2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T6d2,Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur commonly following kidney transplant and are associated with significant morbidity. Some providers perform intra-operative antibiotic bladder irrigation at the time of ureteroneocystostomy, although practice varies widely among surgeons. As a result, this study was performed to assess outcomes following a single intravesical gentamicin injection for the prevention of UTIs. This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent a first isolated kidney transplant between January 2018 and January 2023. Outcomes were compared between patients who received bladder irrigation with a single dose of gentamicin and controls who did not receive antibiotic irrigation. The primary end point was the incidence of culture-confirmed UTI within 3-months of transplant. Key secondary endpoints included delayed allograft function and serum creatinine at 3-months. A total of 764 patients were included in the study analysis (gentamicin = 406 vs. control = 358). At 3 months, the incidence of UTIs was 18.2% in the gentamicin group compared to 13.1% in the control group (p = 0.05). A higher incidence of BK viremia >10,000 copies/mL was also observed in the gentamicin group compared with control patients (5.9% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.02). After multivariable regression analysis older age, female sex, early rejection, longer dialysis vintage, and urinary catheter duration were all found to be positively correlated with the incidence of UTIs. Among kidney transplant recipients, bladder irrigation with gentamicin was not found to reduce the incidence of UTIs at 3 months. Additional studies should explore a possible association between antibiotic bladder irrigation and subsequent BK viremia.31:Ta18,ABSTRACT Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur commonly following kidney transplant and are associated with significant morbidity. Some providers perform intra‐operative antibiotic bladder irrigation at the time of ureteroneocystostomy, although practice varies widely among surgeons. As a result, this study was performed to assess outcomes following a single intravesical gentamicin injection for the prevention of UTIs. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent a first isolated kidney transplant between January 2018 and January 2023. Outcomes were compared between patients who received bladder irrigation with a single dose of gentamicin and controls who did not receive antibiotic irrigation. The primary end point was the incidence of culture‐confirmed UTI within 3‐months of transplant. Key secondary endpoints included delayed allograft function and serum creatinine at 3‐months. Results A total of 764 patients were included in the study analysis (gentamicin = 406 vs. control = 358). At 3 months, the incidence of UTIs was 18.2% in the gentamicin group compared to 13.1% in the control group ( p = 0.05). A higher incidence of BK viremia >10,000 copies/mL was also observed in the gentamicin group compared with control patients (5.9% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.02). After multivariable regression analysis older age, female sex, early rejection, longer dialysis vintage, and urinary catheter duration were all found to be positively correlated with the incidence of UTIs. Conclusion Among kidney transplant recipients, bladder irrigation with gentamicin was not found to reduce the incidence of UTIs at 3 months. Additional studies should explore a possible association between antibiotic bladder irrigation and subsequent BK viremia. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Aminoglycoside: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Aminoglycoside (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Etymology and History of Antibacterials and Antifungals","journal_title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"2328-8957","published_at":"2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag440","source_score":16,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:24.814Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:24.814Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bacterial Infections","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"condition","value":"Fungal Infections","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"condition","value":"Infectious Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antibacterial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antifungal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Azole Antifungal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Beta-Lactam","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Echinocandin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Fluoroquinolone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Glycopeptide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Macrolide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Oxazolidinone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Polyene Antifungal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Polymyxin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"modality","value":"Tetracycline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size is applicable; this is a descriptive/historical review without a study population.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"warning","value":"Scope is limited to antibacterials and antifungals; antivirals, antimycobacterials, and antiparasitics are not covered.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"warning","value":"Several drug name etymologies are explicitly speculative or unverified in the public domain (e.g., meropenem, ertapenem, daptomycin, durlobactam, relebactam prefixes). Clinicians should not rely on these as authoritative.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex and age group tags are not applicable to this review type and have been omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag440","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review with no systematic search methodology described; it is educational and historical rather than evidence-synthesizing. Level of evidence assigned as 7 (expert opinion/narrative review).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review traces the historical discovery, etymological origins, and naming conventions of currently available antibacterial and antifungal agents — from penicillin to echinocandins — covering natural products, semisynthetic derivatives, and fully synthetic compounds. Antivirals and antimycobacterials are excluded.","key_result":"Drug names historically encoded chemical structure, producing organism, or geography (e.g., 'penicillin' from *Penicillium*'s paintbrush-shaped conidiophores; 'terramycin' from Latin *terra* for earth and Terre Haute, Indiana). Modern naming, governed by USAN and WHO INN, prioritizes 2-syllable prefixes chosen for pronounceability and global linguistic compatibility, with class-specific suffixes maintained (e.g., '-cillin,' '-penem,' '-mycin,' '-azole,' '-fungin').","limitations":"- No primary data; conclusions rest on published histories and manufacturer disclosures, with several etymologies unverifiable or speculative (e.g., meropenem's 'mero-,' daptomycin's 'dap-').\n- Pharmaceutical companies were notified and invited to clarify naming but had no editorial role, leaving gaps where public documentation is absent.\n- Antivirals and antimycobacterials are outside scope, limiting comprehensiveness.","practice_takeaway":"Understanding drug name stems (e.g., '-cillin' = penicillin class, '-mycin' vs '-micin' = *Streptomyces* vs *Micromonospora* origin, '-azole' = imidazole/triazole antifungal) helps clinicians quickly identify drug class, mechanism, and potential cross-reactivity. Naming conventions also explain why newer agents (e.g., ceftaroline, tedizolid) have less structurally informative prefixes — they are chosen for global pronounceability rather than chemistry."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","pmid":"42531940","title":"Biofilm-associated reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients: MIC–MBEC discordance","journal_title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","journal_issn":"0732-8893","published_at":"2026-07-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-05T13:22:47.548Z","updated_at":"2026-08-05T13:22:47.548Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cystic Fibrosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"amikacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"azithromycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"ciprofloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"colistin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"levofloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"generic","value":"tobramycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"modality","value":"Beta-Lactam","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"modality","value":"Fluoroquinolone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"modality","value":"Macrolide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"modality","value":"Polymyxin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"study_design","value":"In Vitro Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117577","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was behind a paywall/CAPTCHA; all data extracted solely from the abstract. Sample size and specific numeric MIC/MBEC values are not available. Age and sex distribution of included patients are not reported in the abstract. Study design is in vitro; clinical outcome data are absent.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study compared planktonic MIC values to minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) for multiple antimicrobials tested against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, using a peg-based biofilm model.","key_result":"All tested antimicrobials showed significantly reduced susceptibility under biofilm vs. planktonic conditions (p < 0.0001); no isolate had an MBEC lower than its MIC. Ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, and azithromycin retained relatively better biofilm-state activity, while beta-lactams, levofloxacin, and colistin showed the greatest loss of efficacy.","limitations":"Full text was inaccessible; sample size, specific MIC/MBEC values, and isolate count are not reported here. The peg-based biofilm model may not fully replicate in vivo CF lung biofilm conditions. Findings are specific to CF-derived isolates and may not generalize to other patient populations.","practice_takeaway":"Standard MIC-based susceptibility testing may substantially underestimate the antibiotic concentrations needed to eradicate *P. aeruginosa* biofilms in CF patients. Consider biofilm-based susceptibility testing (MBEC) as a complementary tool when managing chronic CF lung infections, particularly when beta-lactams, levofloxacin, or colistin are being considered."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","pmid":"42149364","title":"Combination antibiotic therapy in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: evidence, controversies, and future directions","journal_title":"Infection","journal_issn":"0300-8126","published_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","source_score":23,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-20T13:23:22.930Z","updated_at":"2026-05-20T13:23:22.930Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"condition","value":"Infective Endocarditis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"condition","value":"Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"cefazolin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"ceftaroline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"daptomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"ertapenem","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"fosfomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"gentamicin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"rifampin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"generic","value":"vancomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Beta-Lactam Antibiotic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combination Antibiotic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Glycopeptide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Lipopeptide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"modality","value":"Rifamycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group tagged as 'adult' based on the endocarditis focus and referenced trials; pediatric data were not explicitly addressed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size tag applied — this is a review article with no single study population.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s15010-026-02815-w","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review without formal meta-analytic pooling; the authors' conclusions reflect expert synthesis rather than quantitative aggregation of effect sizes.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review synthesized experimental and clinical evidence for combination antibiotic regimens in *S. aureus* infective endocarditis (IE), covering both MSSA and MRSA, native and prosthetic valve disease, searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through September 2025.","key_result":"No combination regimen showed consistent survival benefit. Adjunctive rifampin and aminoglycosides increased toxicity without clear clinical gain. Beta-lactam combinations with vancomycin or daptomycin shortened bacteremia duration but did not improve mortality. Daptomycin plus ceftaroline showed promise for persistent MRSA bacteremia, but evidence remains observational only.","limitations":"- Narrative review design with no pooled meta-analysis; conclusions depend on the quality of included studies, most of which are observational.\n- Evidence base is dominated by retrospective cohorts; few high-quality RCTs exist specifically for IE endpoints.\n- Findings may not generalize across healthcare settings with different MRSA prevalence or antibiotic access.","practice_takeaway":"Routine combination therapy for *S. aureus* IE is not supported by current evidence; a selective, case-by-case approach is preferred. Reserve daptomycin plus ceftaroline for persistent MRSA bacteremia, and avoid reflexive addition of rifampin or aminoglycosides given toxicity risk without proven benefit."}},{"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","pmid":null,"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Resistance Trends and Associated Molecular Epidemiology Traits in\n Escherichia coli\n Isolates Producing Neonatal Bacteremia","journal_title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"2328-8957","published_at":"2026-05-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag246","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":false,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:44.474Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:44.474Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"age_group","value":"neonate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bacterial Meningitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"condition","value":"Neonatal Bacteremia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"condition","value":"Neonatal Sepsis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"generic","value":"ampicillin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"generic","value":"cefazolin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"generic","value":"ceftriaxone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"generic","value":"gentamicin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"generic","value":"tobramycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"modality","value":"Beta-Lactam Antibiotic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=54","value_numeric":54},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution across the 54 neonates is not explicitly reported in the abstract; 'mixed' sex tag is assumed.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design (retrospective vs. prospective) is not explicitly stated in the abstract; classified as retrospective cohort based on context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofag246","tag_type":"warning","value":"The time span over which isolates were collected is not specified in the abstract, limiting interpretation of resistance trend data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Clinical features, antibiotic resistance trends, and molecular epidemiology (whole genome sequencing) of *E. coli* isolates from 54 neonates with bacteremia, including both preterm and term infants.","key_result":"Mortality was 19% in preterm vs. 5% in term neonates. Meningitis occurred in 28%. Ampicillin non-susceptibility was 54%; ceftriaxone 7%; gentamicin and tobramycin each 11%. Cefazolin non-susceptibility increased over time. ST95 (17%) was the dominant sequence type; K1 (43%) and K5 (20%) capsule genes were most common.","limitations":"Single-center study with only 54 neonates limits generalizability. Cerebrospinal fluid was not collected in 20% of cases, potentially underestimating meningitis rates. No comparative control group or multivariate analysis of mortality predictors reported.","practice_takeaway":"Standard empiric regimens (ampicillin + aminoglycoside) face rising resistance in neonatal *E. coli* sepsis—local antibiogram data should guide therapy, especially in preterm infants. Continued genomic surveillance is warranted given the predominance of virulence-associated capsule types K1 and K5."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","pmid":"41957215","title":"Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics and Prostate Penetration in Bacterial Prostatitis: A Systematic Review","journal_title":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","journal_issn":"2193-8229","published_at":"2026-04-10T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","source_score":55,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:36.339Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:36.339Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Acute Bacterial Prostatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bacterial Prostatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"azithromycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"cefazolin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"ciprofloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"clarithromycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"ertapenem","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"fosfomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"levofloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"meropenem","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"minocycline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"moxifloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"ofloxacin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"piperacillin-tazobactam","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"sulfamethoxazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"tobramycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"generic","value":"trimethoprim","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Beta-Lactam","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Carbapenem","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Fluoroquinolone","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Fosfomycin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Macrolide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Tetracycline","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=44 studies","value_numeric":44},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (systematic review of non-RCT human pharmacokinetic studies); no randomized controlled trials or clinical outcome data were included.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Most tissue sampling was perioperative (TURP/prostatectomy patients), which may not reflect drug distribution in medically managed prostatitis or in acutely inflamed prostates.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"PT/S ratios varied substantially by sampling time post-dose across studies, limiting direct cross-study comparisons.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01341-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (n=44) refers to the number of included studies, not individual patients; total patient numbers vary widely across studies and were not pooled.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Systematic review of 44 human studies (searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE through December 2024) evaluating intraprostatic pharmacokinetics of antibiotics across drug classes, using prostate tissue-to-serum (PT/S) ratios and PK parameters (Cmax, AUC) to assess prostate penetration in bacterial prostatitis.","key_result":"Fluoroquinolones consistently achieved PT/S ≥ 1 (often > 2 for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin), supporting first-line use. Trimethoprim (TMP) showed PT/S consistently > 2 across dosing regimens; sulfamethoxazole (SMX) PT/S remained < 0.5. Macrolides (azithromycin tissue conc. 2.54 µg/g vs. plasma ≤ 0.1 µg/mL at 14 h) and minocycline (~PT/S 1.0) showed measurable penetration. Most β-lactams had PT/S < 0.4 in non-inflamed tissue; ertapenem was an exception (PT/S ~6.5–7.6). Fosfomycin achieved a mean PT/S of 0.67 ± 0.57 with undetectable tissue levels in some patients.","limitations":"- Most included studies used single time-point tissue biopsy (perioperative sampling), limiting comparison of PT/S across studies due to temporal variability.\n- Majority of patients were undergoing TURP or prostatectomy, so findings may not generalize to non-surgical prostatitis populations or acutely inflamed prostates.\n- No correlation data between intraprostatic drug concentrations and clinical outcomes (cure rates, microbiological eradication) were available.","practice_takeaway":"Choose fluoroquinolones (especially ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin) or trimethoprim-based regimens as first-line for bacterial prostatitis—they reliably reach tissue concentrations above pathogen MICs. Reserve β-lactams for acute/severe infections or perioperative prophylaxis (select cephalosporins, ertapenem), where inflammation may transiently improve prostate penetration."}},{"doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","pmid":"41532211","title":"Efficacy of a Single Dose of Intravesical Aminoglycoside for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients","journal_title":"Clinical Transplantation","journal_issn":"0902-0063","published_at":"2026-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.70449","source_score":18,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-19","doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","days":"7","issn":"0902-0063","rank":"9","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"18","category":"Surgery","categories":["Surgery"],"_categories":["Surgery"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","title":"Efficacy of a Single Dose of Intravesical Aminoglycoside for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients.","journal":"Clinical transplantation","methods":"","results":"A total of 764 patients were included in the study analysis (gentamicin = 406 vs. control = 358). At 3 months, the incidence of UTIs was 18.2% in the gentamicin group compared to 13.1% in the control group (p = 0.05). A higher incidence of BK viremia >10,000 copies/mL was also observed in the gentamicin group compared with control patients (5.9% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.02). After multivariable regression analysis older age, female sex, early rejection, longer dialysis vintage, and urinary catheter duration were all found to be positively correlated with the incidence of UTIs.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["anti‐bacterial agents","kidney transplantation","risk factors","urinary tract infections"],"pubmed_id":"41532211","conclusions":"Among kidney transplant recipients, bladder irrigation with gentamicin was not found to reduce the incidence of UTIs at 3 months. Additional studies should explore a possible association between antibiotic bladder irrigation and subsequent BK viremia.","publication_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/ctr.70449","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.70449","ISSN":["0902-0063","1399-0012"],"link":[{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ctr.70449","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ctr.70449","content-type":"application/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ctr.70449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"1","score":1,"title":["Efficacy of a Single Dose of Intravesical Aminoglycoside for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients"],"author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Santeusanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"},{"name":"Recanati‐Miller Transplantation Institute Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"}]},{"given":"Gopi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Prevention Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Wadhera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recanati‐Miller Transplantation Institute Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recanati‐Miller Transplantation Institute Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USA"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":"40","archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:31:01Z","timestamp":1768383061000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1768403133792,"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"delay-in-days":13,"content-version":"vor"},{"URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1","start":{"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ctr.70449"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-10-28"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2025-12-31"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2026-01-14"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:31:03Z","timestamp":1768383063000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0902-0063"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-0012"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1186/s12882‐023‐03338‐4","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ctr.13507","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.2146/ajhp120568","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","year":"2009","issue":"3","author":null,"volume":"9","first-page":"S1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Transplant Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients","journal-title":"American Journal of 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Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"generic","value":"gentamicin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=764","value_numeric":764},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"warning","value":"Gentamicin dose and irrigation protocol details are not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"warning","value":"It is unclear whether this was a single‑center or multicenter cohort.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/ctr.70449","tag_type":"warning","value":"Secondary endpoints (delayed allograft function, 3‑month creatinine) are mentioned but not quantified in the abstract.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Retrospective cohort of adults undergoing first isolated kidney transplant (2018–2023) comparing single intra‑operative intravesical gentamicin irrigation (n=406) versus no irrigation (n=358) for 3‑month culture‑confirmed UTI; secondary outcomes were delayed allograft function and 3‑month creatinine.","key_result":"At 3 months, UTI incidence was higher with gentamicin versus control (18.2% vs 13.1%; p=0.05). BK viremia >10,000 copies/mL was also higher with gentamicin (5.9% vs 2.5%; p=0.02); older age, female sex, early rejection, longer dialysis vintage, and urinary catheter duration correlated with UTIs on multivariable analysis.","limitations":"Retrospective, non‑randomized design limits causal inference. Outcomes reported only to 3 months.","practice_takeaway":"Single‑dose intravesical gentamicin at transplant did not reduce early UTIs and was associated with more BK viremia; these data do not support routine use for UTI prevention. If used, monitor closely for BK viremia in the early post‑transplant period."}}],"initialOffset":6,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Aminoglycoside"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Aminoglycoside"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Aminoglycoside"}}}]]

Papers