3b:I[281230,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0l5c-zsrs2aic.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3_n0rk2989-8h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ofw495lt1gr1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3tofdpg99uc12.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2rzojj6zgb9d9.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/42jxjvozn2thc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1jp6nkbajpbfs.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3jn_lf7v27x-6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33qq2-hg37d0b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/15isb0svrppbz.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0asz50g5_lfq9.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30ia-cxa0yoyc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ghibkczd0agr.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20mjl75wrar8n.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3nxreg9fiyt2y.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0c04lgvo3p78i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1u78gf_avpn77.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 3e:I[70339,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/355lxm8rh3fxr.js"],"IconMark"] 3c:T4ca,Electroconvulsive therapy is administered, internationally, to approximately a million people annually. This study aimed to collect the self-reported factors contributing to the problems for which ECT is prescribed and assess how well mental health services addressed those factors. An online survey was responded to by 858 ECT recipients and 286 family members and friends, from 44 countries. The majority (84%) of ECT recipients reported childhood adversities and, of those, 78% believed those adversities had contributed to the problems for which ECT was prescribed. Only 32% reported that mental health services had asked about their childhood adversities, and 30% that their adversities had been 'therapeutically addressed'. 81% of ECT recipients reported at least one of 11 recent stressors. Of these, 67% believed their stressors had contributed to their problems. 34% reported being asked about their stressors and 21% felt that the stressors had been 'therapeutically addressed'. Mental health professionals, including nurses, should ensure that patients are asked about the life events and circumstances they believe contributed to the difficulties for which ECT is being considered, and offered some help with them.3d:T519,ABSTRACT Electroconvulsive therapy is administered, internationally, to approximately a million people annually. This study aimed to collect the self‐reported factors contributing to the problems for which ECT is prescribed and assess how well mental health services addressed those factors. An online survey was responded to by 858 ECT recipients and 286 family members and friends, from 44 countries. The majority (84%) of ECT recipients reported childhood adversities and, of those, 78% believed those adversities had contributed to the problems for which ECT was prescribed. Only 32% reported that mental health services had asked about their childhood adversities, and 30% that their adversities had been ‘therapeutically addressed’. 81% of ECT recipients reported at least one of 11 recent stressors. Of these, 67% believed their stressors had contributed to their problems. 34% reported being asked about their stressors and 21% felt that the stressors had been ‘therapeutically addressed’. Mental health professionals, including nurses, should ensure that patients are asked about the life events and circumstances they believe contributed to the difficulties for which ECT is being considered, and offered some help with them.28:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Electroconvulsive Therapy: Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Electroconvulsive Therapy (modality). 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These patients had treatment durations spanning several years, substantially more psychiatric hospitalizations, and greater cumulative hospitalization days. Clozapine use was recorded in only 13% of this high-exposure group, despite increasing clozapine use across higher ECT exposure categories.","limitations":"Claims database design limits clinical detail (e.g., specific diagnoses driving repeated ECT, treatment response data, and cognitive side effects are not captured). The cohort is limited to Japan, which may limit generalizability. Clozapine underuse may reflect Japan-specific prescribing patterns rather than a universal finding.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should recognize that patients requiring ≥100 ECT treatments are a distinct, high-need subgroup with prolonged and recurrent psychiatric illness. The low clozapine use (13%) in this group suggests a potential gap in optimizing maintenance pharmacotherapy alongside repeated ECT."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","pmid":"42364556","title":"Safe resumption of Electroconvulsive therapy shortly after permanent pacemaker implantation in an elderly patient with psychotic depression: A case report and focused review of peri-procedural considerations","journal_title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"1876-2018","published_at":"2026-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-04T13:26:22.507Z","updated_at":"2026-07-04T13:26:22.507Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiac Arrhythmia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psychotic Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"6","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cardiac Pacemaker","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1","value_numeric":1},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Case Report","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was not retrievable — the publisher page returned a CAPTCHA/bot-detection screen. All summary content and tags are derived solely from the title, DOI, and journal metadata. Key results, specific clinical details, sample characteristics, and peri-procedural protocols could not be verified.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex of the patient is not determinable from available metadata.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105076","tag_type":"warning","value":"The exact interval between pacemaker implantation and ECT resumption (a clinically critical detail) could not be extracted.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This case report examines the safety and timing of resuming electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) shortly after permanent pacemaker implantation in an elderly patient with psychotic depression, along with a focused review of peri-procedural considerations.","limitations":"Full text was inaccessible due to a paywall/CAPTCHA block; all structured data is inferred from the title and journal metadata alone, limiting the depth and reliability of extracted details.","practice_takeaway":"In elderly patients with psychotic depression and newly implanted permanent pacemakers, ECT may be cautiously resumed in the short term — but clinicians should review peri-procedural cardiac and anesthetic protocols carefully before proceeding."}},{"doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","pmid":"42240217","title":"A Structured Consent Framework for Research of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Advanced Dementia","journal_title":"The Journal of ECT","journal_issn":"1095-0680","published_at":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:23.600Z","updated_at":"2026-06-09T13:50:23.600Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"condition","value":"Agitation in Dementia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dementia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Descriptive/Methodological Report","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size was reported in the available content; the sample_size tag has been omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is best characterized as a descriptive/methodological report rather than a standard clinical trial design — the ECT-AD trial itself is the multisite RCT, but this paper describes the consent framework only.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1097/yct.0000000000001296","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text of this article was not retrievable — only the abstract and a publisher permissions page were provided. Structured tags and summaries are based solely on the abstract. Key procedural details, sample size, and quantitative outcomes are unknown.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"The ECT-AD trial developed a structured consent framework for enrolling individuals with advanced dementia (who lack decisional capacity) in a multisite study evaluating ECT for severe agitation, covering 5 US states with differing legal requirements (Massachusetts, New York, Georgia, Minnesota, Michigan).","key_result":"The paper describes a practical consent model including: identifying legally authorized representatives, complying with state-specific ECT consent laws, obtaining surrogate research consent, and assessing patient assent/dissent using a standardized tool.","limitations":"The full text of the article was not accessible — only the abstract was retrievable; specific procedural details, outcomes, and validation data for the consent framework cannot be confirmed from the available content.","practice_takeaway":"When conducting research with decisional-incapacity populations on legally regulated interventions like ECT, a state-by-state legal review combined with a standardized assent/dissent assessment tool is essential. This framework may serve as a model for future trials in similar settings."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","pmid":"42236351","title":"Temporal pattern of dementia with lewy bodies diagnostic labels around electroconvulsive therapy: A nationwide claims-based study","journal_title":"International Psychogeriatrics","journal_issn":"1041-6102","published_at":"2026-06-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:33.006Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:33.006Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alzheimer Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dementia With Lewy Bodies","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"condition","value":"Mood Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=3733","value_numeric":3733},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"warning","value":"Claims-based DLB diagnoses (ICD-10 codes) may not align with clinical or neuropathological diagnostic criteria, introducing misclassification risk.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"warning","value":"No data on patient outcomes after ECT (e.g., adverse events, mortality) are reported; the safety_signal flag reflects the clinical implication of unrecognized DLB prior to ECT, not a directly measured harm signal in this study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2026.100224","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DLB subgroup is small (n=71), so temporal patterns should be interpreted cautiously. The authors' claim of statistical significance across time windows may be underpowered for secondary analyses.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study used a Japanese nationwide claims database (564 acute care hospitals, April 2008–March 2025) to characterize the timing of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diagnoses relative to ECT initiation in patients with a concurrent mood disorder diagnosis, using Alzheimer disease (AD) as a comparator.","key_result":"Among 3,733 ECT patients, 71 met DLB criteria. The median interval between ECT initiation and first DLB diagnosis was 8 days **before** ECT. DLB diagnoses clustered significantly more often within ±90 and ±180 days of ECT initiation compared to AD diagnoses, which were spread broadly across the observation period.","limitations":"- Administrative claims data cannot confirm diagnostic accuracy or clinical intent; DLB labels may reflect billing codes rather than rigorous clinical criteria.\n- The study is restricted to Japanese acute care hospitals, limiting generalizability to other settings or healthcare systems.\n- Small DLB sample (n=71) limits statistical precision and subgroup analyses.","practice_takeaway":"When initiating ECT for late-life treatment-resistant depression, actively screen for DLB — the diagnosis is often recorded within days of ECT and can emerge years later. Recognizing underlying DLB early matters because of known neuroleptic sensitivity and distinct management needs."}},{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","pmid":"42087328","title":"Clinical and Cognitive Outcomes Comparing Right Unilateral Ultrabrief Electroconvulsive Therapy Versus Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Bipolar Depression: The CORRECT-BD Trial","journal_title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"0002-953X","published_at":"2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","source_score":26,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-10-06T20:09:52.201Z","updated_at":"2026-10-06T20:09:52.201Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"condition","value":"Bipolar Depression","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"modality","value":"Magnetic Seizure Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=55","value_numeric":55},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 21-treatment cap may have artificially limited remission rates, especially for MST, potentially underestimating its true antidepressant potential","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study enrolled patients with bipolar depression specifically; findings may not generalize to unipolar depression or other subtypes of bipolar disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250955","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a pilot study with a small sample size (n=45 with adequate trial exposure); results are underpowered for definitive efficacy conclusions and should be considered hypothesis-generating only","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This double-blind, randomized pilot trial compared right unilateral ultrabrief-pulse ECT (RUL-UB ECT) vs. magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in adults with bipolar depression, assessing remission (24-item HDRS) and cognitive adverse effects (Autobiographical Memory Test) over up to 21 treatments.","key_result":"Remission rates were similar — 30% (6/20) with ECT vs. 20% (5/25) with MST. Clinically meaningful autobiographical memory worsening (≥25% AMT decline) was notably lower with MST: 7.1% (2/28) vs. 22.2% (6/27) with ECT. Secondary clinical outcomes were comparable between groups.","limitations":"Small pilot sample (n=45 adequate trial completers) limits statistical power and generalizability; findings are explicitly preliminary. The maximum treatment cap of 21 sessions may have constrained remission rates, particularly for MST which may require more sessions.","practice_takeaway":"MST appears to offer similar antidepressant effects to RUL-UB ECT in bipolar depression with a meaningfully lower rate of autobiographical memory impairment, making it a potentially safer alternative — but clinicians should treat these results as preliminary until larger trials confirm them."}},{"doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","pmid":"42015884","title":"An international survey of the relatives and friends of electroconvulsive therapy recipients","journal_title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice","journal_issn":"1476-0835","published_at":"2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.70062","source_score":110,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:57.565Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:57.565Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"condition","value":"Major Depressive Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psychiatric Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"safety_signal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=286","value_numeric":286},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"warning","value":"Specific psychiatric diagnoses for the ECT recipients are not detailed in the abstract; 'Major Depressive Disorder' is inferred as the most common ECT indication but is not explicitly confirmed in the source text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"warning","value":"The sample is self-selected via an online survey, which likely over-represents relatives with negative ECT experiences — reported rates of harm may not reflect the general population of ECT families.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/papt.70062","tag_type":"warning","value":"The total survey had 1,144 respondents, but only 286 were relatives/friends; the remainder appear to be ECT recipients analyzed separately — the n=286 applies specifically to this subgroup.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"An international online survey of 286 relatives and friends of ECT recipients (from 22 countries) assessed their perceptions of ECT's effects on the patient — including symptom outcomes, quality of life, memory, and adverse effects.","key_result":"45% reported improvement in the presenting problem; 42% said ECT made it worse. 61% felt ECT worsened overall quality of life. Memory loss was reported by 51–73% of respondents (mostly lasting ≥3 years). At least 21 of 25 adverse effects were endorsed by ≥50% of respondents; 72% said they would not want ECT themselves.","limitations":"Self-selected online sample with no control group, likely overrepresenting those with negative experiences. Responses reflect third-party perception rather than direct patient-reported outcomes. No verification of ECT details (type, number of sessions, indication).","practice_takeaway":"Families of ECT patients report high rates of perceived harm — especially lasting memory loss and reduced quality of life. Clinicians should ensure that pre-ECT informed consent discussions include detailed, balanced information about potential adverse effects for both patients and their families."}},{"doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","pmid":"41807318","title":"A Global Delphi-Based Expert Consensus on Relapse Prevention Strategies Following Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder","journal_title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","journal_issn":"0002-953X","published_at":"2026-03-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","source_score":18,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:39.602Z","updated_at":"2026-06-03T13:44:39.602Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"brand","value":"Spravato","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"condition","value":"Major Depressive Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"generic","value":"esketamine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"generic","value":"lithium","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"generic","value":"venlafaxine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antidepressant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"modality","value":"Mood Stabilizer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"modality","value":"Pharmacotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"modality","value":"Psychotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=18","value_numeric":18},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Delphi Consensus Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"warning","value":"Age group was not explicitly reported in the abstract; 'adult' is inferred from the clinical context of ECT use.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"warning","value":"Esketamine brand tag (Spravato) added by inference from generic name; confirm if relevant to specific discussion context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"warning","value":"Panel size is small (n=18); consensus thresholds may not reflect broad international practice.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20250641","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously — this is expert consensus (Level 5 evidence), not RCT-level data. Clinical uptake should be weighed against local guidelines.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A multiround global Delphi consensus study with 18 international ECT experts evaluated relapse prevention strategies after successful ECT for major depressive disorder, covering pharmacological, continuation ECT, and nonpharmacological approaches.","key_result":"Consensus (≥80% agreement) was reached that all patients should receive lithium plus an antidepressant (TCA, venlafaxine, or a prior effective agent); continuation ECT via tapering (not abrupt cessation) was endorsed for high-relapse-risk patients and those with severe or psychotic depression; psychotherapy was adjunctive only. No consensus was reached on rTMS, esketamine, or treatment duration beyond 6 months.","limitations":"Panel limited to 18 experts, which may not fully represent global practice variation; Delphi consensus reflects expert opinion rather than trial-level evidence; no consensus achieved on emerging treatments (rTMS, esketamine) or optimal long-term duration, leaving key clinical gaps unresolved.","practice_takeaway":"After successful ECT for MDD, start lithium plus an antidepressant for all patients, and use a tapering continuation ECT schedule (rather than stopping abruptly) for those at high relapse risk or with severe/psychotic depression. Psychotherapy can augment but should not replace pharmacotherapy."}},{"doi":"10.1111/inm.70187","pmid":"41378458","title":"A Survey of\n ECT\n Recipients, Family Members and Friends: Are the Self‐Reported Reasons for The Recipients' Problems Being Addressed?","journal_title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing","journal_issn":"1445-8330","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.70187","source_score":186,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-12","doi":"10.1111/inm.70187","days":"30","issn":"1445-8330","rank":"7","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"186","category":"Psychiatry","categories":["Psychiatry"],"_categories":["Psychiatry"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/inm.70187","title":"A Survey of ECT Recipients, Family Members and Friends: Are the Self-Reported Reasons for The Recipients' Problems Being Addressed?","journal":"International journal of mental health 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The abstract focuses on recipient-reported outcomes, leaving how family/friend responses were used unclear.","practice_takeaway":"When considering ECT, clinicians and nurses should ask about childhood adversities and recent stressors patients believe contributed to their problems and offer help addressing them, given low reported rates of inquiry and therapeutic response."}}],"initialOffset":8,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Electroconvulsive Therapy"}}}]] 2b:null 2f:[["$","title","0",{"children":"Electroconvulsive Therapy: Research & Clinical Takeaways | ReachRx"}],["$","meta","1",{"name":"description","content":"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Electroconvulsive Therapy (modality). 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