2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2iy5wruuedsh6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00yc7rcvua6a7.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/37ktb71aq3480.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d50b-7eu4558.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2d6noqpp6ehas.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1sx186c93bpzg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3dc-1n866s65i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2w1bvggzb0ga8.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T7de,Grade group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer (PCa) carries a less favorable prognosis after standard-of-care (SOC) therapy, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. High-dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may modulate immune response in GG5 PCa, particularly in tumors with increased immune content. This study evaluated whether the addition of nivolumab to SOC was associated with improved disease control in patients with high-volume GG5 PCa, including those with oligometastatic disease. In this non-randomized phase II trial, 31 patients with localized or oligometastatic GG5 PCa and >30% positive biopsy cores were evaluated between September 2018 and April 2021. Patients received four doses of nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks) beginning 4 weeks prior to HDRBT, alongside ADT, HDRBT, and external beam radiation. The primary endpoint was to evaluate whether the 2-year freedom from biochemical recurrence (FFBR) rate would exceed a prespecified historical control rate of 75%. Among the 31 patients, the median follow-up was 38.8 months (IQR 31.0-46.5 months). The addition of nivolumab to SOC RT with ADT was associated with a 2-year FFBR rate of 90.3% (95% CI 74.3% to 98.0%) (median FFBR not reached), exceeding the prespecified historical control rate of 75% (one-sided p value from binomial test=0.024). Definitive and probable nivolumab-related toxicity included 6.3% acute grade 2 and 6.3% acute grade 3 adverse events (AEs), with no grade 4+ AEs observed. A higher Decipher immunosuppression score at diagnosis correlated with early pathologic response (p=0.005) and was independently associated with time to metastatic failure (p=0.044). Nivolumab combined with SOC was associated with encouraging FFBR in this high-risk GG5 PCa population and may represent a promising therapeutic intensification strategy. The Decipher immunosuppression score may serve as a predictive biomarker for response. These findings warrant further investigation in randomized trials.31:Ta2c, Background Grade group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer (PCa) carries a less favorable prognosis after standard-of-care (SOC) therapy, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. High-dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may modulate immune response in GG5 PCa, particularly in tumors with increased immune content. This study evaluated whether the addition of nivolumab to SOC was associated with improved disease control in patients with high-volume GG5 PCa, including those with oligometastatic disease. Methods In this non-randomized phase II trial, 31 patients with localized or oligometastatic GG5 PCa and >30% positive biopsy cores were evaluated between September 2018 and April 2021. Patients received four doses of nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks) beginning 4 weeks prior to HDRBT, alongside ADT, HDRBT, and external beam radiation. The primary endpoint was to evaluate whether the 2-year freedom from biochemical recurrence (FFBR) rate would exceed a prespecified historical control rate of 75%. Results Among the 31 patients, the median follow-up was 38.8 months (IQR 31.0–46.5 months). The addition of nivolumab to SOC RT with ADT was associated with a 2-year FFBR rate of 90.3% (95% CI 74.3% to 98.0%) (median FFBR not reached), exceeding the prespecified historical control rate of 75% (one-sided p value from binomial test=0.024). Definitive and probable nivolumab-related toxicity included 6.3% acute grade 2 and 6.3% acute grade 3 adverse events (AEs), with no grade 4+ AEs observed. A higher Decipher immunosuppression score at diagnosis correlated with early pathologic response (p=0.005) and was independently associated with time to metastatic failure (p=0.044). Conclusions Nivolumab combined with SOC was associated with encouraging FFBR in this high-risk GG5 PCa population and may represent a promising therapeutic intensification strategy. The Decipher immunosuppression score may serve as a predictive biomarker for response. These findings warrant further investigation in randomized trials. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"nivolumab: generic Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on nivolumab (generic). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Oncology","journal_issn":"1556-0864","published_at":"2026-09-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-16T06:22:48.155Z","updated_at":"2026-09-16T06:22:48.155Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"brand","value":"Imfinzi","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"brand","value":"Libtayo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"brand","value":"Tecentriq","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"condition","value":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"condition","value":"Small Cell Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"atezolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"cemiplimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"durvalumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"ivonescimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"serplulimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"generic","value":"tarlatamab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-Angiogenic 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population.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"warning","value":"Several cited trials (e.g., HARMONi-2, SKYSCRAPER-01, DeLLphi) are from 2024–2026 and may represent very recent or preliminary data not yet fully peer-validated at time of reading.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"warning","value":"The PACIFIC subgroup analysis suggesting reduced OS benefit in PD-L1 <1% patients is post hoc and limited by small numbers; clinical interpretation should be cautious.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103957","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis—trial selection and emphasis reflect author perspective and may not be exhaustive.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This 20-year narrative review covers the evolution of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in lung cancer—both NSCLC and SCLC—across all disease stages, from second-line monotherapy through perioperative strategies, including biomarkers, resistance mechanisms, toxicity, and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.","key_result":"ICIs have transformed lung cancer outcomes across stages: 5-year OS reached 31.9% with first-line pembrolizumab in PD-L1 ≥50% NSCLC (KEYNOTE-024) vs. ~5% historically; perioperative pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-671) yielded the first mature OS benefit in resectable NSCLC; consolidation durvalumab in unresectable stage III NSCLC (PACIFIC) achieved 42.9% 5-year OS vs. 29.1% for placebo; and in ES-SCLC, chemoimmunotherapy improved median OS by ~2–5 months (e.g., 12.3 vs. 10.3 months in IMpower133), though long-term survivors remain rare.","limitations":"- Entirely a narrative review; no primary data, meta-analysis, or systematic evidence synthesis—subject to selection bias in trial coverage.\n- Key outstanding questions (optimal ICI duration beyond 2 years, MRD-guided treatment decisions, best strategies for oncogene-driven NSCLC) remain unresolved due to lack of prospective randomized data.\n- Underrepresentation of older adults, patients with comorbidities, and low/middle-income populations in the cited trials limits generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"PD-L1 testing should guide first-line ICI selection in advanced NSCLC, with monotherapy favored at ≥50% and chemo-IO combinations appropriate across all expression levels; stopping ICI at 2 years appears safe based on current retrospective data, though prospective confirmation is lacking.\n\nIn oncogene-driven NSCLC (EGFR, ALK, RET, ROS1), ICIs offer limited benefit and carry serious safety risks when combined with TKIs—targeted therapy-first strategies should be prioritized and concurrent TKI-ICI use avoided outside clinical trials."}},{"doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","pmid":"42658562","title":"Biopsied Cutaneous Adverse Effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors and Progression-free Survival: A Retrospective Case Series of 75 Patients","journal_title":"The American Journal of Dermatopathology","journal_issn":"0193-1091","published_at":"2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-02T06:22:36.475Z","updated_at":"2026-09-02T06:22:36.475Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cancer (Mixed Solid Tumors)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cutaneous Adverse Effects","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"condition","value":"Immune-Related Adverse Events","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=75","value_numeric":75},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Case Series","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand name Keytruda/Opdivo association inferred from generic names mentioned; confirm if other agents were included in the 'most took' category.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"warning","value":"The borderline P-values (unadjusted P=0.07; weighted adjusted P=0.04) for the primary PFS finding should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/dad.0000000000003406","tag_type":"warning","value":"The specific cancer types in the cohort are not detailed in the abstract, limiting interpretation of the survival associations across tumor histologies.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective single-institution case series examined biopsy-confirmed cutaneous immune-related adverse effects in 75 patients on PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors (Sept 2014–June 2025), assessing histopathologic patterns and their association with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).","key_result":"Patients with type IV hypersensitivity (T4HS)-mediated reactions (60% of cohort) had a lower tumor progression hazard compared to non-T4HS reactions (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.23–1.05]; weighted adjusted P = 0.04 for PFS), though OS did not differ. One fatal case of toxic epidermal necrolysis was recorded.","limitations":"Small sample size (n=75) limits statistical power and generalizability. Single-institution, retrospective design introduces selection bias. P-values for the primary PFS association were borderline, requiring cautious interpretation.","practice_takeaway":"When a patient on PD-1/PD-L1 therapy develops a biopsy-confirmed T4HS skin reaction (lichenoid, eczematoid, or other), it may signal better tumor control — consider this when weighing checkpoint inhibitor continuation decisions. Rare but life-threatening reactions like TEN can occur and warrant vigilant monitoring."}},{"doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","pmid":"42013417","title":"Cellular Neighborhoods Govern Antitumor T-cell Infiltration Following Anti–CTLA-4 in Melanoma with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1","journal_title":"Cancer Discovery","journal_issn":"2159-8274","published_at":"2026-08-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13274726/","source_score":61,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:32.032Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:32.032Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"brand","value":"Yervoy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"condition","value":"Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"condition","value":"Primary Resistance to Anti-PD-1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-PD-1 Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is described as a phase 2 trial; randomization details and allocation ratio are not confirmed from the abstract alone.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of practice_changing is applied cautiously — findings are from a phase 2 trial and the biomarker signatures are exploratory/associative, not yet validated in prospective cohorts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1745","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size (N) is not explicitly reported in the abstract; the sample_size tag was omitted due to insufficient data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"The SWOG S1616 phase 2 trial (NCT03033576) evaluated ipilimumab + nivolumab vs. ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma and primary resistance to anti-PD-1/L1 therapy, using baseline and on-therapy biopsies to map transcriptomic and spatial proteomic features linked to response or progression.","key_result":"Responders to combination therapy showed increased baseline myeloid complement expression, endothelial interferon signaling, and melanoma-cell oxidative phosphorylation/lipid metabolism; on-therapy, responders displayed spatial networks of activated CD8+ T cells near melanoma cells or T cell–myeloid cell clusters. Non-responders showed plasma cell sheets that physically blocked T-cell infiltration adjacent to tumor.","limitations":"Phase 2 trial with a limited sample size constrains generalizability; findings are associative and may not establish causality; spatial proteomic analysis was restricted to a subset of on-therapy biopsies, which may introduce selection bias.","practice_takeaway":"In anti-PD-1-refractory advanced melanoma, adding ipilimumab to nivolumab can reverse resistance—baseline biopsy signatures (myeloid complement, interferon pathways) and spatial T-cell neighborhoods may help predict who benefits. Plasma cell-rich tumor microenvironments at baseline or on therapy may flag patients unlikely to respond and warrant alternative strategies."}},{"doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","pmid":"42568118","title":"Drug-associated vitiligo: A systematic review of therapies, clinical patterns and mechanisms","journal_title":"Clinical and Experimental Dermatology","journal_issn":"0307-6938","published_at":"2026-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ced/llag350","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:22.415Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:22.415Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"condition","value":"Drug-Induced Skin Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vitiligo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"diphenylcyclopropenone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"imiquimod","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"interferon alfa","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"generic","value":"ribociclib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"modality","value":"Biologic Immunomodulator","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"modality","value":"CDK4/6 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"modality","value":"Interferon","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"modality","value":"Topical Immune Modifier","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=258","value_numeric":258},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age and sex distributions were not explicitly reported in aggregate in the abstract; mixed tags are inferred from the multi-condition, multi-drug nature of included cases.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (systematic review of case reports/series) rather than 1, because the underlying data are case-level reports without controlled comparators—causality cannot be confirmed for most associations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ced/llag350","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the prognostic signal in melanoma (90.5% favourable outcomes), but this is based on a small subset with available data (n=42) and should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of published cases (January 1975–January 2026) reporting new-onset vitiligo following exposure to any pharmacological agent, characterising implicated drug classes, clinical patterns, latency, and proposed pathogenic mechanisms across 258 individual cases.","key_result":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were the most implicated drug class (72/258, 27.9%), followed by topical immune modifiers/sensitisers (46/258, 17.8%), biologic immunomodulators (44/258, 17.1%), and targeted therapies (43/258, 16.7%). Vitiligo onset most often occurred 3–6 months after treatment start (66/256, 25.8%). Among malignancy-associated cases with outcome data, 77.9% (74/95) had favourable oncological outcomes, rising to 90.5% (38/42) in melanoma cases.","limitations":"- All cases are from published reports, introducing selection and publication bias; causality cannot be established for many associations.\n- Outcome data were available for only a subset of malignancy-associated cases (95 of a larger cohort), limiting generalisability.\n- Narrative synthesis only—no meta-analysis—due to clinical heterogeneity across drug classes and case designs.","practice_takeaway":"When a patient on an ICI, biologic, or targeted therapy develops new depigmentation, drug-associated vitiligo should be on the differential—onset typically within 3–6 months of starting treatment. In melanoma patients, vitiligo development may signal a favourable treatment response and should be communicated as a potentially positive prognostic marker rather than a reason to stop therapy."}},{"doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","pmid":"42360819","title":"Peripheral Th17 Immune Signature Associates with Excellent Response to Anti–PD-1/Anti–PD-L1 Therapy across Solid Tumors","journal_title":"Cancer Immunology Research","journal_issn":"2326-6066","published_at":"2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-11T13:26:22.511Z","updated_at":"2026-08-11T13:26:22.511Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"condition","value":"Advanced Solid Tumors","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metastatic Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"generic","value":"atezolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=124","value_numeric":124},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"warning","value":"Specific anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents used are not named in the abstract; generic drug tags (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab) are inferred from common clinical practice and may not reflect the actual drugs used in this cohort.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"warning","value":"The level of evidence (3) reflects a single prospective cohort without a validation dataset; results should be interpreted as exploratory.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-1611","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously — findings are hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation; the cohort is heterogeneous across tumor types.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This prospective study evaluated peripheral immune signatures — including Th17 cells and cytokines — as biomarkers of excellent response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in 124 patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors, comparing excellent responders (complete response or durable partial response with PFS ≥1 year) to non-excellent responders at baseline and early on-treatment.","key_result":"Excellent responders (30/124, 24.2%) had significantly higher baseline and early on-treatment Th17-associated cytokines (IL-17F, IL-21, IL-23) and lower IL-8 vs. non-responders (p<0.05). Non-responders showed a rise in exhaustion-like Th17 cells (Ki67+TIGIT+) from baseline to early on-treatment (p<0.01), a pattern absent in excellent responders. High baseline IL-17F and IL-23 associated with superior PFS; high baseline IL-8 associated with inferior overall survival.","limitations":"Single-center prospective cohort with a relatively small sample (n=124); patients received heterogeneous regimens (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 alone or in combination), which may confound immune signatures; generalizability across specific tumor types is limited given the pan-solid tumor design.","practice_takeaway":"Baseline peripheral Th17 cytokines (IL-17F, IL-23) and IL-8 may serve as accessible blood-based biomarkers to predict durable ICI benefit — and warrant prospective validation before clinical adoption. Monitor for early on-treatment expansion of exhaustion-like Th17 cells (Ki67+TIGIT+) as a potential signal of non-response."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","pmid":"42521814","title":"The DNA damage response and cancer immunotherapy","journal_title":"Nature Reviews Cancer","journal_issn":"1474-175X","published_at":"2026-07-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","source_score":25,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-08T13:23:34.523Z","updated_at":"2026-08-08T13:23:34.523Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"brand","value":"Lynparza","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"BRCA-Mutated Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Colorectal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Ovarian Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"ceralasertib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"durvalumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"niraparib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"olaparib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"rucaparib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"talazoparib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"ATM Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"ATR Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"DNA-PK Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"PARP Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Impact flag 'practice_changing' reflects the established clinical translation of MMR-deficiency testing and PARPi use, both discussed extensively in cited landmark trials rather than new data from this review itself.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size tag applied — this is a review article without a primary patient cohort.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Some referenced clinical trials listed have completion dates in 2025–2026 and may represent very recent or ongoing work; findings may evolve.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review, not a systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence synthesis reflects author selection and may not be exhaustive.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review examines how DNA damage response (DDR) defects and DDR inhibitors potentiate cancer immunotherapy, focusing on the molecular mechanisms linking genomic instability to immune activation — including neoantigen generation and cGAS–STING pathway induction — and evaluates DDR-targeted combination strategies with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).","key_result":"DDR-deficient tumors (e.g., MMR-deficient, POLE-mutant, BRCA1/2-mutant) generate high neoantigen loads and cytosolic DNA that activates cGAS–STING, triggering type I interferon and immune cell recruitment. MMR deficiency is an established pan-cancer biomarker for ICI response; PARPi + ICB combinations show preclinical and early clinical synergy. Resistance mechanisms include BRCA reversion mutations, TREX1-mediated cGAS suppression, ENPP1-mediated cGAMP hydrolysis, and regulatory T cell activity.","limitations":"This is a narrative review without systematic search methods or meta-analytic synthesis, so it is subject to selection bias in the literature cited. Most combination DDR inhibitor + ICB clinical data are from early-phase or single-arm trials, limiting conclusions about efficacy and generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"Test tumors for MMR deficiency and TMB before initiating immunotherapy, as DDR defects are the strongest predictive biomarkers for ICI benefit across cancer types. Combining PARPi with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is an active clinical strategy — particularly in BRCA-mutant and HR-deficient cancers — but watch for overlapping toxicity and emerging resistance mechanisms."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","pmid":"42522039","title":"Tailored FcγR blockade enhances immune checkpoint therapy and overcomes resistance","journal_title":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research","journal_issn":"1756-9966","published_at":"2026-07-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","source_score":40,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-31T13:37:15.775Z","updated_at":"2026-07-31T13:37:15.775Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Yervoy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Colorectal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Solid Tumors","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"BI-1206","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"BI-1607","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Fc Gamma Receptor Blocker","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Preclinical In Vivo and In Vitro Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Multiple authors are employed by BioInvent International, the company developing BI-1206 and BI-1607; industry funding and conflicts of interest should be weighed when interpreting results.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample sizes for individual in vivo experiments are not consistently reported in the abstract or full text excerpts; statistical robustness of some comparisons is uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied based on the mechanistic novelty and ongoing clinical trials, not proven clinical benefit — results are still investigational.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13046-026-03785-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is entirely preclinical (mouse models and human cell cultures); no patient outcomes data are reported. Clinical translatability is unproven.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This preclinical study tested whether tailored FcγR blockade — using either FcγRIIB-selective (Fc-silenced; BI-1607/αFcγRIIΔFc) or pan-FcγR-blocking (Fc-competent; BI-1206/αFcγRIIwt) antibodies — could enhance the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) immune checkpoint therapies in syngeneic mouse tumor models (CT26, MC38, B16) and in human cell co-culture systems.","key_result":"FcγRIIB-selective blockade (αFcγRIIΔFc/BI-1607) boosted anti-CTLA-4 efficacy by increasing intratumoral Treg depletion, M1 myeloid reprogramming, IFN-γ/CXCL10 induction, and activated CD8+ T cells; it also enhanced low-dose ipilimumab (2 mg/kg) to match the efficacy of the toxic 10 mg/kg dose and extended activity to PD-1-resistant B16 tumors. Conversely, pan-FcγR blockade (αFcγRIIwt/BI-1206) enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy by blocking macrophage phagocytosis of PD-1-coated CD8+ T cells, increasing intratumoral activated CD8+ T cells; it also overcame resistance to FcγR-engaging anti-PD-1 antibodies in vivo.","limitations":"- All efficacy data are from murine syngeneic tumor models and in vitro human cell systems; no clinical efficacy data are presented.\n- Several authors are employed by or financially tied to BioInvent International, the developer of BI-1206 and BI-1607, representing a significant conflict of interest.\n- Mouse models may not replicate the toxicity profile of high-dose αCTLA-4 in humans, limiting conclusions about safety separation.","practice_takeaway":"Combining FcγRIIB-selective blockade (BI-1607) with anti-CTLA-4, or pan-FcγR blockade (BI-1206) with anti-PD-1, may enhance checkpoint therapy efficacy through distinct mechanisms — but this remains preclinical; clinicians should watch for results from the ongoing trials (NCT06784648, NCT04219254)."}},{"doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","pmid":"42493213","title":"Randomized phase II trial of nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: the CheckPRO, CA209-8TY trial","journal_title":"Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer","journal_issn":"2051-1426","published_at":"2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-31T13:37:10.753Z","updated_at":"2026-07-31T13:37:10.753Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"brand","value":"Yervoy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"modality","value":"Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=81","value_numeric":81},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"warning","value":"Genomic/biomarker data (MSI, DDR status) are not yet reported, so the ~20% responder subset cannot be characterized from this publication alone.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"warning","value":"Phase II trial design was not powered for a direct arm-vs-arm comparison; no p-values were used for between-arm differences per the statistical plan.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/jitc-2026-014803","tag_type":"warning","value":"The evaluable population (n=81) fell short of the planned 40 per arm due to disproportionate dropouts in arm A before treatment, making the trial closer to observational for the SBRT comparison; results should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This randomized phase II trial (CheckPRO/CA209-8TY) evaluated nivolumab (3 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) with SBRT (arm A, 24 Gy in 3 fractions) versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab alone (arm B) in 81 evaluable patients with mCRPC who had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy (nearly all had ≥3 lines including docetaxel and cabazitaxel). Dual primary endpoints were PSA50 response rate and ORR; median follow-up was 57.2 months.","key_result":"Adding SBRT did not improve outcomes: PSA50 response was 21.6% (arm A) vs 20.5% (arm B); ORR was 16.7% vs 22.2%; median OS was 10.2 vs 9.2 months. Grade 3–4 TRAEs occurred in 33.3% of all patients. Patients without a PFS event at 6 months had a markedly longer median OS (27.6 months vs 5.3 months for those who progressed by 6 months). Low baseline LDH, CRP ≤10 mg/L, and NLR <5 were each associated with longer OS.","limitations":"- Higher dropout rate in arm A (n=8) vs arm B (n=2) before treatment due to SBRT planning delays, creating imbalance and potential selection bias.\n- No genomic or translational biomarker data available yet (MSI/DDR status unknown), limiting interpretation of who may benefit.\n- Single-center design with small evaluable sample (n=81) and a long accrual period (Nov 2019–Jan 2024), reducing generalizability and novelty.","practice_takeaway":"SBRT does not enhance the response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab in heavily pretreated mCRPC; clinicians should not add SBRT to dual ICI outside a trial setting for this indication. About 20% of patients did respond to dual ICI alone, so biomarker-selected trials (e.g., MSI-high, DDR mutations) remain a priority for identifying who benefits."}},{"doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","pmid":"42495971","title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy following immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic melanoma: a case report","journal_title":"Melanoma Research","journal_issn":"0960-8931","published_at":"2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":null,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":false},"created_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:30.564Z","updated_at":"2026-07-28T14:02:30.564Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"brand","value":"Mekinist","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"brand","value":"Tafinlar","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"brand","value":"Yervoy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"condition","value":"Acute Kidney Injury","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"condition","value":"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metastatic Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"condition","value":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"generic","value":"dabrafenib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"generic","value":"trametinib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"modality","value":"BRAF Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"modality","value":"MEK Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1","value_numeric":1},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Case Report","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"warning","value":"PRES diagnosis was based on neuroimaging findings; full clinical details of imaging are not provided in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"warning","value":"Single case report — findings cannot be generalized or used to establish causality between sequential therapy regimens and HLH.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/cmr.0000000000001120","tag_type":"warning","value":"The relative contribution of EBV reactivation vs. drug-induced immune dysregulation to HLH onset is unclear from the report.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A 61-year-old woman with BRAF V600K-mutant metastatic melanoma (stage IV) who developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after sequential treatment with nivolumab/ipilimumab → nivolumab monotherapy → dabrafenib/trametinib.","key_result":"HScore of 234 (98% probability of HLH) was reached; the patient also developed hemolysis, DIC, acute kidney injury, EBV reactivation, and PRES with transient visual disturbances. With immunosuppressive and supportive therapy, inflammatory markers, coagulation, and renal function gradually improved; visual symptoms resolved within 2 days.","limitations":"Single case report limits generalizability; causal attribution between sequential therapy and HLH cannot be definitively established; long-term outcomes not reported.","practice_takeaway":"In patients transitioning from immune checkpoint inhibitors to BRAF/MEK inhibitors for metastatic melanoma, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for HLH — especially when sepsis-like presentations are accompanied by cytopenias, coagulopathy, or EBV reactivation. Early HScore calculation and prompt interdisciplinary evaluation can be life-saving."}},{"doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","pmid":"42484487","title":"Undifferentiated and Dedifferentiated Melanoma of the Genitourinary Tract: A Case Series Demonstrating the Potential for Diagnostic Pitfalls","journal_title":"International Journal of Surgical Pathology","journal_issn":"1066-8969","published_at":"2026-07-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10668969261470831","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-29T13:31:14.925Z","updated_at":"2026-07-29T13:31:14.925Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"category","value":"Surgery","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dedifferentiated Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metastatic Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"condition","value":"Undifferentiated Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=4","value_numeric":4},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Case Series","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"warning","value":"BRAF mutations identified were class 3 (D594N, G466R), which are atypical and may not respond to standard BRAF-targeted inhibitors — a nuance relevant to treatment planning beyond immunotherapy.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"warning","value":"Median follow-up of 28 months is driven by only 3 evaluable patients; one patient was lost to follow-up early, limiting survival conclusions.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1177/10668969261470831","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously given the very small sample size (n=4); findings are hypothesis-generating rather than definitive. Clinicians should weigh results accordingly.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Four cases of metastatic undifferentiated/dedifferentiated melanoma involving genitourinary sites (adrenal gland, kidney, perirenal soft tissue) in 3 women and 1 man (median age 67 years), evaluated for diagnostic pitfalls and treatment outcomes with PD-1-based immunotherapy.","key_result":"All four tumors lacked classic melanocytic markers (S100/SOX10/MelanA/HMB45) yet showed aberrant keratin/p63 expression; MAPK-pathway drivers (BRAF, NRAS, NF1) were found in all cases. Three of four patients achieved complete responses on PD-1 inhibitor therapy (pembrolizumab n=3, nivolumab n=1) and remain alive and disease-free at a median follow-up of 28 months.","limitations":"Very small case series (n=4) limiting generalizability; one patient was lost to follow-up at 2 months; retrospective design without a control group.","practice_takeaway":"In high-grade GU tumors with aberrant keratin or p63 staining but no obvious carcinoma lineage, consider undifferentiated/dedifferentiated melanoma—add SOX10, S100, and next-generation sequencing to the workup. Correct identification matters: these patients can achieve durable complete responses with PD-1 inhibitor therapy."}},{"doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","pmid":"42426863","title":"Long-term follow-up of a phase 1/2 trial of anti-GDF-15 antibody visugromab plus anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in anti-PD-1/-L1 relapsed/refractory solid tumors","journal_title":"Journal of Hematology & Oncology","journal_issn":"1756-8722","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","source_score":43,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-16T13:37:21.163Z","updated_at":"2026-07-16T13:37:21.163Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"condition","value":"Urothelial Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"generic","value":"visugromab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-GDF-15 Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-PD-1 Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=77","value_numeric":77},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"Cohort sizes are small (n=22–28 per tumor type), yielding wide confidence intervals for all efficacy estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"No randomized comparator arm — response and DoR comparisons to prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy are historical/within-patient, not controlled. Causal conclusions should be drawn cautiously.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"Protracted recruitment in the HCC cohort is flagged by the authors as a potential confounder for DoR estimates in that group.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1186/s13045-026-01818-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'brand' tag for nivolumab (Opdivo) is inferred from standard knowledge; the paper does not explicitly state the brand name.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Long-term follow-up of the phase 1/2a GDFATHER-01 trial evaluating visugromab (anti-GDF-15, 10 mg/kg) plus nivolumab (240 mg) every 2 weeks in 77 heavily pretreated adults with anti-PD-1/PD-L1–relapsed/refractory locally advanced or metastatic nsq NSCLC (n=22), urothelial carcinoma (n=27), or hepatocellular carcinoma (n=28).","key_result":"ORRs were 18.2% (nsq NSCLC), 18.5% (UC), and 14.3% (HCC); median DoR was 32.2, 28.8, and 19.4 months respectively, with 7/13 responses (53.8%) still ongoing. Among responders, 61.5% (8/13) achieved a confirmed CR or CMR, and 46.2% (6/13) had a deeper response than on their prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy; median DoR on visugromab + nivolumab was 28.8 months vs. 12.0 months on initial anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment.","limitations":"- Single-arm expansion cohorts with no randomized comparator, limiting causal inference.\n- Small cohort sizes (n=22–28) reduce precision of estimates (wide 95% CIs).\n- Protracted recruitment in the HCC cohort may introduce bias in DoR interpretation.","practice_takeaway":"In patients with anti-PD-1/PD-L1–refractory nsq NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, or HCC, adding visugromab to nivolumab produced durable responses (median DoR ~19–32 months) and a high CR/CMR rate among responders. These results are hypothesis-generating; randomized trials are needed before practice change."}},{"doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","pmid":"42345030","title":"Hodgkin lymphoma: EHA Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up","journal_title":"HemaSphere","journal_issn":"2572-9241","published_at":"2026-06-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hem3.70422","source_score":24,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:37.319Z","updated_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:37.319Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"brand","value":"Adcetris","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"condition","value":"Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hodgkin Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"condition","value":"Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"bleomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"brentuximab vedotin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"doxorubicin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"generic","value":"rituximab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antibody-Drug Conjugate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-CD20 Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combination Chemotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"Involved-Site Radiotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Clinical Practice Guideline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"warning","value":"BrECADD (brand: Adcetris-based regimen) is recommended as preferred over eBEACOPP for advanced cHL ≤60 yrs based on HD21 final analysis presented at ASH 2025 (abstract form); full peer-reviewed publication of that final analysis may be pending.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"warning","value":"N-AVD data in older patients (>60 yrs) comes from a subgroup analysis of SWOG S1826, which enrolled patients aged 12–84 years; direct applicability to older adults should be interpreted with this context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size tag was applied as this is a guideline, not a single study with a defined N.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hem3.70422","tag_type":"warning","value":"The guideline uses a combined EHA evidence/consensus grading system (e.g., 1A, 2B, 5A); level_of_evidence tag is set to '2' reflecting consensus-based guideline methodology, not a single primary study.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This EHA Clinical Practice Guideline covers diagnosis, staging, risk-adapted treatment, and follow-up of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), including classic HL (cHL) across all stages and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL), in adults of all ages.","key_result":"Key recommendations by stage:\n\n- **Early favorable cHL**: 2× ABVD → 20 Gy IS-RT (standard, regardless of interim PET)\n- **Early unfavorable cHL (≤60 yrs)**: 2× eBEACOPP + 2× ABVD → 30 Gy IS-RT if PET+; no RT if PET− (HD17: 5-yr PFS 97.7% vs. 95.9%)\n- **Advanced cHL (≤60 yrs)**: BrECADD ×4 or ×6 (PET-guided) → IS-RT if PET+ (HD21: 5-yr PFS 93.6% vs. 90.6% for eBEACOPP; 5-yr OS 98% both)\n- **Advanced cHL (>60 yrs)**: N-AVD ×6 preferred (S1826: 3-yr PFS 82% vs. 58% for BV-AVD in older patients)\n- **Relapsed/refractory cHL**: PD-1 inhibitor + chemo → HDCT/ASCT; BV maintenance for high-risk post-ASCT (AETHERA: 5-yr PFS 59% vs. 41%)\n- **Stage IA NLPHL**: 30 Gy IS-RT alone (8-yr PFS 91.9%, OS 99%)","limitations":"- Guideline recommendations vary in evidence level (1A to 5A); several key recommendations rely on retrospective or single-arm Phase II data, especially for older patients and NLPHL.\n- Limited data exist on BrECADD and N-AVD in patients pre-exposed to BV or PD-1 inhibitors in first-line (relevant as these agents move earlier).\n- NLPHL recommendations largely derive from studies that co-enrolled cHL patients, with few prospective NLPHL-specific trials.","practice_takeaway":"For advanced cHL in patients ≤60, BrECADD (PET-guided 4 or 6 cycles) is now the preferred first-line regimen over eBEACOPP, with N-AVD as a less intensive alternative; for patients >60, N-AVD is the standard. In relapsed/refractory cHL, use PD-1 inhibitor–based salvage before HDCT/ASCT whenever accessible, and consider BV maintenance post-ASCT in high-risk patients."}},{"doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","pmid":"42330019","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Novel‐Agent–Based Front‐Line Therapy in Older Adults Aged ≥ 60 Years With Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis","journal_title":"Hematological Oncology","journal_issn":"0278-0232","published_at":"2026-06-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.70215","source_score":9,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-29T13:22:40.940Z","updated_at":"2026-06-29T13:22:40.940Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"brand","value":"Adcetris","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"condition","value":"Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"generic","value":"brentuximab vedotin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antibody-Drug Conjugate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=568","value_numeric":568},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution across included studies is not reported in the abstract; the 'mixed' sex tag is assumed based on typical cHL trial enrollment.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 2-year PFS confidence interval (45–83%) is very wide, limiting precision of the pooled estimate.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/hon.70215","tag_type":"warning","value":"The nivolumab vs. BV comparison is indirect with significant heterogeneity — no head-to-head trial data are available; results should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel-agent–based frontline regimens (Brentuximab Vedotin and PD-1 inhibitors) in patients aged ≥ 60 years with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), pooling data from 11 studies (n=568).","key_result":"Pooled complete response (CR) rate was 71% (95% CI: 57–81%) and pooled 2-year PFS was 66% (95% CI: 45–83%). In indirect subgroup comparisons, nivolumab-based regimens showed higher response rates and PFS than BV-based regimens, with lower rates of treatment discontinuation, Grade ≥ 3 infections, and neuropathy.","limitations":"- All comparisons between nivolumab- and BV-based regimens are indirect, with marked heterogeneity across studies.\n- Only 11 studies with 568 patients were included, likely reflecting the underrepresentation of older adults in clinical trials.\n- Differences in outcomes may reflect study design and patient selection rather than true treatment effects.","practice_takeaway":"Novel-agent–based frontline regimens offer better efficacy and tolerability than traditional chemotherapy in older adults (≥60) with cHL. Nivolumab-based regimens appear to be a particularly favorable option, but direct comparative trials are needed before firm preference recommendations can be made."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","pmid":"42320551","title":"No impact of low-dose nivolumab addition to JNJ-73763989 on HBsAg declines in chronic hepatitis B: the OCTOPUS-1 study","journal_title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","journal_issn":"1542-3565","published_at":"2026-06-19T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:45.086Z","updated_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:45.086Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"category","value":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Hepatitis B","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"generic","value":"JNJ-73763989","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nucleos(t)ide Analog","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"modality","value":"PD-1 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"modality","value":"RNA Interference (siRNA)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=37","value_numeric":37},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"warning","value":"HBsAg seroclearance at follow-up week 48 occurred in 1 participant (Arm 2); this post-primary-endpoint result should not be overinterpreted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"warning","value":"JNJ-73763989 is also referred to as JNJ-3989 in the paper; these are the same investigational siRNA agent.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"warning","value":"The brand name 'Opdivo' is inferred for nivolumab but is not explicitly stated in the abstract; the paper only references the generic name.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.018","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is phase 2 with only 37 participants — findings should be interpreted with caution given very limited statistical power.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Open-label, randomized phase 2 trial (OCTOPUS-1) evaluating whether adding low-dose nivolumab (0.3 mg/kg; 1 or 3 doses) to JNJ-73763989 (siRNA) plus nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) improved HBsAg seroclearance in HBeAg-negative, virologically suppressed chronic hepatitis B (CHB) adults over a 24-week treatment period with 48-week follow-up.","key_result":"No participant achieved the primary endpoint of HBsAg seroclearance at follow-up week 24; only 1/37 (Arm 2) achieved seroclearance at follow-up week 48. Both arms showed robust HBsAg declines at week 24 (Arm 1: −2.01 log10 IU/mL; Arm 2: −2.10 log10 IU/mL), but a cross-study comparison with REEF-1 showed no added benefit from the loading dose or nivolumab.","limitations":"- Very small sample (n=37), limiting power to detect differences between arms.\n- Open-label design without a placebo-controlled arm within the same trial.\n- No clear mechanistic link found between HBV-specific T-cell activity and HBsAg response, leaving the basis for PD-1 augmentation uncertain.","practice_takeaway":"Adding low-dose nivolumab to JNJ-3989 + NA did not meaningfully improve HBsAg seroclearance rates in virologically suppressed, HBeAg-negative CHB patients, though the combination appeared safe. Clinicians should not expect checkpoint inhibitor augmentation at this dose to close the gap to functional cure in this population."}},{"doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","pmid":"41784328","title":"Neoadjuvant BO-112 and Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy with or without Nivolumab in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Preclinical and Phase I Results","journal_title":"Cancer Discovery","journal_issn":"2159-8274","published_at":"2026-06-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13048714/","source_score":54,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-18T13:24:28.001Z","updated_at":"2026-06-18T13:24:28.001Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"condition","value":"Soft Tissue Sarcoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"generic","value":"BO-112","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"modality","value":"Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Blockade","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"modality","value":"Intratumoral Immunotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=14","value_numeric":14},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Phase I Clinical Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"warning","value":"BO-112 is an investigational agent not yet approved for routine clinical use; brand name is not widely established — 'Opdivo' tag applies only to nivolumab.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence set to 3 (phase 1 trial with mechanistic data) rather than 1, given the non-randomized, single-arm design.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size of 14 is very small; efficacy signals are preliminary and should not be used for practice change without confirmatory trials.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-1132","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper was published June 10, 2026 and is very recent — clinical guidance may evolve rapidly.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"limitations":"Very small sample (n=14) limits efficacy conclusions; single-arm phase 1 design with no comparator arm; the serious immune-related adverse event spectrum signals a meaningful safety concern requiring close monitoring.","what_studied":"A phase 1 neoadjuvant trial evaluated intratumoral BO-112 (nanoplexed poly I:C) plus hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT), with or without nivolumab, in 14 patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), supported by preclinical mechanistic work.","key_result":"The triple combination (BO-112 + RT + nivolumab) induced rare but serious immune-related adverse events including a myositis-myocarditis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome, managed by dose adjustment. Mechanistically, BO-112 + RT reprogrammed tumor-associated myeloid cells toward antigen-presenting states and promoted clonal replacement by less exhausted T cells, with enhanced malignant cell depletion vs. standard RT. Disease control was described as encouraging in this small cohort.","practice_takeaway":"Intratumoral BO-112 combined with hypofractionated RT ± nivolumab can remodel the myeloid-rich STS tumor microenvironment but carries a risk of severe immune toxicity (myositis-myocarditis-myasthenia gravis spectrum) — dose adjustment is essential if this regimen is used outside of a trial setting. Await larger studies before adopting this approach routinely."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","pmid":"42213142","title":"Treatment and outcomes of immunotherapy related colitis and hepatitis- a multi-centre cohort study in the United Kingdom by the National Oncology Trainee Collaborative for Healthcare Research (NOTCH)","journal_title":"Supportive Care in Cancer","journal_issn":"0941-4355","published_at":"2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-07T13:26:31.261Z","updated_at":"2026-06-07T13:26:31.261Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"brand","value":"Keytruda","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"brand","value":"Remicade","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"brand","value":"Tecentriq","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"brand","value":"Yervoy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hepatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Malignant Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Renal Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"atezolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"infliximab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"methotrexate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"mycophenolate mofetil","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"pembrolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"tacrolimus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antimetabolite Immunosuppressant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-TNF Agent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Calcineurin Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Corticosteroid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2049","value_numeric":2049},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Combination ICI (ipilimumab/nivolumab) was used exclusively in the melanoma subgroup, which may confound cancer-type comparisons for GI-irAE risk and survival.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study period (2016–2018) predates wider adoption of newer ICI combinations (e.g., ICI+VEGF inhibitors, ICI+chemotherapy), so findings may not fully apply to current regimens.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00520-026-10794-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The survival benefit associated with IS use in hepatitis should be interpreted cautiously — patients requiring IS may reflect a subgroup with more robust immune activation and underlying treatment response rather than a direct IS effect.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective multi-centre cohort study across 12 UK NHS centres evaluated the incidence of, risk factors for, and survival impact of ICI-related colitis and hepatitis (grade ≥2) in 2,049 adults with metastatic melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC treated between June 2016 and June 2018.","key_result":"Colitis occurred in 9.3% (191/1,649) and hepatitis in 6.9% (142/1,649) of patients. Both were linked to improved OS vs. no irAEs (colitis HR 0.42, hepatitis HR 0.50; p<0.0001). Second-line immunosuppressants (IS) were needed in 22.3% of colitis and 15.8% of hepatitis cases. IS did not worsen OS in colitis (HR 0.65, p=0.245) and was associated with improved OS in hepatitis (HR 0.22, p=0.021).","limitations":"- Retrospective design introduces selection bias and variable data quality across sites.\n- Data are historical (2016–2018), so newer ICI agents and combination regimens are not represented.\n- Concurrent hepatotoxic medications (e.g., acetaminophen, statins) were not captured, potentially confounding hepatitis attribution.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can reassure patients that using steroids and second-line IS (infliximab for colitis, MMF for hepatitis) does not reduce survival and may improve it in hepatitis — supporting prompt escalation to IS in steroid-refractory cases. Pre-existing autoimmune disease and combination ICI therapy should prompt closer monitoring for colitis; younger patients and melanoma diagnosis warrant heightened liver function surveillance."}},{"doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","pmid":"42167833","title":"Malignancy and Kidney Transplant: Core Curriculum 2026","journal_title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","journal_issn":"0272-6386","published_at":"2026-05-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","source_score":24,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:31.911Z","updated_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:31.911Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"brand","value":"Opdivo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"category","value":"Urology & Nephrology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"AL Amyloidosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Kidney Transplantation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Melanoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Merkel Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Multiple Myeloma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Plasma Cell Dyscrasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"condition","value":"Renal Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"acitretin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"azathioprine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"belzutifan","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"cemiplimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"daratumumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"ipilimumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"lenalidomide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"mycophenolate mofetil","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"nivolumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"rituximab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"sirolimus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"generic","value":"tacrolimus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"6","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Calcineurin Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"CAR-T Cell Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"mTOR Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Oncolytic Virus Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Proteasome Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"modality","value":"Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Review Article / Core Curriculum","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"Emerging therapies (oncolytic virus, EBV-VST, CAR-T in transplant) are discussed based on early-phase or limited case data and should not be considered standard of care.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"ICI rejection risk figures (25–42%) are pooled from retrospective cohorts with heterogeneous IS reduction practices, limiting direct applicability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag omitted as no single study population is defined across this multi-topic review.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative Core Curriculum review, not a primary research study; evidence grades vary widely by topic and most recommendations are expert consensus or based on observational data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This Core Curriculum reviews cancer risk, screening, and management in kidney transplant candidates and recipients (KTRs), covering skin cancers, PTLD, plasma cell dyscrasias, and solid tumors, with emphasis on immunosuppression (IS) management and emerging therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and CAR-T cells.","key_result":"KTRs face 2–4× higher overall cancer risk vs. the general population; skin cancer SIRs reach 65–250 (cSCC) and 13–24 (Merkel cell); DLBCL is 8× more common; kidney cancer is 7× more common. ICI use carries ~25–42% acute rejection risk; patients on corticosteroids + mTOR inhibitors had lower rejection (HR 0.30). Median overall survival after transplant was 8.4 years for myeloma and 8.6 years for AL amyloidosis KTRs.","limitations":"Most recommendations are based on expert consensus, observational data, and case series rather than RCTs; ICI safety/efficacy data in KTRs come largely from retrospective analyses; screening benefit on long-term mortality in KTRs remains unproven.","practice_takeaway":"Convert azathioprine to mycophenolate or switch to an mTOR inhibitor for KTRs with recurrent non-melanoma skin cancers; minimize IS (remove antimetabolites first) when initiating ICI, and treat ICI-associated rejection with pulse steroids rather than antithymocyte globulin to preserve antitumor response. Cervical cancer screening should be more frequent (every 6–12 months) after transplant, and IMiDs should be stopped ≥4 weeks before kidney transplant in myeloma patients."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","pmid":"42112157","title":"Single-Center Perspective of Glomerular Pathology in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors","journal_title":"Kidney International Reports","journal_issn":"2468-0249","published_at":"2026-05-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","source_score":14,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-11","doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","days":"7","issn":"2468-0249","rank":"7","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"14","category":"Urology & Nephrology","categories":["Urology & Nephrology"],"_categories":["Urology & Nephrology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","title":"Single-Center Perspective of Glomerular Pathology in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors.","journal":"Kidney international reports","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"","keywords":["glomerular disease","immune checkpoint inhibitor","kidney biopsy","nephrotoxicity","thrombotic microangiopathy"],"pubmed_id":"42112157","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-11T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","ISSN":["2468-0249"],"link":[{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2468024926027610?httpAccept=text/xml","content-type":"text/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2468024926027610?httpAccept=text/plain","content-type":"text/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"page":"106529","type":"journal-article","issue":"6","score":1,"title":["Single-Center Perspective of Glomerular Pathology in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"author":[{"given":"Arjunmohan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Riaza-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Mignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sam T.","family":"Albadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Buglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariam P.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100007048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100007048","name":"Mayo Clinic","award":["UL1TR002377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002377"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"member":"78","prefix":"10.1016","source":"Crossref","volume":"11","created":{"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:08:43Z","timestamp":1775495323000,"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:14:42Z","timestamp":1778102082468,"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000,"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","start":{"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000,"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000,"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468024926027610"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by","value":"Elsevier"},{"name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title","value":"Single-Center Perspective of Glomerular Pathology in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors"},{"name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title","value":"Kidney International Reports"},{"name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version","value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529"},{"name":"content_type","label":"Content Type","value":"article"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","value":"© 2026 The Author(s). 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Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"modality","value":"VEGF Pathway Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=28","value_numeric":28},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"warning","value":"Complement activation was tested in TMA cases but methodology is not fully detailed; eculizumab benefit was observed in only one case with confirmed terminal complement activation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 13% glomerular pathology rate applies only to biopsied patients — true incidence among all ICI-treated patients cannot be calculated from this study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"warning","value":"The cohort is small (n=28); findings, especially rechallenge recurrence rate (3/7), should be interpreted cautiously given wide uncertainty around estimates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106529","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the study's emphasis that biopsy-guided distinction of TMA vs. immune GN directly alters management (immunosuppression vs. drug withdrawal), though evidence remains limited by study size.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This 11-year (2014–2025) single-center retrospective cohort evaluated biopsy-proven glomerular disease in 28 patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), characterizing lesion types, clinical course, management, and outcomes.","key_result":"TMA was the most common lesion (15/28, 54%), present exclusively in patients co-exposed to VEGF-pathway inhibitors or gemcitabine. Non-TMA lesions (13/28) were diverse; IgA nephropathy was most frequent (21% of all cases). Complete renal recovery occurred in 42% (11/26 evaluable); 15% progressed to dialysis dependence. ICI rechallenge led to recurrent AKI in 43% (3/7). Overall 1-year mortality was 61%, driven by cancer progression.","limitations":"- Small sample (n=28), retrospective, single-center design with selection bias toward severe/atypical presentations requiring biopsy.\n- No at-risk denominator — the 13% glomerular rate reflects the biopsy cohort, not all ICI-treated patients.\n- Variable follow-up with limited long-term outcome data.","practice_takeaway":"Kidney biopsy is essential in ICI patients with renal injury: TMA often reflects concurrent VEGF-pathway or gemcitabine exposure rather than immune dysregulation and should prompt drug withdrawal rather than immunosuppression. ICI rechallenge carries a ~43% risk of recurrent AKI and warrants multidisciplinary assessment with close monitoring."}},{"doi":"10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","pmid":"42082271","title":"Phase II trial of combination radiation, hormone, and immunotherapy in grade group 5 prostate cancer","journal_title":"Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer","journal_issn":"2051-1426","published_at":"2026-05-05T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","source_score":30,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-05","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","days":"14","issn":"2051-1426","rank":"9","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"30","category":"Immunology","categories":["Immunology"],"_categories":["Immunology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","title":"Phase II trial of combination radiation, hormone, and immunotherapy in grade group 5 prostate cancer.","journal":"Journal for immunotherapy of cancer","methods":"","results":"Among the 31 patients, the median follow-up was 38.8 months (IQR 31.0-46.5 months). The addition of nivolumab to SOC RT with ADT was associated with a 2-year FFBR rate of 90.3% (95% CI 74.3% to 98.0%) (median FFBR not reached), exceeding the prespecified historical control rate of 75% (one-sided p value from binomial test=0.024). Definitive and probable nivolumab-related toxicity included 6.3% acute grade 2 and 6.3% acute grade 3 adverse events (AEs), with no grade 4+ AEs observed. A higher Decipher immunosuppression score at diagnosis correlated with early pathologic response (p=0.005) and was independently associated with time to metastatic failure (p=0.044).","abstract":"$30","keywords":["Biomarker","Genitourinary Cancer","Immunotherapy","Prostate Cancer","Radiotherapy/radioimmunotherapy"],"pubmed_id":"42082271","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","ISSN":["2051-1426"],"link":[{"URL":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1136/jitc-2025-013906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"e013906","type":"journal-article","issue":"5","score":1,"title":["Phase II trial of combination radiation, hormone, and immunotherapy in grade group 5 prostate cancer"],"author":[{"given":"John Michael","family":"Bryant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, H Lee 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Y","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Nghi","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Pow-Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Poch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Brandon J","family":"Manley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres-Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"G Daniel","family":"Grass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Sungjune","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Alix College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, 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The primary endpoint was whether 2-year freedom from biochemical recurrence (FFBR) exceeded a historical 75% rate.","key_result":"At a median follow-up of 38.8 months, 2-year FFBR was 90.3% (95% CI 74.3%–98.0%), exceeding the prespecified 75% historical control (one-sided p=0.024). Nivolumab-related acute adverse events were 6.3% grade 2 and 6.3% grade 3, with no grade 4+; a higher Decipher immunosuppression score correlated with early pathologic response (p=0.005) and independently with time to metastatic failure (p=0.044).","limitations":"Single-arm, non-randomized design using a historical control and a small sample size (n=31) limit causal inference.","practice_takeaway":"In high-volume grade group 5 prostate cancer treated with ADT plus HDR brachytherapy and external beam radiation, adding nivolumab achieved high 2-year FFBR with low rates of grade 3+ immune-related toxicity in this small trial. 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