2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T684,A prominent barrier to broader intrauterine device (IUD) uptake is the fear of pain and discomfort associated with insertion of the device. To examine the pain level perceived during IUD insertion and identify factors associated with perceived pain during the insertion procedure. We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from Australian women using IUDs. We explored self-reported pain perception during IUD insertion retrospectively. We asked women about pregnancy history, mental health and their perceived knowledge about the IUD method they were using at the time of the survey. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between these factors and pain perception. A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self-perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain. These findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to consider the complex interplay of factors affecting pain perception during IUD insertion, prioritise individualized pain management strategies and address perceived knowledge surrounding IUDs, particularly in women with mental health conditions. Exploring ways to improve the experience of women during IUD insertion may contribute to positive discourse around IUDs and to encourage others to select an IUD as a contraceptive approach.31:T9a4,ABSTRACT Background A prominent barrier to broader intrauterine device (IUD) uptake is the fear of pain and discomfort associated with insertion of the device. Aim To examine the pain level perceived during IUD insertion and identify factors associated with perceived pain during the insertion procedure. Materials and Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from Australian women using IUDs. We explored self‐reported pain perception during IUD insertion retrospectively. We asked women about pregnancy history, mental health and their perceived knowledge about the IUD method they were using at the time of the survey. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between these factors and pain perception. Results A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self‐perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to consider the complex interplay of factors affecting pain perception during IUD insertion, prioritise individualized pain management strategies and address perceived knowledge surrounding IUDs, particularly in women with mental health conditions. Exploring ways to improve the experience of women during IUD insertion may contribute to positive discourse around IUDs and to encourage others to select an IUD as a contraceptive approach. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Intrauterine Device: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Intrauterine Device (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Uterine anteversion prevalence was 87.0% (215/250).","limitations":"Single-center design limits generalizability; the study is observational only — no IUD insertion outcomes were measured, so clinical benefit remains unproven; findings apply specifically to nulliparous women with anteverted uteri and may not extend to other populations.","practice_takeaway":"A full bladder meaningfully straightens uterine flexion in nulliparous women with anteversion, providing a plausible anatomical rationale for asking patients to present with a full bladder before IUD insertion. Interventional trials are still needed before this becomes standard practice."}},{"doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","pmid":"42259606","title":"Effect of hormonal contraception in individuals with anxiety and mood (affective) disorders: a rapid review","journal_title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health","journal_issn":"2515-1991","published_at":"2026-06-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-12T13:24:33.959Z","updated_at":"2026-06-12T13:24:33.959Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anxiety Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"condition","value":"Mood Disorders","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"generic","value":"levonorgestrel","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combined Oral Contraceptive","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"modality","value":"Hormonal Contraception","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"modality","value":"Intrauterine Device","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"modality","value":"Progestogen-Only Contraception","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=10","value_numeric":10},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Rapid Systematic Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence set to 3 (systematic review of heterogeneous non-RCT studies); no meta-analysis was performed due to heterogeneity.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects number of included studies (n=10), not number of individual participants—total participant count was not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203256","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study designs were heterogeneous (RCTs, cohort, cross-sectional); narrative synthesis limits strength of conclusions.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This rapid review examined how hormonal contraception (HC) used for pregnancy prevention affects anxiety and mood symptoms in women with pre-existing, clinically diagnosed or self-reported anxiety or mood (affective) disorders; 10 studies (RCTs, cohort, and cross-sectional designs) published 2015–2025 were included, covering adult, adolescent, and postpartum populations.","key_result":"HC did not consistently worsen anxiety or mood symptoms in women with established mental health disorders (n=10 studies); combined oral contraceptives (COCs) had largely neutral effects but some worsening was noted—especially in adolescents and first-time users—while progestogen-only methods and levonorgestrel IUDs were associated with stable or improved symptoms. Negative associations were less pronounced in women with pre-existing disorders than in those without.","limitations":"Only 10 studies met inclusion criteria, with high heterogeneity in designs and outcome measures precluding meta-analysis; studies largely excluded or under-represented women with pre-existing mental health conditions; findings were narratively synthesised, limiting quantitative precision.","practice_takeaway":"HC appears generally safe for women with anxiety or mood disorders—counsel patients that symptoms are unlikely to worsen, but monitor adolescents and first-time COC users more closely. Progestogen-only methods and levonorgestrel IUDs may be preferable options when mood stability is a priority."}},{"doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","pmid":"42047605","title":"Primary healthcare practitioners’ views and experiences of providing postpartum contraception counselling and care: a rapid review","journal_title":"Family Practice","journal_issn":"0263-2136","published_at":"2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13122604/","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:40.382Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:40.382Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"category","value":"Primary Health Care","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Postpartum Contraception","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Unintended Pregnancy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Contraceptive Implant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Intrauterine Device","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Long-Acting Reversible Contraception","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=8 studies","value_numeric":8},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Rapid Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (systematic review of non-RCT studies); some uncertainty given rapid review methodology and qualitative/mixed primary sources.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size tag reflects the number of included studies (n=8), not individual participants — participant counts were not consistently reported across included studies.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study designs among the 8 included studies were mostly cross-sectional surveys (n=6) and semi-structured interviews (n=2); the rapid review label is applied to the synthesis itself, not the primary studies.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/fampra/cmag022","tag_type":"warning","value":"The majority of included studies were LARC-focused; findings may not generalise to non-LARC postpartum contraception.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A rapid review of 8 peer-reviewed studies from high-income countries (USA, UK, Finland, Australia) examining primary healthcare practitioners' views and experiences of providing postpartum contraceptive counselling and care, with a focus on LARC provision at the 6–8 week postnatal check.","key_result":"Four key barriers were identified: (1) varied practitioner knowledge and attitudes — e.g., only 43% believed IUDs could be safely inserted postpartum in one US study, and only 41% in a UK study were comfortable promoting postpartum IUD provision; (2) structural barriers — only 29% of practitioners could offer same-day LARC insertion; (3) training gaps — in one US residency survey, only 5% were trained in IUD insertion and 4% in both IUD and implant insertion; (4) absent standardized guidelines — 29% of practitioners viewed contraception counselling as a supplementary rather than standard service.","limitations":"- Only 8 studies met inclusion criteria from 2,255 references, limiting breadth; most evidence is LARC-focused, leaving non-LARC postpartum contraception under-examined.\n- Restricted to English-language, peer-reviewed articles from high-income countries, introducing potential publication and selection bias.\n- Rapid review methodology is less comprehensive than a full systematic review; findings should be interpreted cautiously.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians and health systems should embed LARC training into medical and nursing education, ensure on-site device availability, and adopt standardized postnatal check guidelines that include contraception counselling — particularly since the 6–8 week visit is a high-yield but underused opportunity. Financial incentives and flexible training formats (e.g., shorter, modular courses) may help overcome practitioner barriers to upskilling."}},{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","pmid":"41969241","title":"Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey","journal_title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","journal_issn":"0004-8666","published_at":"2026-04-13T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70125","source_score":15,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-14","doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","days":"30","issn":"0004-8666","rank":"4","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"15","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","title":"Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey.","journal":"The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology","methods":"","results":"A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self-perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain.","abstract":"$30","keywords":["contraceptive IUD","knowledge","mental health","pain","regression analysis"],"pubmed_id":"41969241","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2026-04-13T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/ajo.70125","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70125","ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"link":[{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajo.70125","content-type":"application/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ajo.70125","content-type":"application/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajo.70125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"2","score":1,"title":["Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey"],"author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Camões‐Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Hailes for Women's Health Melbourne Australia"}]},{"given":"A. 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In multivariate analysis, current mental health condition, more than one prior pregnancy, and higher self-perceived IUD knowledge were each independently associated with greater pain perception; age was not significant after adjustment.","limitations":"- Retrospective recall of pain (IUDs can stay in place up to 10 years), introducing recall bias likely toward underreporting severity.\n- Pregnancy history lacked detail on mode of delivery or outcome (vaginal birth, caesarean, miscarriage, abortion), limiting interpretation.\n- Mental health assessed by a single non-validated item capturing only functionally impairing conditions; specific diagnoses (e.g., anxiety vs. depression) and timing relative to insertion were not captured.","practice_takeaway":"Screen IUD candidates for mental health conditions and assess the quality—not just level—of their IUD knowledge before insertion, correcting misinformation early. Individualized pain management and evidence-based counseling are especially important for women with mental health diagnoses or a history of multiple pregnancies."}}],"initialOffset":4,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Intrauterine Device"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Intrauterine Device"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Intrauterine Device"}}}]]

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