3b:I[281230,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0l5c-zsrs2aic.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3_n0rk2989-8h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ofw495lt1gr1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3tofdpg99uc12.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2rzojj6zgb9d9.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/42jxjvozn2thc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1jp6nkbajpbfs.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3jn_lf7v27x-6.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33qq2-hg37d0b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/15isb0svrppbz.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0asz50g5_lfq9.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30ia-cxa0yoyc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ghibkczd0agr.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20mjl75wrar8n.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3nxreg9fiyt2y.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0c04lgvo3p78i.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1u78gf_avpn77.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 3e:I[70339,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/355lxm8rh3fxr.js"],"IconMark"] 3c:T73c,Antifungals are the standard treatment for onychomycosis. However, oral antifungals present contraindications and potential drug-drug interactions, while topical antifungals suffer from limited efficacy and penetration. Recently, researchers have explored physical therapies, including laser and photodynamic therapy. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combining diode laser therapy with photodynamic therapy and ciclopirox 8% hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCH) nail lacquer in treating onychomycosis. We conducted a randomised controlled clinical trial involving patients with onychomycosis. A total of 26 patients were enrolled and followed for 12 months. Participants received either eight sessions of laser treatment combined with three sessions of photodynamic therapy, or daily treatment with ciclopirox 8% HPCH. The clinical cure rate was 94.1% in the group treated with laser and photodynamic therapy, compared to 53.3% in the group treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH (p = 0.008). All patients who achieved clinical cure with either treatment also reached mycologic and complete cure, with a rate of 100%. The average time to healing was significantly shorter for the group receiving laser and photodynamic therapy (3.6 ± 1.2 months) than for those treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH nail lacquer (9.2 ± 1.6 months) (p < 0.001). In the laser and photodynamic therapy group, adverse events, specifically subungual hematoma and blisters, occurred in 11.4% of patients, with a recurrence rate of 33.3%. No adverse events or recurrence were observed in patients treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH. Treatment of onychomycosis using diode laser and photodynamic therapy results in higher clinical cure rates and shorter healing times compared to the reference treatment with 8% ciclopirox HPCH. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05809297.3d:T9bb,ABSTRACTBackgroundAntifungals are the standard treatment for onychomycosis. However, oral antifungals present contraindications and potential drug–drug interactions, while topical antifungals suffer from limited efficacy and penetration. Recently, researchers have explored physical therapies, including laser and photodynamic therapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of combining diode laser therapy with photodynamic therapy and ciclopirox 8% hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCH) nail lacquer in treating onychomycosis.MethodsWe conducted a randomised controlled clinical trial involving patients with onychomycosis. A total of 26 patients were enrolled and followed for 12 months. Participants received either eight sessions of laser treatment combined with three sessions of photodynamic therapy, or daily treatment with ciclopirox 8% HPCH.ResultsThe clinical cure rate was 94.1% in the group treated with laser and photodynamic therapy, compared to 53.3% in the group treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH (p = 0.008). All patients who achieved clinical cure with either treatment also reached mycologic and complete cure, with a rate of 100%. The average time to healing was significantly shorter for the group receiving laser and photodynamic therapy (3.6 ± 1.2 months) than for those treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH nail lacquer (9.2 ± 1.6 months) (p < 0.001). In the laser and photodynamic therapy group, adverse events, specifically subungual hematoma and blisters, occurred in 11.4% of patients, with a recurrence rate of 33.3%. No adverse events or recurrence were observed in patients treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH.ConclusionsTreatment of onychomycosis using diode laser and photodynamic therapy results in higher clinical cure rates and shorter healing times compared to the reference treatment with 8% ciclopirox HPCH.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0580929728:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Photodynamic Therapy: Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Photodynamic Therapy (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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findings here underscore the need for specialist multimodal imaging before any intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2026.10.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"The association with pachychoroid disease spectrum is based on relatively recent and still-evolving evidence; pathogenesis conclusions should be interpreted cautiously","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2026.10.011","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review without a systematic search strategy or formal evidence grading; treatment recommendations are based on case series and small studies rather than randomized controlled trials","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A comprehensive narrative review of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR), covering its clinical features, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis (including links to choroidal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and pachychoroid disease spectrum), and management options.","key_result":"Most PEHCR cases are self-limiting and can be observed; for cases complicated by macular exudation, macular hemorrhage, or vitreous hemorrhage, treatment options include intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and cryotherapy.","limitations":"As a narrative review, it does not report original trial data, controlled comparisons, or quantitative outcomes for any specific treatment; evidence quality and patient-level data are not formally synthesized.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should be aware that hemorrhagic PEHCR can closely mimic choroidal melanoma and the exudative type can mimic vitreoretinal lymphoma, making careful multimodal imaging (FFA, ICGA, ultrasound) essential. Observation alone is appropriate for most cases, reserving anti-VEGF, laser, vitrectomy, photodynamic therapy, or cryotherapy for those with macular or vitreous complications."}},{"doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","pmid":"42860692","title":"The Clinical Significance of Polypoidal Lesion Regression in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy – A Review","journal_title":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"0882-0538","published_at":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-10-19T13:51:33.422Z","updated_at":"2026-10-19T13:51:33.422Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"brand","value":"Vabysmo","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"condition","value":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"generic","value":"aflibercept","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"generic","value":"faricimab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-VEGF Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"modality","value":"VEGF Bispecific Antibody","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"warning","value":"Access to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) varies widely across clinical settings, which limits generalizability of the PDT combination therapy recommendations","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'PCV paradox' concept and regression thresholds discussed are not yet universally standardized, and definitions of 'complete regression' may differ across cited trials","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2745913","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review without systematic search or meta-analytic methods, so conclusions reflect the authors' synthesis rather than pooled statistical estimates","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review evaluates the clinical significance of complete polypoidal lesion regression in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and synthesizes evidence on the efficacy of various treatments — anti-VEGF monotherapy, PDT combination therapy, faricimab, and high-dose aflibercept — in achieving durable anatomical clearance.","key_result":"Combination therapy (anti-VEGF plus photodynamic therapy) achieves complete polypoidal lesion regression rates up to 77.8% with lower injection burdens than monotherapy; newer agents (faricimab, high-dose aflibercept) also show improved anatomical outcomes, though persistent lesions remain a structural reservoir for recurrence and severe hemorrhage.","limitations":"As a narrative review, it is subject to selection bias and does not include a systematic meta-analysis; evidence is largely drawn from landmark trials that may not reflect real-world access to ICGA and PDT across diverse clinical settings.","practice_takeaway":"In PCV, aim for complete polypoidal lesion regression as a key endpoint alongside visual acuity and exudative control — PDT-based combination therapy is preferred where ICGA and PDT are available, while optimized treat-and-extend anti-VEGF regimens or newer agents (faricimab, high-dose aflibercept) are reasonable alternatives when those resources are not."}},{"doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","pmid":"42836509","title":"Clinical Efficacy of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Interferon Spray in Treating Common and Plantar Warts","journal_title":"Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine","journal_issn":"0905-4383","published_at":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.70111","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-10-14T13:51:23.016Z","updated_at":"2026-10-14T13:51:23.016Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"brand","value":"Fudan-Zhangjiang 5-ALA","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"condition","value":"Common Warts","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"condition","value":"Plantar Warts","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"generic","value":"aminolevulinic acid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"generic","value":"recombinant human interferon alpha 2b","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antiviral Spray","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cryotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=104","value_numeric":104},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only 6-month follow-up data are available; long-term recurrence rates (≥12 months) remain unknown","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"warning","value":"PDT-related pain was substantially higher than cryotherapy (mean VAS 6.13 vs. 4.19); patients must be counselled about this trade-off, and active pain mitigation is needed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"warning","value":"The combination regimen includes CO2 laser pre-treatment, 5-ALA-PDT, and rhIFN-α2b spray — all three components were given together, making it impossible to attribute efficacy to any single element","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/phpp.70111","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study excluded immunosuppressed patients and pregnant/lactating women, so findings may not apply to these populations","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This RCT (n=104, age 16–60) compared 5-ALA-PDT combined with rhIFN-α2b spray (after CO2 laser pre-treatment) versus liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in patients with common or plantar warts, across 3 treatment cycles with follow-up to 6 months.","key_result":"At 4 weeks post-treatment, complete recovery was 90.20% (PDT combo) vs. 62.26% (cryotherapy; p=0.002), and total effective rate was 96.08% vs. 77.36% (p=0.013). Recurrence at 6 months was dramatically lower: 4.35% vs. 39.39% (p=0.001). PDT caused significantly more pain (VAS 6.13 vs. 4.19) and burning sensations (90.20% vs. 13.21%), but fewer blisters (9.80% vs. 75.47%) and less scarring.","limitations":"Follow-up was only 6 months, leaving long-term recurrence unknown. The three-component regimen (CO2 laser + 5-ALA-PDT + rhIFN-α2b) was tested as a bundle without separate arms, so individual contributions cannot be disentangled. Single-center design limits generalizability.","practice_takeaway":"For patients with refractory or multiple common/plantar warts, 5-ALA-PDT plus rhIFN-α2b spray (after CO2 laser ablation) offers substantially higher clearance and far lower recurrence than cryotherapy, but clinicians should counsel patients that treatment pain is significantly greater and implement active pain management strategies."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","pmid":"42680631","title":"International Papillomavirus Society statement on reputed treatments for human papillomavirus infection and human papillomavirus-related diseases: evidence, risks, and standards for clinical evaluation","journal_title":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","journal_issn":"1048-891X","published_at":"2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-09-09T06:21:06.315Z","updated_at":"2026-09-09T06:21:06.315Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"condition","value":"Anogenital Warts","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"condition","value":"Human Papillomavirus Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"condition","value":"Oropharyngeal Cancer","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"generic","value":"fluorouracil","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"generic","value":"sinecatechins","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"modality","value":"Immune Modulator","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"modality","value":"Molecular Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"modality","value":"Therapeutic Vaccine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"modality","value":"Topical Antiviral","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size is applicable as this is a review article, not a primary study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper is a society statement, which may reflect consensus or expert opinion in areas where trial data are sparse.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104950","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative (non-systematic) review; evidence grading reflects the authors' structured framework rather than a formal GRADE or PRISMA process.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A narrative review evaluated currently available and emerging interventions promoted for treating HPV infection or HPV-related lesions — including topical agents, oral formulations, immunotherapies, therapeutic vaccines, molecular inhibitors, and commercial products — using a structured evidence-evaluation framework synthesizing clinical trials, systematic reviews, guidelines, and health technology assessments.","key_result":"No therapy has demonstrated proven, durable efficacy in eradicating HPV infection itself. Immune modulators and sinecatechins are approved only for external anogenital warts without reliably eliminating underlying infection; 5-fluorouracil showed efficacy for CIN regression in specific RCT contexts but is not a validated antiviral. Photodynamic therapy, intralesional immunotherapy, therapeutic vaccines, and molecular inhibitors remain investigational. Probiotics, nutritional supplements, and vaginal gels lack robust evidence.","limitations":"Narrative (non-systematic) review design limits reproducibility and introduces selection bias. No meta-analysis or pooled effect sizes are provided. Evidence quality across included interventions varies widely, and many studies reviewed were likely heterogeneous in population and endpoints.","practice_takeaway":"Until a proven HPV-eradicating therapy exists, clinicians should rely on surveillance, evidence-based treatment of precancerous lesions, vaccination, and screening — and should counsel patients that commercially marketed HPV 'clearance' products lack robust supporting evidence. Use the paper's structured framework when evaluating new or emerging interventions promoted for HPV."}},{"doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","pmid":"42423358","title":"Recurrence of Basal Cell Carcinoma across Different Treatment Modalities: A Nationwide Study with 8 Years of Follow-up and Modelled Prediction","journal_title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica","journal_issn":"1651-2057","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-17T13:24:20.288Z","updated_at":"2026-07-17T13:24:20.288Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"condition","value":"Basal Cell Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"generic","value":"5-aminolevulinic acid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"generic","value":"imiquimod","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"generic","value":"methyl aminolevulinate","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cryotherapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"modality","value":"Curettage","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"modality","value":"Surgical Excision","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"modality","value":"Topical Immunomodulator","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=131119","value_numeric":131119},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"warning","value":"5-fluorouracil analysis was limited to sBCC with very small numbers (n=157), and results are explicitly flagged as unreliable by the authors.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"warning","value":"Median follow-up was only ~1 year (IQR 0.6–2.1 for nBCC), meaning long-term CRRs at 8 years are based on progressively smaller at-risk populations; interpret extended CRRs with caution.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"warning","value":"PDT results for nBCC were stratified by calendar year due to non-proportional hazards; the year-to-year HR range (1.10–1.91) reflects possible operator-dependent variation after 2019 guideline changes.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0064","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is applied cautiously — the study is observational with inherent treatment selection bias, and results may not fully generalize outside Denmark given different training and guideline contexts.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Nationwide Danish registry study (2014–2024) comparing 8-year cumulative recurrence rates (CRRs) of nodular BCC (nBCC, n=100,221) and superficial BCC (sBCC, n=30,898) across five treatment modalities: standard excision (SE), curettage, cryotherapy, PDT, and imiquimod; a machine-learning (boosted decision tree) model also identified predictors of 2-year recurrence.","key_result":"For nBCC, SE had the lowest 8-year CRR (margin <4 mm: 16.5%; ≥4 mm: 13.0%) vs. curettage (25.3%), PDT (36.9%), cryotherapy (2-yr CRR 21.1%), and imiquimod (2-yr CRR 14.9%); SE showed 20% lower hazard than curettage (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76–0.84). For sBCC, SE and curettage had equivalent 8-year CRRs (both 16.3%), while PDT had the highest CRR (36.3%). Key ML predictors of 2-year recurrence were facial location, larger tumour size, high number of hospital-registered diagnoses, and short distance to a dermatology clinic (ROC AUC 0.68 for nBCC, 0.71 for sBCC).","limitations":"- One-third of BCCs (57,544) were excluded for missing follow-up, risking overestimation of recurrence rates.\n- Treatment selection bias is inherent (tumour traits and cosmetic considerations drive modality choice), and residual confounding cannot be ruled out despite multivariable adjustment.\n- ML models lacked tumour images, histological depth/thickness, and margin status, limiting predictive accuracy (AUC 0.68–0.71).","practice_takeaway":"For nBCC, SE—especially with ≥4 mm margins—offers meaningfully lower recurrence than curettage or PDT and should be preferred when feasible. For sBCC, curettage is a reasonable, less resource-intensive alternative to SE given equivalent 8-year recurrence rates; PDT, cryotherapy, and imiquimod carry higher recurrence hazard and warrant careful patient selection."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","pmid":"42177930","title":"Morphologic Staging of Photoreceptor Damage as a Predictor of Visual Recovery After PDT in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","journal_title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","journal_issn":"0002-9394","published_at":"2026-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","source_score":3,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-30T13:22:40.887Z","updated_at":"2026-05-30T13:22:40.887Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"brand","value":"Visudyne","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"category","value":"Ophthalmology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"condition","value":"Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"generic","value":"verteporfin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=139","value_numeric":139},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Retrospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"warning","value":"86.5% of the cohort was male, consistent with CSC epidemiology but limiting generalizability to female patients.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"warning","value":"PDT regimen (half-dose vs half-fluence) was incompletely recorded; differential effects of the two regimens cannot be excluded.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample sizes in extreme stages (Stage 1A: n=6; Stage 5: n=8) are small, so stage-specific estimates carry wide uncertainty.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.020","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the introduction of a novel reproducible staging system with strong prognostic data, but prospective external validation is pending — clinicians should interpret with that caveat.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A six-stage SD-OCT photoreceptor morphology staging system (ellipsoid zone + interdigitation zone integrity, central 1 mm) was evaluated as a predictor of anatomical and visual outcomes in 139 eyes from 126 patients with chronic CSC treated with half-dose or half-fluence verteporfin PDT, with follow-up to 6 months.","key_result":"SRF resolved in 58% of eyes (81/139) within 6 months. In multivariable Cox regression, only symptom duration predicted anatomical success (HR 0.97/month, p=0.023). Among responders, visual recovery declined stepwise with worse photoreceptor stage: ΔBCVA was –0.117 logMAR at Stage 3 (p=0.005), –0.310 at Stage 4 (p<0.001), and –0.717 at Stage 5 (p<0.001) vs Stage 1A. Final BCVA was independently predicted by photoreceptor stage (Stages 3–5, all p≤0.035) and baseline BCVA (p<0.001); adjusted R²≈0.90.","limitations":"Retrospective design with variable, clinician-driven follow-up intervals. PDT regimen (half-dose vs half-fluence) was incompletely documented and could not be adjusted for. Visual function limited to BCVA; contrast sensitivity, microperimetry, and metamorphopsia were not assessed.","practice_takeaway":"Grade photoreceptor integrity on SD-OCT before PDT in chronic CSC: Stages 1A–2 define the optimal treatment window with meaningful visual gain, while Stages 4–5 signal irreversible damage where anatomical success rarely translates to functional recovery. Shorter symptom duration is the key driver of SRF resolution, so early referral for PDT matters."}},{"doi":"10.1111/myc.70121","pmid":"41024682","title":"Diode Laser and Red‐Laser Photodynamic Therapy Versus Ciclopirox 8% HPCH Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial","journal_title":"Mycoses","journal_issn":"0933-7407","published_at":"2025-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.70121","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-10-05","doi":"10.1111/myc.70121","days":"7","issn":"0933-7407","rank":"9","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"1","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/myc.70121","title":"Diode Laser and Red-Laser Photodynamic Therapy Versus Ciclopirox 8% HPCH Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial.","journal":"Mycoses","methods":"","results":"The clinical cure rate was 94.1% in the group treated with laser and photodynamic therapy, compared to 53.3% in the group treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH (p = 0.008). All patients who achieved clinical cure with either treatment also reached mycologic and complete cure, with a rate of 100%. The average time to healing was significantly shorter for the group receiving laser and photodynamic therapy (3.6 ± 1.2 months) than for those treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH nail lacquer (9.2 ± 1.6 months) (p < 0.001). In the laser and photodynamic therapy group, adverse events, specifically subungual hematoma and blisters, occurred in 11.4% of patients, with a recurrence rate of 33.3%. No adverse events or recurrence were observed in patients treated with ciclopirox 8% HPCH.","abstract":"$3c","keywords":["ciclopirox","laser","onychomycosis","photodynamic therapy","toluidine","topical antifungal","treatment"],"pubmed_id":"41024682","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-09-30T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/myc.70121","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.70121","ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"link":[{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/myc.70121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":"10","score":1,"title":["Diode Laser and Red‐Laser Photodynamic Therapy Versus Ciclopirox 8% HPCH Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial"],"author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"García‐Oreja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Álvaro‐Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Navarro‐Pérez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"León‐Herce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Aroa","family":"Tardáguila‐García","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"José Luis","family":"Lázaro‐Martínez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatry Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) Madrid Spain"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":"68","archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2025-09-30T07:39:48Z","timestamp":1759217988000,"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:53:38Z","timestamp":1759334018298,"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000,"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$3d","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/myc.70121"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-07-23"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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Time to healing was shorter with laser+PDT (3.6±1.2 vs 9.2±1.6 months; p<0.001); adverse events occurred in 11.4% of treated nails (all laser+PDT; subungual hematoma/blisters) and recurrences occurred in 6/24 cured nails (33.3% of laser+PDT patients), with none in the ciclopirox group.","limitations":"Small, single-center, open-label study with all procedures performed by one podiatrist. Microbiologic cultures were only repeated in clinically cured nails, which may overstate mycologic cure. Post‑treatment observation time and visit intensity differed between groups, potentially affecting recurrence and adherence.","practice_takeaway":"For adults who cannot take oral antifungals, an 8‑session diode laser plus red‑laser PDT protocol achieved higher clinical cure and faster healing than daily ciclopirox 8% HPCH, but with mild local adverse events and more recurrences in this small RCT. Consider selectively, pending confirmation in larger, blinded, multicenter trials."}}],"initialOffset":7,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Photodynamic Therapy"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Photodynamic Therapy"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Photodynamic Therapy"}}}]] 2b:null 2f:[["$","title","0",{"children":"Photodynamic Therapy: Research & Clinical Takeaways | ReachRx"}],["$","meta","1",{"name":"description","content":"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Photodynamic Therapy (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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