2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T713,The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination.31:Tc68, Importance The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies. Objective To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching. Results Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination. 32:T710,Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants.33:Te02,Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk for HPV-related cancers or after 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) introduction. To examine effectiveness and herd protection over the first 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction in adolescent girls and young women at increased risk for HPV infection and related cancers. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 6 surveillance studies from 2006 to 2023. A consecutive sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 26 years was recruited from clinical settings. Participants were stratified by HPV vaccination status; those who received at least 1 vaccine dose were defined as vaccinated. Effectiveness and herd protection were assessed by comparing proportions of vaccinated and unvaccinated participants positive for at least 1 type in the 2-valent vaccine (2vHPV), 4-valent vaccine (4vHPV), and 9vHPV in each of 6 studies. The prevalence of vaccine-type HPV was compared in vaccinated participants from surveillance studies 2 through 6 vs participants recruited in surveillance study 1, all of whom were unvaccinated. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score was used to balance between-wave differences in participant characteristics. Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, <0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants. In this study, population-level effectiveness and herd protection were robust 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction, even in sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women at relatively high risk for HPV who may not have received the full vaccination series.34:T12e0, Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk for HPV-related cancers or after 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) introduction. Objective To examine effectiveness and herd protection over the first 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction in adolescent girls and young women at increased risk for HPV infection and related cancers. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 6 surveillance studies from 2006 to 2023. A consecutive sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 26 years was recruited from clinical settings. Exposure Participants were stratified by HPV vaccination status; those who received at least 1 vaccine dose were defined as vaccinated. Main Outcomes and Measures Effectiveness and herd protection were assessed by comparing proportions of vaccinated and unvaccinated participants positive for at least 1 type in the 2-valent vaccine (2vHPV), 4-valent vaccine (4vHPV), and 9vHPV in each of 6 studies. The prevalence of vaccine-type HPV was compared in vaccinated participants from surveillance studies 2 through 6 vs participants recruited in surveillance study 1, all of whom were unvaccinated. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score was used to balance between-wave differences in participant characteristics. Results Of 2335 participants (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [2.7] years; 1526 African American [65.4%], 13 Asian [0.6%], 6 Native American [0.3%], 582 White [24.9%], and 151 multiracial [6.5%]; 173 Hispanic [7.4%]), 1195 participants (51.2%) reported a sexually transmitted infection history and 1843 participants (78.9%) reported 2 or more male sex partners. Vaccination rates increased from 0 of 371 participants to 330 of 402 participants (82.1%) from 2006 to 2023. Among vaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (27.7%) to 1 of 330 participants (0.4%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 98.4%), 118 participants (35.4%) to 3 participants (2.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 94.2%), and 163 participants (48.6%) to 21 participants (11.8%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 75.7%). Among unvaccinated participants, positivity decreased from 93 of 371 participants (25.8%) to 3 of 72 participants (7.3%) for 2vHPV (relative difference, 71.6%), 118 participants (25.3%) to 4 participants (6.1%) for 4vHPV (relative difference, 75.8%), and 163 participants (42.7%) to 13 participants (31.1%) for 9vHPV (relative difference, 27.2%). For positivity rates, counts are raw numbers and percentages are propensity score adjusted. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated significant reductions in the odds of at least 1 HPV type in the 2vHPV and 4vHPV among all (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07 and aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.10, respectively), vaccinated (aOR, 0.01; 95% CI, &lt;0.01 to 0.05 and aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08, respectively), and unvaccinated (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.63 and aOR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.52, respectively) participants and in the 9vHPV among all (aOR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31) and vaccinated (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) participants. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, population-level effectiveness and herd protection were robust 17 years after HPV vaccine introduction, even in sexually experienced adolescent girls and young women at relatively high risk for HPV who may not have received the full vaccination series. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"HPV Vaccine: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on HPV Vaccine (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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In GBM aged 27–45, the reduction in 9-valent HPV types among those vaccinated ≤26 years did not reach statistical significance (aPR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61–1.08).","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design limits causal inference; prevalent HPV may reflect past, not current, infection.\n- Self-reported vaccination status introduces potential recall bias.\n- Respondent-driven sampling may not fully represent all GBM populations.","practice_takeaway":"Vaccinate GBM as early as possible — ideally at or near sexual debut — to maximize anal HPV protection. Vaccination in older or more sexually experienced GBM showed diminishing but not absent benefit, supporting catch-up programs while prioritizing early immunization."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","pmid":"42604649","title":"HPV Vaccination and Risk of Head and Neck Cancers: A Large Real-World Cohort Study","journal_title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"1201-9712","published_at":"2026-08-16T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","source_score":24,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-23T07:33:02.008Z","updated_at":"2026-08-23T07:33:02.008Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"condition","value":"Head And Neck Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"condition","value":"Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"generic","value":"human papillomavirus vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1433260","value_numeric":1433260},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"warning","value":"Matching on age, sex, and comorbidities may not fully control for behavioral confounders such as smoking history or number of sexual partners, which are strong HNC risk factors.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"warning","value":"No specific HPV vaccine type (e.g., bivalent, quadrivalent, 9-valent) is identified in the abstract; effectiveness may vary by formulation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109067","tag_type":"warning","value":"The absolute event counts are low (40 vaccinated vs. 130 controls), so subgroup HRs—particularly for OPSCC—should be interpreted cautiously due to wide potential confidence intervals not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether HPV vaccination reduces head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence in a U.S. real-world population of 1,433,260 matched individuals (ages 9–45), comparing 716,630 vaccinated persons to 716,630 unvaccinated controls, matched on age, sex, and comorbidities, across 66 U.S. healthcare organizations.","key_result":"HPV vaccination was associated with a 68% lower risk of HNC overall (40 vs. 130 cases; HR 0.315), with the strongest effect for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.087, ~91% reduction); risk reduction was also seen in ages 9–26 (HR 0.323) and persisted 5–13 years post-vaccination.","limitations":"Retrospective observational design limits causal inference; residual confounding (e.g., sexual behavior, smoking) cannot be excluded despite matching; HNC case counts are small (40 vs. 130), which may limit precision of subgroup estimates.","practice_takeaway":"These real-world data strongly support HPV vaccination—especially in patients aged 9–26—as a meaningful strategy to reduce oropharyngeal and other head and neck cancers. Clinicians should prioritize timely HPV immunization and counsel patients on its long-lasting protective effect."}},{"doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","pmid":"42557895","title":"Anogenital human papillomavirus infection patterns by anatomical site and sexual orientation in Chinese men: a national multi-center study","journal_title":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","journal_issn":"2095-3941","published_at":"2026-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","source_score":122,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-22T06:53:45.376Z","updated_at":"2026-08-22T06:53:45.376Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"category","value":"Oncology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"condition","value":"Penile Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"generic","value":"nonavalent HPV vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=9000","value_numeric":9000},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"MSM were a minority subgroup (n=1,200 vs. 7,800 HM), and their trial recruitment method may not reflect the broader MSM population in China.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study detects 25 HPV genotypes via SureX assay — genotypes outside this panel are not captured, potentially underestimating true prevalence.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a baseline analysis from an ongoing vaccine trial; longitudinal efficacy and final trial data are not yet available.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0129","tag_type":"warning","value":"Three authors are employees or shareholders of Beijing Health Guard Biotechnology Inc., the trial funder, which may introduce conflict-of-interest bias in data interpretation.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Baseline anogenital HPV prevalence and genotype distribution were assessed across three anatomical sites (external genitalia, perineal–perianal area, anal canal) in 9,000 HIV-negative Chinese men aged 18–45 years (7,800 heterosexual men [HM] and 1,200 MSM) enrolled in a multicenter nonavalent HPV vaccine trial across 17 centers in China (2022–2023).","key_result":"Total anogenital HPV prevalence was 33.7% in HM and 60.9% in MSM (P < 0.05). In HM, prevalence was highest at external genitalia (26.1%); in MSM, it was highest at the anal canal (45.1%) and perineal–perianal area (42.4%). HPV-52 was the most prevalent HR-HPV type in both groups. MSM had markedly higher HPV-16 (12.8%) and HPV-6/11 (anal canal 6.9%/4.8%) prevalence; multi-HR-HPV anal canal co-infection was 12.5% in MSM. Concurrent infection across ≥2 sites affected 15.4% of HM vs. 41.4% of MSM.","limitations":"- Baseline cross-sectional data only; causality and temporal trends cannot be established.\n- Participants were enrolled in a vaccine trial, which may introduce selection bias and limit generalizability.\n- Individual-level data remain masked pending trial completion, limiting external validation.","practice_takeaway":"The high HPV burden in both HM and MSM — especially HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-6/11 in MSM anal sites — supports expanding HPV vaccination to include men, with particular priority for MSM. Clinicians should consider multi-site anogenital sampling in MSM, as anal canal and perineal–perianal infections are far more prevalent than external genital infections in this group."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","pmid":"42309117","title":"Cervical cancer mortality trends following HPV vaccination in England, 2001–24: an analysis of population-based mortality data","journal_title":"The Lancet","journal_issn":"0140-6736","published_at":"2026-06-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","source_score":2149,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-22T13:24:03.825Z","updated_at":"2026-06-22T13:24:03.825Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"generic","value":"human papillomavirus vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=199.6 deaths prevented (population-level analysis)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Population-Based Observational Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (observational population-based study); authors acknowledge the observational nature limits causal conclusions.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects population-level deaths prevented rather than a traditional trial enrollment figure, as this is an ecological mortality analysis rather than an individually randomized study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00918-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 30–34 age group result is statistically imprecise (wide CI crossing zero) and should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This population-based analysis examined cervical cancer mortality trends in England from 2001–2024 among women aged 20–34 years, estimating the reduction in deaths attributable to the national HPV vaccination programme introduced in 2008 (girls aged 12–13 years, ~80–90% coverage; catch-up for ages 14–18 in 2008–10).","key_result":"Among women aged 20–24 years with ~88–90% vaccination coverage, zero deaths occurred in 2020–24 vs. 23.1 expected (100% mortality reduction, 95% CI 84–100%). Overall, HPV vaccination was associated with ~199.6 fewer cervical cancer deaths (95% CI 125.0–274.2) through end of 2024; reductions were 80% (51–94%) in women aged 20–24 in 2015–19 and 69% (55–79%) in women aged 25–29 in 2020–24.","limitations":"Observational design prevents causal inference; herd immunity effects were not accounted for (assumed zero), which may underestimate the true vaccine impact; the estimate for the 30–34 age group was imprecise (63%, 95% CI –13% to 100%), reflecting lower and more variable vaccination coverage in that cohort.","practice_takeaway":"These data offer the strongest national-level evidence to date that high HPV vaccination coverage in early adolescence can effectively eliminate cervical cancer deaths in young women. Clinicians and public health teams should prioritize achieving high vaccine uptake at ages 12–13, as catch-up vaccination at older ages yields more modest but still meaningful reductions."}},{"doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","pmid":"42236158","title":"Anal HPV type prevalence in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men following an opportunistic HPV vaccination programme in Scotland: a repeated cross-sectional study","journal_title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections","journal_issn":"1368-4973","published_at":"2026-06-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:22.745Z","updated_at":"2026-06-10T14:24:22.745Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"category","value":"Infectious Diseases","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"modality","value":"HPV Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"modality","value":"Quadrivalent Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"sex","value":"male","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Repeated Cross-Sectional Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"warning","value":"The rise in non-vaccine high-risk HPV types may reflect surveillance bias, behavioural changes, or type replacement — the study design cannot differentiate these explanations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size (N) is not reported in the abstract or results excerpt; sample_size tag was omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/sextrans-2026-056940","tag_type":"warning","value":"Vaccine brand name is not specified beyond 'quadrivalent'; no brand tag applied.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This repeated cross-sectional study evaluated the impact of Scotland's opportunistic quadrivalent HPV vaccination programme (launched July 2017) for GBMSM by monitoring changes in anal HPV type prevalence via rectal swabs collected at a city centre sexual health clinic at baseline and at three subsequent timepoints over 4 years.","key_result":"By 2021, prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-targeted HPV types fell 23% vs. baseline (PR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.86, p<0.001); however, other high-risk HPV types rose 25% (PR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12–1.40, p<0.001), and overall anal HPV prevalence remained high across all years, peaking in 2019/2020.","limitations":"- Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference or tracking of individual vaccination status.\n- Single city centre clinic limits generalisability to GBMSM in other settings.\n- Cannot distinguish direct vaccine protection from indirect herd-immunity effects of the routine programme.","practice_takeaway":"HPV vaccination for GBMSM appears to reduce vaccine-targeted anal HPV types, supporting its role in anal cancer prevention. Clinicians should note the concurrent rise in non-vaccine high-risk HPV types, reinforcing the need for ongoing anal cancer screening alongside vaccination."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","pmid":"41954909","title":"Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males","journal_title":"JAMA Oncology","journal_issn":"2374-2437","published_at":"2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13067135/","source_score":508,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-14","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","days":"30","issn":"2374-2437","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"508","category":"Oncology","categories":["Oncology"],"_categories":["Oncology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","title":"Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males.","journal":"JAMA oncology","methods":"","results":"Before propensity score matching, 615 155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2 290 623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510 260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81; P = .002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97; P = .04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93; P = .03).","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41954909","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0496","ISSN":["2374-2437"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/articlepdf/2847524/jamaoncology_kitano_2026_oi_260011_1775077762.09379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males"],"author":[{"given":"Taito","family":"Kitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, 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