2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:Ta30,Identifying early proteomic profiles in infants who develop severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may reveal targets for preventive interventions to reduce retinal vessel loss and the subsequent risk of severe ROP. To assess early longitudinal profiles of blood protein levels in preterm infants with or without severe ROP and the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of serum proteome profiles in preterm infants in the double-masked Mega Donna Mega (MDM) randomized clinical trial using targeted Olink Proximity Extension Assay proteomics covering 538 analytes. The setting was 3 university hospitals in Sweden and included extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age (GA), from 2016 to 2019. Data were analyzed from January to March 2025. All infants received standard nutrition; additionally, half received enteral lipid supplementation with AA/DHA (100/50 mg/kg per day) from birth to term equivalent age. Longitudinal protein profiles during the first month of life were examined using mixed models for repeated measures, adjusted for GA, study center, and AA/DHA supplementation, and tested for the interaction between severe ROP (stage ≥3 and/or treated) and postnatal age. A total of 177 extremely preterm infants (mean [SD] GA, 25.6 [1.4] weeks; 100 male [56.5%]) were included, of whom 50 (28.2%) developed severe ROP. Of 538 longitudinal analyzed proteins, 109 protein profiles in the first month of life associated with severe ROP, proteins related to immune response, apoptotic processes, blood coagulation, and lipid metabolism. The most pronounced association with severe ROP was a fast rise in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21; β = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97; Q =.002) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.29; Q <.001) during the first postnatal days. The increase in serum FGF-21 level in the first week of life was associated with lower GA, lower birth weight, low enteral energy intake, and more days receiving mechanical ventilation. No association was observed between AA/DHA supplementation and the proteome. In this post hoc exploratory analysis of data from the MDM randomized clinical trial, a fast rise in FGF-21 levels, a metabolic stress-induced hormone, during the first postnatal days was strongly associated with the development of severe ROP in extremely preterm infants. These findings suggest that early interventions improving bioenergetic status may help prevent severe ROP. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03201588.31:T10b9, Importance Identifying early proteomic profiles in infants who develop severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may reveal targets for preventive interventions to reduce retinal vessel loss and the subsequent risk of severe ROP. Objective To assess early longitudinal profiles of blood protein levels in preterm infants with or without severe ROP and the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. Design, Setting, and Participants This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of serum proteome profiles in preterm infants in the double-masked Mega Donna Mega (MDM) randomized clinical trial using targeted Olink Proximity Extension Assay proteomics covering 538 analytes. The setting was 3 university hospitals in Sweden and included extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age (GA), from 2016 to 2019. Data were analyzed from January to March 2025. Exposures All infants received standard nutrition; additionally, half received enteral lipid supplementation with AA/DHA (100/50 mg/kg per day) from birth to term equivalent age. Main Outcomes and Measures Longitudinal protein profiles during the first month of life were examined using mixed models for repeated measures, adjusted for GA, study center, and AA/DHA supplementation, and tested for the interaction between severe ROP (stage ≥3 and/or treated) and postnatal age. Results A total of 177 extremely preterm infants (mean [SD] GA, 25.6 [1.4] weeks; 100 male [56.5%]) were included, of whom 50 (28.2%) developed severe ROP. Of 538 longitudinal analyzed proteins, 109 protein profiles in the first month of life associated with severe ROP, proteins related to immune response, apoptotic processes, blood coagulation, and lipid metabolism. The most pronounced association with severe ROP was a fast rise in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21; β = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97; Q =.002) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.29; Q &lt;.001) during the first postnatal days. The increase in serum FGF-21 level in the first week of life was associated with lower GA, lower birth weight, low enteral energy intake, and more days receiving mechanical ventilation. No association was observed between AA/DHA supplementation and the proteome. Conclusions and Relevance In this post hoc exploratory analysis of data from the MDM randomized clinical trial, a fast rise in FGF-21 levels, a metabolic stress-induced hormone, during the first postnatal days was strongly associated with the development of severe ROP in extremely preterm infants. These findings suggest that early interventions improving bioenergetic status may help prevent severe ROP. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03201588 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Nutritional Supplement: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Nutritional Supplement (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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All summary content is inferred from the title alone and may not accurately reflect the study's specific methods, population, results, or conclusions. Clinicians should consult the full paper before acting on this summary.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.70310","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design, sample size, level of evidence, and specific numeric results could not be determined from the available metadata.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.70310","tag_type":"warning","value":"The geographic population studied is unknown, which affects generalizability of any takeaway.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined trends in preconception folic acid supplement use and its implications for neural tube defect (NTD) prevention, based on data from populations using folic acid supplementation before conception.","key_result":"The study found a falling rate of preconception folic acid supplement use, raising concern about increased risk of neural tube defects in the population studied.","limitations":"The full paper text was not provided, limiting extraction of specific sample sizes, absolute risk numbers, timeframes, or granular subgroup data.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should proactively counsel women of reproductive age about the importance of preconception folic acid supplementation to reduce NTD risk, given declining uptake rates."}},{"doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","pmid":"42545747","title":"Creatine supplementation in patients with kidney disease - harm or benefit?","journal_title":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation","journal_issn":"0931-0509","published_at":"2026-08-03T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfag169","source_score":19,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-07T13:23:07.043Z","updated_at":"2026-08-07T13:23:07.043Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"category","value":"Urology & Nephrology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Kidney Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"condition","value":"Frailty","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"condition","value":"Neurocognitive Impairment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"condition","value":"Sarcopenia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"generic","value":"creatine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"warning","value":"No original patient data are reported; all conclusions are based on cited external studies whose quality is not formally graded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex distribution and age breakdown of study populations reviewed are not reported in the abstract.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfag169","tag_type":"warning","value":"The review is narrative rather than systematic or meta-analytic, which may introduce selection bias in the literature cited.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This narrative review critically evaluates the renal safety of creatine supplementation and its potential benefits in chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on sarcopenia, cognitive function, gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress across experimental and clinical evidence.","key_result":"Emerging mechanistic and clinical evidence suggests creatine supplementation may offer pleiotropic benefits in CKD — including preservation of muscle mass, neuroprotection, and modulation of gut barrier integrity and inflammation — while persistent concerns about renal safety in patients with impaired kidney function remain under active investigation.","limitations":"- Narrative (non-systematic) review design limits ability to pool data or assess bias formally.\n- No original patient data; conclusions rely on the quality and heterogeneity of cited studies.\n- Specific dose, duration, and CKD-stage recommendations are not established from the available evidence.","practice_takeaway":"Creatine supplementation shows promise for managing sarcopenia, frailty, and neurocognitive decline in CKD, but clinicians should interpret renal safety claims cautiously until higher-quality trials in CKD populations confirm the benefit-risk profile."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","pmid":"42480543","title":"Maternal vitamin B12 deprivation exacerbates offspring obesity by reducing early-life colonization with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum","journal_title":"Cell Metabolism","journal_issn":"1550-4131","published_at":"2026-07-21T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","source_score":19,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-25T13:57:47.820Z","updated_at":"2026-07-25T13:57:47.820Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"age_group","value":"infant","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Gestational Glucose Metabolism Impairment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Dysregulation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"condition","value":"Vitamin B12 Deficiency","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"generic","value":"acetate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"generic","value":"vitamin B12","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Probiotic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"modality","value":"Short-Chain Fatty Acid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Animal Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"warning","value":"DOI and publication date are from 2026; this is a recently published paper and has not yet undergone broad post-publication peer scrutiny.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is applied cautiously given the preclinical nature of the study, but the mechanistic clarity and public health relevance of maternal B12 deficiency justify the flag.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.06.022","tag_type":"warning","value":"This study appears to be conducted in a rodent model; direct clinical applicability to human pregnancy and infant health requires further validation in human cohorts.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study examined how maternal vitamin B12 deprivation during pregnancy and lactation affects offspring metabolic health, gut microbiota composition, and susceptibility to high-fat-diet-induced obesity in a rodent model, with a focus on the mechanistic role of *Bifidobacterium pseudolongum* and its metabolite acetate.","key_result":"Maternal B12 deprivation reduced early-life *B. pseudolongum* colonization in offspring and worsened high-fat-diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation; early-life restoration of *B. pseudolongum* or acetate ameliorated these effects via the Ffar2 receptor and upregulation of *Ehhadh* expression.","limitations":"The study appears to be conducted in an animal (rodent) model, limiting direct translation to humans; the clinical relevance of the specific Ffar2/Ehhadh mechanism in human infants is unconfirmed; and the study does not establish the minimum or optimal level of B12 needed to preserve protective microbiota colonization in humans.","practice_takeaway":"Adequate vitamin B12 intake during pregnancy and lactation may be critical not just for fetal development but for establishing protective gut microbiota in infants that reduce long-term obesity risk. Clinicians should counsel pregnant and breastfeeding patients — especially those at risk of B12 deficiency (e.g., vegans, vegetarians) — on the importance of B12 supplementation."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","pmid":"42424050","title":"Nicotinamide and Risk of Glaucoma Within Large-Scale Commercially Available Data","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","source_score":7,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-15T13:26:06.134Z","updated_at":"2026-07-15T13:26:06.134Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"condition","value":"Glaucoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"generic","value":"nicotinamide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"warning","value":"Level of evidence assigned as 3 (observational cohort) by inference; confirm with full methods.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design inferred as retrospective cohort based on the phrase 'large-scale commercially available data' in the title; this should be verified against the full text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2622","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper abstract/full text was not provided — only the title, DOI, journal, and publication date were available. Summary fields are based solely on the title and known context of this research area; specific results, sample size, and quantitative outcomes could not be extracted. Key result and sample size tags have been omitted due to insufficient source data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This study evaluated whether nicotinamide (vitamin B3) use is associated with reduced risk of glaucoma, using large-scale commercially available health data.","limitations":"Reliance on commercially available (claims or EHR) data limits ability to confirm dosage, adherence, or indication for nicotinamide use; residual confounding by unmeasured variables is likely; causal inference cannot be drawn from observational design.","practice_takeaway":"Findings from large-scale real-world data may inform whether nicotinamide supplementation warrants consideration in glaucoma prevention, but clinicians should await confirmatory trial evidence before routinely recommending it."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","pmid":"42424069","title":"Nicotinamide Supplementation and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients With Ocular Hypertension","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","source_score":16,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-12T13:19:34.559Z","updated_at":"2026-07-12T13:19:34.559Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"condition","value":"Ocular Hypertension","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"condition","value":"Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"generic","value":"nicotinamide","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2920","value_numeric":2920},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"warning","value":"Nicotinamide and niacin are related but distinct compounds; the study excluded niacin users from controls, but the precise formulations used by nicotinamide-exposed patients are not described.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DOI references a 2026 publication date; this is a newly published study with no independent replication yet available.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.2472","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously — the effect size is large, but this is an observational study with unverified supplement dosing and potential for unmeasured confounding (e.g., health-conscious behavior bias).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This retrospective cohort study used propensity score-matched (1:1) EMR data from 67 US health systems (2006–2026) to evaluate whether systemic nicotinamide supplementation in adults with ocular hypertension (OHT) reduces risk of conversion to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and delays need for escalated treatment, compared to controls with no nicotinamide/niacin use over a mean follow-up of 3.7 years.","key_result":"POAG developed in 3.5% of the nicotinamide group vs 9.0% of controls (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.25–0.47; absolute risk reduction 5.5%). Initiation of topical IOP-lowering therapy was also lower (13.6% vs 21.2%; HR 0.57), as was laser trabeculoplasty (0.8% vs 1.9%; HR 0.38).","limitations":"- Observational design cannot establish causality; residual confounding likely despite propensity matching.\n- Nicotinamide dose, formulation, duration, and adherence were not captured from EMR data.\n- Supplement use may be under-documented in EMRs, risking misclassification of exposure or control status.","practice_takeaway":"In OHT patients, systemic nicotinamide was linked to a roughly two-thirds lower rate of POAG diagnosis over ~4 years — a clinically meaningful signal, but not yet proof of causation. Clinicians may consider discussing nicotinamide as an adjunct while awaiting prospective trial data."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","pmid":"41505112","title":"Proteomic Profile in Retinopathy of Prematurity","journal_title":"JAMA Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"2168-6165","published_at":"2026-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-10","doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","days":"7","issn":"2168-6165","rank":"10","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"3","category":"Ophthalmology","categories":["Ophthalmology"],"_categories":["Ophthalmology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","title":"Proteomic Profile in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Secondary Analysis of the Mega Donna Mega Randomized Clinical Trial.","journal":"JAMA ophthalmology","methods":"","results":"A total of 177 extremely preterm infants (mean [SD] GA, 25.6 [1.4] weeks; 100 male [56.5%]) were included, of whom 50 (28.2%) developed severe ROP. Of 538 longitudinal analyzed proteins, 109 protein profiles in the first month of life associated with severe ROP, proteins related to immune response, apoptotic processes, blood coagulation, and lipid metabolism. The most pronounced association with severe ROP was a fast rise in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21; β = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97; Q =.002) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.29; Q <.001) during the first postnatal days. The increase in serum FGF-21 level in the first week of life was associated with lower GA, lower birth weight, low enteral energy intake, and more days receiving mechanical ventilation. 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Prematurity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"generic","value":"arachidonic acid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"generic","value":"docosahexaenoic acid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=177","value_numeric":177},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Post Hoc Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design label is non-standard: this is a post hoc exploratory proteomic analysis within an RCT, not a randomized comparison for these outcomes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"warning","value":"Generalizability may be limited to similar tertiary neonatal settings in Sweden.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.5594","tag_type":"warning","value":"Reported β coefficients are from mixed-effects models and do not translate directly to absolute risk differences.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Exploratory, post hoc longitudinal proteomics of 177 extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks’ GA) from the MDM randomized trial assessed whether early (first month) serum protein trajectories were associated with later severe ROP and whether AA/DHA supplementation (100/50 mg/kg/day) altered the proteome.","key_result":"Severe ROP occurred in 50/177 (28.2%); 109 of 538 proteins showed first‑month profiles associated with severe ROP, with the strongest early rises in FGF‑21 (β=0.68; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97; Q=0.002) and tPA (β=0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.29; Q<0.001). Early‑week FGF‑21 increases correlated with lower GA, lower birth weight, low enteral energy intake, and more days on mechanical ventilation, and AA/DHA supplementation showed no association with the proteome.","limitations":"Post hoc, exploratory analysis within an RCT limits causal inference for proteomic associations; findings are from three centers in Sweden and may not generalize beyond this setting."}}],"initialOffset":6,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Nutritional Supplement"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Nutritional Supplement"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Nutritional Supplement"}}}]]

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