2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T5e5,Infection remains a leading cause of morbidity in multiple myeloma. Preventing infections is paramount and immune profiling could reflect the cumulative effect of host-, tumor-, and treatment-related immunosuppression. However, current understanding of immune dysfunction and its association with infection is limited. To address this gap in knowledge and identify immune biomarkers of increased infection risk, we performed immune profiling using next-generation flow cytometry in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 1786 patients at various disease stages and treatment scenarios. Patients developing infection had significantly lower percentages of CD27+ B cells and CD27- natural killer cells, as well as an increased CD27-/CD27+ T-cell ratio in the bone marrow. These immune risk factors were validated in 3 independent data sets. An immune score was developed to stratify patients with ≤1 vs ≥2 of the aforementioned risk factors, which was associated with higher infection incidence (35% vs 60%, P< .001). The immune score (odds ratio, 2.31; P< .001), disease stage, and CD38-, B-cell maturation antigen-, or G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D-targeted therapy were independently associated with infection incidence. All cell types detectable in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were significantly correlated, suggesting that immune biomarkers of increased infection risk could be monitored using minimally invasive methods that are available in routine laboratories.31:T67b, Abstract Infection remains a leading cause of morbidity in multiple myeloma. Preventing infections is paramount and immune profiling could reflect the cumulative effect of host-, tumor-, and treatment-related immunosuppression. However, current understanding of immune dysfunction and its association with infection is limited. To address this gap in knowledge and identify immune biomarkers of increased infection risk, we performed immune profiling using next-generation flow cytometry in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 1786 patients at various disease stages and treatment scenarios. Patients developing infection had significantly lower percentages of CD27+ B cells and CD27− natural killer cells, as well as an increased CD27−/CD27+ T-cell ratio in the bone marrow. These immune risk factors were validated in 3 independent data sets. An immune score was developed to stratify patients with ≤1 vs ≥2 of the aforementioned risk factors, which was associated with higher infection incidence (35% vs 60%, P< .001). The immune score (odds ratio, 2.31; P< .001), disease stage, and CD38-, B-cell maturation antigen-, or G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D-targeted therapy were independently associated with infection incidence. All cell types detectable in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were significantly correlated, suggesting that immune biomarkers of increased infection risk could be monitored using minimally invasive methods that are available in routine laboratories. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"BCMA-Targeted Therapy: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on BCMA-Targeted Therapy (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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CRS occurred in 76% (none grade ≥3), grade 3 ICANS in 1 patient, and IEC-HS in 18% (one fatal).","limitations":"Very small sample (n=17 infused); single-arm, retrospective multi-centre design with no comparator group; two patients did not reach infusion due to pre-apheresis death and manufacturing failure.","practice_takeaway":"ARI0002h can induce deep responses—including CNS remissions—in this extremely high-risk population, suggesting PCL and CNS-MM patients should not be routinely excluded from CAR-T clinical trials."}},{"doi":"10.1002/art.70211","pmid":"42098533","title":"B cell Maturation Antigen Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis","journal_title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","journal_issn":"2326-5191","published_at":"2026-05-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70211","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-14T13:34:47.169Z","updated_at":"2026-06-14T13:34:47.169Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Sclerosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"generic","value":"HBI0101","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"modality","value":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"modality","value":"CAR-T Cell Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=6","value_numeric":6},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Phase 1 Clinical Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"warning","value":"HBI0101 does not have an established proprietary brand name in available sources; it is listed here by its investigational name.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size is only 6 patients — results are hypothesis-generating only and should not be generalized.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70211","tag_type":"warning","value":"The trial is described as 'ongoing'; reported data reflect an interim snapshot and outcomes may change with longer follow-up.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Phase 1 trial evaluating safety and preliminary efficacy of HBI0101, a BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, in 6 patients with severe refractory SLE (n=3) or systemic sclerosis (n=3); median follow-up 6 months (range 6–9).","key_result":"In SLE, SLEDAI-2K dropped to 0 in 2 patients and to 4 in 1. All 3 systemic sclerosis patients had reduced modified Rodnan skin scores and EUSTAR activity indices. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 5/6 patients (grade 2 in 3, grade 1 in 2); grade 3–4 neutropenia in 2/6; hypogammaglobulinemia requiring IVIG in 3/6; no neurotoxicity (ICANS) observed.","limitations":"Very small sample (n=6); no control arm; short median follow-up of 6 months limits durability assessment.","practice_takeaway":"BCMA-targeted CAR-T (HBI0101) shows early signals of disease control in refractory SLE and systemic sclerosis, but evidence is very preliminary — clinicians should await larger, controlled trials before considering this approach outside of a trial setting."}},{"doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","pmid":"42138287","title":"Plasmablastic Lymphoma: 2026 Update on Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Management","journal_title":"American Journal of Hematology","journal_issn":"0361-8609","published_at":"2026-05-15T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.70373","source_score":15,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-20T13:23:21.725Z","updated_at":"2026-05-20T13:23:21.725Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"brand","value":"Darzalex","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"brand","value":"Velcade","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"condition","value":"HIV-Associated Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"condition","value":"Plasmablastic Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"generic","value":"bortezomib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"generic","value":"daratumumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"modality","value":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combination Chemotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"modality","value":"Proteasome Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand name tags (Velcade, Darzalex) are inferred from the generics mentioned; the abstract does not explicitly list brand names.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"warning","value":"EPOCH regimen referenced without specifying dose-adjusted (DA-EPOCH) vs. standard infusional EPOCH; clinicians should verify the specific protocol in the full text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/ajh.70373","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a 2026 narrative update/review article, not a primary clinical study — no new patient-level data or trial results are presented. Evidence quality for specific treatment recommendations could not be independently graded from the abstract alone.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A 2026 narrative update on plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) covering diagnosis, risk stratification, and management strategies — including chemotherapy regimens, novel agents, and targeted therapies — across HIV-positive, immunosuppressed, and immunocompetent populations.","key_result":"Infusional EPOCH is the recommended backbone chemotherapy; adding bortezomib or daratumumab may improve outcomes. BCMA-targeted therapies show early efficacy. Poor prognostic factors include age ≥ 60, advanced stage, and high IPI scores.","limitations":"As a narrative update (not a primary study), no new trial data or patient-level outcomes are reported. Evidence base for novel agents (bortezomib, daratumumab, BCMA-targeted therapy) remains limited to early/preliminary data. No head-to-head comparisons between regimens are provided.","practice_takeaway":"For PBL, use infusional EPOCH as the chemotherapy backbone and consider adding bortezomib or daratumumab to improve outcomes. Enroll eligible patients in prospective clinical trials, as the evidence base for this rare lymphoma remains thin."}},{"doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","pmid":"41995759","title":"Improving control arms in 2026 US myeloma trials","journal_title":"Blood Advances","journal_issn":"2473-9529","published_at":"2026-04-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","source_score":13,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-05T13:38:50.636Z","updated_at":"2026-07-05T13:38:50.636Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"brand","value":"Carvykti","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"brand","value":"Tecvayli","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"condition","value":"Multiple Myeloma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"condition","value":"Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"belantamab mafodotin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"bortezomib","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"ciltacabtagene autoleucel","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"daratumumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"isatuximab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"lenalidomide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"generic","value":"teclistamab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antibody-Drug Conjugate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"modality","value":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"modality","value":"Bispecific Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"modality","value":"CAR T-Cell Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=14","value_numeric":14},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Registry Audit","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"warning","value":"Brand names for cilta-cel (Carvykti) and teclistamab (Tecvayli) were inferred from widely known nonproprietary names; they are not explicitly stated in the paper.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"warning","value":"The designation of DRd as an inferior control arm relies on indirect evidence (no direct DRd vs. Isa-VRd RCT exists); authors acknowledge this limitation explicitly.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag was applied because this audit directly challenges the ethical and regulatory framework of ongoing US myeloma trials, not because it reports a therapeutic outcome.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020329","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study design is a registry audit/letter to the editor — not a clinical trial — so the level of evidence reflects methodology, not a therapeutic intervention study. The 'n=14' sample size refers to the number of trials audited (5 NDMM + 9 RRMM), not patients enrolled.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study audited all actively enrolling or active-but-not-yet-recruiting phase 3 randomized myeloma trials in the US (as of early 2026) to determine whether their control arms reflected current standards of care — specifically CD38-containing quadruplet therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma (NDMM) and BCMA-targeting agents for first-relapse/refractory myeloma (RRMM).","key_result":"Of 5 NDMM trials identified, only 1 (NCT07285239, projected to open May 2026) used a CD38-based quadruplet (D-VRd) as the control arm; the remaining 4 used DRd, which is inferior by current guidelines. Of 9 RRMM trials, **none** included a BCMA-containing agent in the control arm, despite multiple phase 3 trials now showing an OS benefit with BCMA therapies at first relapse.","limitations":"- Search was restricted to ClinicalTrials.gov only, potentially missing non-registered or non-US trials.\n- Some trials have enrolled since 2021 and redesign may not be feasible.\n- Designation of DRd as inferior is based on indirect inference (Isa-VRd vs Isa-Rd superiority), not a direct head-to-head DRd vs Isa-VRd trial.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians enrolling patients in US myeloma trials should be aware that most current control arms are below the NCCN-recommended standard of care, which may affect the risk-benefit calculation for trial participation. Sponsors and regulators should build in prospective agreements to update control arms as standards evolve."}},{"doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","pmid":"41610428","title":"Immune biomarkers of increased infection risk in multiple myeloma","journal_title":"Blood","journal_issn":"0006-4971","published_at":"2026-01-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13155953/","source_score":138,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-06","doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","days":"14","issn":"0006-4971","rank":"1","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"138","category":"Hematology","categories":["Hematology"],"_categories":["Hematology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","title":"Immune biomarkers of increased infection risk in multiple myeloma.","journal":"Blood","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41610428","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2025031744","ISSN":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"link":[{"URL":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/147/18/2081/2514862/blood_bld-2025-031744-main.pdf","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/147/18/2081/2514862/blood_bld-2025-031744-main.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"2081-2088","type":"journal-article","issue":"18","score":1,"title":["Immune biomarkers of increased infection risk in multiple myeloma"],"author":[{"given":"Aintzane","family":"Zabaleta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Luis-Esteban","family":"Tamariz-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ioannis V.","family":"Kostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Romanos","family":"Sklavenitis-Pistofidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA"}]},{"given":"Febe","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"7Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"8Department of Hematology, HagaZiekenhuis, The Hague, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Rodriguez-Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Roncal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Michelle P.","family":"Aranha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zihala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Machu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"11Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tsakirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Bakouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Ourania","family":"Tsitsilonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Solia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica 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referenced as a therapeutic target (GPRC5D-targeted therapy); specific agents (e.g., talquetamab) are not named in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","tag_type":"warning","value":"'Practice_changing' impact flag applied cautiously — the immune score requires prospective clinical validation before routine implementation is recommended.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is described as observational/cohort; it is labeled 'prospective' but the abstract does not explicitly confirm prospective enrollment for all cohorts — clinicians should verify design details in the full text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1182/blood.2025031744","tag_type":"warning","value":"The abstract does not specify patient age range, sex distribution, or ethnic composition, limiting assessment of generalizability.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Immune profiling via next-generation flow cytometry was performed on bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 1,786 multiple myeloma patients across various disease stages and treatment scenarios to identify immune biomarkers associated with increased infection risk.","key_result":"Patients who developed infections had lower bone marrow CD27+ B cells, lower CD27− NK cells, and a higher CD27−/CD27+ T-cell ratio. An immune score combining ≤1 vs ≥2 of these risk factors stratified infection incidence at 35% vs 60% (P<.001); the score was independently associated with infection (OR 2.31, P<.001), alongside disease stage and CD38-, BCMA-, or GPRC5D-targeted therapy.","limitations":"Observational design limits causal inference. Bone marrow sampling is invasive, though peripheral blood correlates were noted. The immune score was validated in 3 independent datasets but generalizability across all treatment regimens and ethnic populations is unclear.","practice_takeaway":"Consider using a simple 3-marker immune score (CD27+ B cells, CD27− NK cells, CD27−/CD27+ T-cell ratio) to flag myeloma patients at high infection risk before or during therapy. Peripheral blood appears sufficient for monitoring, making this feasible in routine labs."}}],"initialOffset":5,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"BCMA-Targeted Therapy"}}}]]

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