2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T5ec,Patients diagnosed with cancer are at risk of viral reactivation, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the risk varies significantly with underlying malignancy and treatment regimen. We review the latest evidence for antiviral prophylaxis strategies, focusing on novel immune therapies and future directions. Antiviral prophylaxis is indicated for all high-risk patients. The approval of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis has significantly reduced the burden of clinically significant infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) recipients, and recent data now supports use up to 200 days posttransplant. For intermediate-risk regimens such as myeloma therapies and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHCT), antiviral prophylaxis is also a cornerstone of VZV prevention. Newer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies are increasingly available; while HSV/VZV prophylaxis has been incorporated into trial and real-world treatment protocols, optimal duration is unclear and data on CMV reactivation is still emerging. Solid tumours are a lower risk cohort, but high-dose steroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy can increase the risk of viral reactivation and, therefore, close clinical monitoring is warranted. As the cancer treatment landscape evolves, ongoing research into optimal antiviral prophylaxis approaches is necessary to improve patient outcomes.31:T7ab, Purpose of review Patients diagnosed with cancer are at risk of viral reactivation, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the risk varies significantly with underlying malignancy and treatment regimen. We review the latest evidence for antiviral prophylaxis strategies, focusing on novel immune therapies and future directions. Recent findings Antiviral prophylaxis is indicated for all high-risk patients. The approval of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis has significantly reduced the burden of clinically significant infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) recipients, and recent data now supports use up to 200 days posttransplant. For intermediate-risk regimens such as myeloma therapies and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (autoHCT), antiviral prophylaxis is also a cornerstone of VZV prevention. Newer chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies are increasingly available; while HSV/VZV prophylaxis has been incorporated into trial and real-world treatment protocols, optimal duration is unclear and data on CMV reactivation is still emerging. Solid tumours are a lower risk cohort, but high-dose steroids, immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy can increase the risk of viral reactivation and, therefore, close clinical monitoring is warranted. Summary As the cancer treatment landscape evolves, ongoing research into optimal antiviral prophylaxis approaches is necessary to improve patient outcomes. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Candidate predictors included age, sex, race, ethnicity, prior skin cancer, pretransplant monoclonal antibody exposure, total body irradiation, chronic graft-vs-host disease, and posttransplant immunosuppression.","key_result":"At 15 years post-BMT, model AUCs were 0.81 for BCC, 0.90 for SCC, and 0.83 for melanoma. High-risk patients had 15-year cumulative incidences of 13.3% (BCC), 13.6% (SCC), and 4.4% (melanoma), versus 2.4%, 3.2%, and 0.8% in the low-risk group—roughly a 5-fold difference across all three cancer types.","limitations":"- Outcomes relied partly on self-report; medical record validation was not universal.\n- The cohort spans transplants from 1974–2014, so older-era practices may not reflect current BMT protocols.\n- Study sites were limited to 3 U.S. centers, which may limit generalizability to other populations or settings.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can use age, sex, prior skin cancer, total body irradiation, chronic GVHD, and immunosuppression status to stratify BMT survivors into low- vs. high-risk groups for skin cancer, enabling targeted dermatologic surveillance. High-risk survivors face a >13% 15-year risk of BCC or SCC and warrant more intensive monitoring."}},{"doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","pmid":"42237010","title":"Defining lines of therapy in haematological malignancies: a proposed systematic and comprehensive framework from the EBMT Practice Harmonisation and Guidelines Committee","journal_title":"Bone Marrow Transplantation","journal_issn":"0268-3369","published_at":"2026-06-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","source_score":13,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:51.118Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:51.118Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Hematology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"category","value":"Immunology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Acute Leukemia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hematological Malignancies","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Lymphoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"condition","value":"Multiple Myeloma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"CAR-T Cell Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cellular Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immunotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"modality","value":"Targeted Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Expert Consensus / Clinical Practice Guidelines","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size applies — this is a consensus framework, not a patient-level study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is expert consensus/guidelines; no empirical validation data are reported, so level of evidence is assigned as 5 (expert opinion).","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41409-026-02914-0","tag_type":"warning","value":"The framework covers acute leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma but does not explicitly address all hematological malignancies (e.g., CLL, MDS); generalizability beyond the stated scope is unclear.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"The EBMT Practice Harmonisation and Guidelines Committee developed a standardized framework for defining and recording 'lines of therapy' (LoT) across acute leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, addressing wide variability in current practice.","key_result":"A LoT is defined as a coherent therapeutic episode aimed at achieving or maintaining disease control; a new LoT is triggered by progression, relapse, refractory disease, or introduction of an agent from a distinct therapeutic class — but not by dose adjustments, schedule changes, or toxicity-driven omissions. Bridging therapies before CAR-T or transplant are counted within the same LoT as the definitive treatment.","limitations":"This is a consensus framework document rather than an empirically validated study; real-world applicability and inter-rater reliability of the proposed definitions have not been tested prospectively.","practice_takeaway":"When documenting treatment history or enrolling patients in registries and trials, use this EBMT framework to assign LoT: count a new line only at progression/relapse/refractory disease or when a new therapeutic class is added, not at routine dose or schedule changes. Treat bridging therapy before CAR-T or stem cell transplant as part of the same LoT as the cellular therapy."}},{"doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","pmid":"42068587","title":"Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer","journal_title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","journal_issn":"0951-7375","published_at":"2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","source_score":30,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-05-08","doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","days":"7","issn":"0951-7375","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"30","category":"Infectious Diseases","categories":["Infectious Diseases"],"_categories":["Infectious Diseases"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198","title":"Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer.","journal":"Current opinion in infectious diseases","methods":"","results":"","abstract":"$30","keywords":["antivirals","cytomegalovirus","herpesviruses","malignancy","prophylaxis"],"pubmed_id":"42068587","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-05-03T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001198","ISSN":["0951-7375","1473-6527"],"link":[{"URL":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Antiviral prophylaxis against herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus) among patients with cancer"],"author":[{"given":"Alice J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Service"}]},{"given":"Violet Z.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"}]},{"given":"Michelle K.","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Service"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"member":"276","prefix":"10.1097","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:00:08Z","timestamp":1777752008000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:04:30Z","timestamp":1777946670663,"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001198"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:00:21Z","timestamp":1777752021000,"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0951-7375"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-6527"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer 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