes for the MRL‑lpr efficacy cohorts were not provided in the excerpt.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/exd.14935","tag_type":"warning","value":"The supplemental tables report multiple outcomes over time; linkage to specific clinical versus histologic scores is not always explicit.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Topical nano‑encapsulated anandamide (AEA‑NP) was tested in vitro in UVB‑stimulated keratinocytes and in vivo in MRL‑lpr mice with cutaneous lupus, comparing AEA‑NP to unencapsulated AEA and no treatment, with twice‑weekly dosing for 10 weeks; a small BALB/c study assessed skin penetration and follicular persistence.","key_result":"AEA‑NP reduced IL‑6 and MCP‑1 in UVB‑stimulated keratinocytes (p<0.05) and improved cutaneous penetration with follicular persistence at 24 h in BALB/c skin. In MRL‑lpr mice, AEA‑NP decreased clinical and histologic lesion scores versus unencapsulated AEA and untreated controls (multiple adjusted p<0.05 across weeks 3–10); prophylactic AEA‑NP lowered plaque scores versus untreated (mean difference 7.33, p=0.0017) and control‑treated (mean difference 3.786, p=0.0132), and reduced C3 and IBA‑1 in lesional tissue (p<0.05).","limitations":"Findings are preclinical (keratinocyte assays and murine models) with no human data. Efficacy cohort sizes in MRL‑lpr experiments were not reported; the penetration study used n=3 BALB/c mice.","practice_takeaway":"AEA‑NP shows anti‑inflammatory activity and lowers lesion scores in a murine model of cutaneous lupus, with better skin penetration than unencapsulated AEA; this supports proceeding to human studies but is not yet practice‑changing."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"generic","value":"anandamide"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Generics","href":"/hub/tag/generic"},{"name":"anandamide"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"generic","hub_tag_value":"anandamide"}}}]]

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