2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:Tb1d,Resistance exercise training (RET) leads to marked interindividual heterogeneity in the hypertrophic response. Whether such heterogeneity is due to endogenous (i.e. inherent biological factors) or exogenous variables (i.e. external load) has not been firmly established. Twenty healthy young male participants completed thrice-weekly resistance exercise sessions for 10 weeks. Each participant had their legs and arms randomly assigned to perform unilateral bicep curls or knee extensions with either a higher (heavier) load (HL: 8-12 repetitions; ∼70%-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)) or, in the contralateral limb, lower load (LL: 20-25 repetitions at ∼30%-40% 1RM) for three sets to volitional fatigue during each session. Fat- and bone-free mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle size (ultrasonography and muscle biopsies) and strength were measured pretraining and at 10 weeks. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis, and we used ingested deuterated water to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) at weeks 1 and 10 during training. Despite considerable interindividual variability in hypertrophic responses, we observed that muscle hypertrophy following RET was relatively well conserved within versus between subjects and was unaffected by load. Rates of MyoPS in weeks 1 and 10 of training were increased relative to rest (Week 1: Δ0.27 ± 0.11, P < 0.0001; Week 10: Δ0.10 ± 0.14%/d, P = 0.009); however, MyoPS was attenuated in week 10 versus week 1 (Δ0.16 ± 0.18%/d, P < 0.001). MyoPS rates were less heterogenous within versus between individuals. Variation in RET-induced muscle hypertrophy occurred independent of external load and was relatively well conserved (i.e., retention of the hypertrophic response) across different anatomical limbs within an individual. KEY POINTS: Considerable interindividual variability exists in resistance exercise training (RET)-induced muscle hypertrophy. However we observed that RET-induced muscle hypertrophy is relatively conserved within an individual (i.e. between the upper- and lower body) and is independent of external load when RET is performed to volitional fatigue. Changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates are comparable with both higher and lower loads but are blunted following a period of RET despite progressive overload. There is negligible shared variance between RET-induced increases in muscle size and strength. Additionally, there are limited relationships between measures used to assess RET-induced muscle hypertrophy. We conclude that when effort is matched (i.e. working to volitional muscular fatigue), RET-induced hypertrophy is mediated to a far greater degree by inherent endogenous biological factors, which account for a large proportion of the heterogeneity between individuals.31:T123d, Abstract Resistance exercise training (RET) leads to marked interindividual heterogeneity in the hypertrophic response. Whether such heterogeneity is due to endogenous (i.e. inherent biological factors) or exogenous variables (i.e. external load) has not been firmly established. Twenty healthy young male participants completed thrice‐weekly resistance exercise sessions for 10 weeks. Each participant had their legs and arms randomly assigned to perform unilateral bicep curls or knee extensions with either a higher (heavier) load (HL: 8–12 repetitions; ∼70%–80% of one‐repetition maximum (1RM)) or, in the contralateral limb, lower load (LL: 20–25 repetitions at ∼30%–40% 1RM) for three sets to volitional fatigue during each session. Fat‐ and bone‐free mass (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), muscle size (ultrasonography and muscle biopsies) and strength were measured pretraining and at 10 weeks. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis, and we used ingested deuterated water to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) at weeks 1 and 10 during training. Despite considerable interindividual variability in hypertrophic responses, we observed that muscle hypertrophy following RET was relatively well conserved within versus between subjects and was unaffected by load. Rates of MyoPS in weeks 1 and 10 of training were increased relative to rest (Week 1: Δ0.27 ± 0.11, P < 0.0001; Week 10: Δ0.10 ± 0.14%/d, P = 0.009); however, MyoPS was attenuated in week 10 versus week 1 (Δ0.16 ± 0.18%/d, P < 0.001). MyoPS rates were less heterogenous within versus between individuals. Variation in RET‐induced muscle hypertrophy occurred independent of external load and was relatively well conserved (i.e., retention of the hypertrophic response) across different anatomical limbs within an individual.

image

Key points

Considerable interindividual variability exists in resistance exercise training (RET)‐induced muscle hypertrophy. However we observed that RET‐induced muscle hypertrophy is relatively conserved within an individual (i.e. between the upper‐ and lower body) and is independent of external load when RET is performed to volitional fatigue.

Changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates are comparable with both higher and lower loads but are blunted following a period of RET despite progressive overload.

There is negligible shared variance between RET‐induced increases in muscle size and strength. Additionally, there are limited relationships between measures used to assess RET‐induced muscle hypertrophy.

We conclude that when effort is matched (i.e. working to volitional muscular fatigue), RET‐induced hypertrophy is mediated to a far greater degree by inherent endogenous biological factors, which account for a large proportion of the heterogeneity between individuals.

25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Resistance Training: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Resistance Training (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Clinical recommendations should be weighed accordingly.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This commentary argues that skeletal muscle strength, physical function, and exercise capacity should be treated as formal clinical and research outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) care — complementing, not replacing, glycaemic metrics.","key_result":"Evidence suggests people with T1D show reduced muscle strength, impaired mitochondrial function, altered muscle morphology, and lower exercise capacity — consistent with accelerated neuromuscular ageing even without major overt complications. Resistance training trials in both adults and youth with T1D show strength gains without increasing adverse glycaemic events.","limitations":"- This is an expert commentary, not a systematic review; no new primary data are presented.\n- Proposed biological mechanisms (cGAS–STING, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, Piezo1) remain largely preclinical and unproven specifically in T1D.\n- Whether improvements in muscle outcomes translate to long-term cardiometabolic or glycaemic benefit has not been established.","practice_takeaway":"Consider adding simple muscle function assessments — such as handgrip dynamometry and sit-to-stand tests — to routine T1D care, especially in older adults, those with neuropathy, or patients with poor body composition despite acceptable HbA1c.\nResistance training is already guideline-recommended; the gap is that muscle strength and physical function are rarely *measured* or *treated* as therapeutic targets."}},{"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","pmid":"42565788","title":"A peripheral perspective on brain health: vascular and skeletal muscle contributions","journal_title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology","journal_issn":"0363-6135","published_at":"2026-08-07T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","source_score":18,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-13T13:23:12.630Z","updated_at":"2026-08-13T13:23:12.630Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"category","value":"Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alzheimer's Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"condition","value":"Arterial Stiffness","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cognitive Impairment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"condition","value":"Dementia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"modality","value":"Lifestyle Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2026","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a narrative review published just days ago (August 7, 2026); it has not yet accumulated citations and its clinical trial synthesis has not been peer-replicated. The DOI suffix references '2026' in an unusual format — confirm journal provenance before citing. No sample size applies as this is a review article.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review synthesizes evidence on how skeletal muscle and peripheral vasculature communicate with the brain — a proposed 'muscle-vascular-brain axis' — and how dysfunction in these systems contributes to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).","key_result":"Skeletal muscle influences brain health via myokine release, motor neuron activity, and metabolic signaling, which modulate neuroplasticity, mitochondrial function, and inflammation; peripheral vascular properties (e.g., arterial stiffness, reactive hyperemia) independently affect cerebral perfusion and blood-brain barrier permeability, collectively raising or lowering ADRD risk.","limitations":"As a narrative review, it does not perform systematic search or meta-analysis, limiting quantitative conclusions. Causal directionality within the muscle-vascular-brain axis remains incompletely established. Reviewed clinical trials are heterogeneous in design and population.","practice_takeaway":"Resistance training and other lifestyle interventions that target skeletal muscle and vascular function may help preserve cognitive health across the lifespan. Clinicians managing patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disease should consider cognitive risk as part of a whole-system picture."}},{"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","pmid":"42502137","title":"Non-pharmacological treatment of MASLD","journal_title":"Diabetologia","journal_issn":"0012-186X","published_at":"2026-07-25T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","source_score":10,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:50.864Z","updated_at":"2026-07-31T13:36:50.864Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatic Steatosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"3","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aerobic Exercise","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Dietary Modification","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"High-Intensity Interval Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Lifestyle Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review / Narrative Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Many cited meta-analyses used older NAFLD/NASH nomenclature rather than MASLD, which may reflect heterogeneous patient populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size cannot be determined from the provided content; tag omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design classification is ambiguous: the abstract describes a narrative review, but the supplementary material summarises findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses; tagged as Systematic Review / Narrative Review accordingly.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06811-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The full text provided is only the supplementary table (ESM Table 1) with its references, not the complete review article body — key result data are drawn from cited meta-analyses, not primary study data collected by the authors.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This review examines the evidence for non-pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions in MASLD, covering dietary modification, physical activity/exercise, sleep, and circadian rhythm changes, with a focus on weight loss strategies and their effects on hepatic and cardiometabolic outcomes.","key_result":"Combined diet and exercise yields the largest improvements: ALT reduction (MD −13.27), HOMA-IR reduction (MD −2.07), and ~50% intrahepatic lipid (IHL) reduction vs ~30% with exercise alone. Aerobic exercise alone reduced IHL (SMD −0.98). Exercise shows a dose-dependent reduction in risk of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.","limitations":"- Long-term adherence to lifestyle changes is suboptimal, limiting durability of benefits.\n- Significant individual variability in treatment response; validated biomarkers for personalised approaches are lacking.\n- Evidence is largely based on prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses of heterogeneous trials (many using older NAFLD nomenclature), which may affect precision of effect estimates.","practice_takeaway":"Combine energy-restricted diet with regular exercise for the greatest liver and metabolic benefit in MASLD — even modest weight loss helps. Exercise reduces liver fat partly independent of weight loss, so it should be prescribed regardless of scale results."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","pmid":"42329652","title":"Long-Term Resistance Training and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes","journal_title":"JAMA Network Open","journal_issn":"2574-3805","published_at":"2026-06-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","source_score":199,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-28T13:26:59.431Z","updated_at":"2026-06-28T13:26:59.431Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aerobic Exercise","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=143715","value_numeric":143715},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"warning","value":"T2D ascertainment relied on supplementary questionnaires confirmed in subsamples; formal validation of non-cases was not performed, though health professional status reduces likelihood of long-term undiagnosed T2D.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously—this is observational evidence; randomized trial confirmation of these specific long-term patterns is lacking.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19420","tag_type":"warning","value":"Trajectory analysis was restricted to NHS II only (not the full pooled cohort), as NHS participants were mostly ≥60 years old after 2002 and HPFS resistance training questions changed across cycles; trajectory HRs may not fully generalize to men or older women.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This pooled prospective cohort study (NHS, NHS II, HPFS; n=143,715 US adult health professionals; mean follow-up 19.2 years) examined how long-term resistance training volume, consistency, and trajectory between ages 40–60 years associate with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), and assessed joint effects with aerobic activity and sedentary TV viewing.","key_result":"Engaging in ≥2 h/wk of resistance training was associated with 27% lower T2D risk (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.66–0.81) vs. none. Consistently high resistance training (≥0.5 h/wk across midlife) yielded a 42% risk reduction (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.45–0.74). Meeting all three recommendations—aerobic activity (≥15 MET-h/wk), resistance training (≥1 h/wk), and limited TV viewing (<2 h/d)—was associated with a 62% lower T2D risk (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.34–0.42) vs. meeting none. 10,038 incident T2D cases occurred across 1.84 million+ person-years.","limitations":"- Cohort is predominantly White US health professionals, limiting generalizability to broader populations.\n- Resistance training was self-reported and not directly validated in NHS or NHS II (only a subsample of HPFS); measurement error and recall bias are possible.\n- Adiposity variables (waist circumference, intentional weight loss) were not consistently time-updated, so residual confounding by body composition pathways cannot be excluded.","practice_takeaway":"Encourage patients to start or maintain resistance training consistently through midlife—even ≥0.5 h/wk is beneficial, and combining it with regular aerobic activity and less than 2 hours of daily TV provides the greatest T2D risk reduction. It's never too late to add resistance training: a low-to-high trajectory still conferred a 21% lower T2D risk."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","pmid":"42307492","title":"Resistance Training, Aerobic Activity, Television Viewing, and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events in U.S. Women","journal_title":"JACC","journal_issn":"0735-1097","published_at":"2026-06-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","source_score":212,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-24T13:21:33.984Z","updated_at":"2026-06-24T13:21:33.984Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"category","value":"Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"condition","value":"Myocardial Infarction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"condition","value":"Stroke","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aerobic Exercise","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=117025","value_numeric":117025},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Prospective Cohort Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"warning","value":"Resistance training details (intensity, load, type of equipment) were not captured, so optimal training parameters cannot be specified from this data.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'impact_flag' of practice_changing is applied cautiously — findings are observational and cannot establish causation, but the large sample, long follow-up, and dose-response relationship strengthen the clinical signal.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.036","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study population consists entirely of female nurses in the U.S., which may limit generalizability to men or non-nursing professions.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This prospective cohort study examined whether long-term resistance training is associated with major CVD risk in 117,025 U.S. women from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II, with up to 5 repeated physical activity assessments over a mean 14.5 years of follow-up (2002–2020). Joint associations with aerobic activity, sedentary TV viewing, and training characteristics (consistency, limb type) were also evaluated.","key_result":"5,459 major CVD events occurred. Women doing ≥2 h/wk of resistance training had a 20% lower risk of major CVD vs. none (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.92); each additional 1 h/wk conferred a 5% lower risk. Benefit was strongest for MI (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.41–0.76) but absent for stroke (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.80–1.23). Women meeting all three recommendations — aerobic activity (≥15 MET-h/wk), resistance training (≥1 h/wk), and low TV viewing (<2 h/d) — had the lowest risk (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.53–0.69).","limitations":"- Observational design limits causal inference; residual confounding cannot be excluded.\n- Resistance training was self-reported every 4 years with no data on intensity, load, or modality.\n- Study population is predominantly female nurses, limiting generalizability to other demographic groups.","practice_takeaway":"Encourage women patients to add at least 1–2 h/wk of resistance training on top of aerobic exercise and to limit TV viewing to under 2 h/d — this combination was linked to a 40% lower major CVD risk. Consistency matters: maintaining resistance training for ≥75% of follow-up and training both upper and lower limbs were tied to the strongest benefit."}},{"doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","pmid":"42170692","title":"Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity: An Umbrella Review With Meta‐Analyses","journal_title":"Obesity Reviews","journal_issn":"1467-7881","published_at":"2026-05-22T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70171","source_score":21,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:24.737Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T13:24:24.737Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adolescent","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"condition","value":"Overweight","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pediatric Obesity","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=5112","value_numeric":5112},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"warning","value":"Cardiometabolic benefits (cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, fasting insulin) were only statistically significant in subgroup analyses versus inactive controls — not versus active comparators — so RT's advantage over other active interventions remains uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"warning","value":"'Practice_changing' impact flag applied cautiously: results confirm and strengthen prior evidence supporting RT in pediatric obesity, though absolute effect sizes on body composition are modest.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70171","tag_type":"warning","value":"The umbrella review design means findings are constrained by the quality and heterogeneity of included systematic reviews and their primary studies; individual RT protocols likely varied considerably.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This umbrella review with meta-analyses evaluated the effects of resistance training (RT) versus non-RT controls on body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, synthesizing 16 systematic reviews (67 primary studies, 5,112 participants) with subgroup analyses by comparator type, training frequency, duration, and age group.","key_result":"RT significantly reduced percent body fat (MD: −0.53%; 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.06) and increased fat-free/lean mass (MD: +0.48 kg; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.74); muscular strength improved consistently across all subgroups; and versus inactive controls, RT also improved cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, and fasting insulin.","limitations":"Effect sizes on body composition were modest in absolute terms; cardiometabolic benefits (cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, fasting insulin) were only significant versus inactive — not active — controls, limiting conclusions about RT's unique value over other exercise; underlying primary studies likely vary in RT protocols, intensity, and supervision quality.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians and school health programs should consider adding structured resistance training for children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, as it reliably improves body composition and muscle strength and offers added cardiometabolic benefit over no exercise. Even low-frequency RT (1–2 sessions/week) appears beneficial, making it feasible for school- and community-based settings."}},{"doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","pmid":"42036935","title":"Efficacy of Exercise‐Based Interventions for Metabolic Syndrome: An Umbrella Review With Meta‐Analyses","journal_title":"Obesity Reviews","journal_issn":"1467-7881","published_at":"2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70144","source_score":39,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:56.219Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:56.219Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"condition","value":"Metabolic Syndrome","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"modality","value":"Aerobic Exercise","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"modality","value":"Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"modality","value":"High-Intensity Interval Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"modality","value":"Mind-Body Exercise","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=9639","value_numeric":9639},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Umbrella Review with Meta-Analyses","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"warning","value":"Individual-level data on age, sex distribution, and baseline MetS severity were not reported in the abstract, limiting assessment of subgroup applicability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag reflects the comprehensive scope and largest-to-date synthesis claim, but should be interpreted in the context of the umbrella review design's inherent methodological constraints.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/obr.70144","tag_type":"warning","value":"The umbrella review design aggregates systematic reviews, so overlapping primary studies across included reviews cannot be fully ruled out, which may affect the precision of pooled estimates.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This umbrella review with meta-analyses evaluated exercise-based interventions (aerobic, HIIT, resistance, mind-body, and combined aerobic + resistance training) for improving metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with MetS, synthesizing 12 systematic reviews with meta-analyses (122 primary studies, 9,639 participants) from inception to May 2025.","key_result":"All exercise modalities significantly improved MetS components (all p < 0.001). Combined aerobic + resistance training showed the largest effects vs. usual care: FBG −0.73 mmol/L, TG −0.26 mmol/L, SBP −4.25 mmHg, and DBP −3.69 mmHg. Aerobic and mind-body exercises improved all five MetS components; resistance, HIIT, and combined training improved specific components.","limitations":"Umbrella review design limits assessment of individual primary study quality; significant heterogeneity across included reviews is likely given the breadth of exercise modalities and populations; secondary outcomes were inconsistently reported across reviews, restricting comparisons.","practice_takeaway":"Combined aerobic and resistance training produces the greatest across-the-board improvements in MetS components and should be the preferred first-line exercise prescription for patients with MetS. When combined training is not feasible, aerobic or mind-body exercise alone can still improve all five MetS components."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","pmid":"41610852","title":"Blood-flow restriction resistance training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes","journal_title":"Cell Metabolism","journal_issn":"1550-4131","published_at":"2026-01-28T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","source_score":106,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:48.312Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:48.312Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"condition","value":"Type 2 Diabetes","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"modality","value":"Blood-Flow Restriction Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Randomized Controlled Trial","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size (total N) is not reported in the abstract; the sample_size tag could not be populated.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is inferred as RCT based on comparative intervention language; the abstract does not explicitly use the term 'randomized'.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016","tag_type":"warning","value":"The impact_flag 'practice_changing' is applied cautiously — findings are novel and mechanistically robust, but await replication in larger and more diverse T2D populations.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A 12-week randomized trial comparing low-load blood-flow restriction training (BFRT) vs. conventional resistance training (CREST) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), evaluating effects on muscle strength, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors.","key_result":"BFRT matched CREST for muscle strength gains despite lower workload, while uniquely improving muscle and adipose tissue oxidative capacity, increasing muscle mitochondrial content, and preferentially reducing visceral adipose tissue volume and waist circumference. Both interventions lowered resting heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. CREST more effectively reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue volume.","limitations":"Full sample size and specific participant demographics are not reported in the abstract; long-term durability of benefits beyond 12 weeks is unknown; the study does not include an endurance-training comparator arm.","practice_takeaway":"For patients with T2D who struggle with high-load exercise, BFRT offers a lower-intensity option that builds muscle strength and improves mitochondrial function simultaneously. Consider BFRT particularly for patients where visceral fat reduction and metabolic improvement are primary goals."}},{"doi":"10.1113/jp289684","pmid":"41474371","title":"Resistance training load does not determine resistance training‐induced hypertrophy across upper and lower limbs in healthy young males","journal_title":"The Journal of Physiology","journal_issn":"0022-3751","published_at":"2025-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jp289684","source_score":512,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-31","doi":"10.1113/jp289684","days":"30","issn":"0022-3751","rank":"1","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"512","category":"Neurosciences","categories":["Neurosciences"],"_categories":["Neurosciences"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1113/JP289684","title":"Resistance training load does not determine resistance training-induced hypertrophy across upper and lower limbs in healthy young males.","journal":"The Journal of 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Outcomes were DXA fat- and bone-free mass, ultrasound and biopsy measures of muscle size, strength, and vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis (via deuterated water) during weeks 1 and 10.","key_result":"Muscle hypertrophy did not differ between higher- and lower-load training and was conserved within individuals across upper and lower limbs despite wide between-person variability. MyoPS rose versus rest in week 1 (Δ0.27 ± 0.11; P<0.0001) and week 10 (Δ0.10 ± 0.14%/d; P=0.009), was lower in week 10 vs week 1 (Δ0.16 ± 0.18%/d; P<0.001), showed less heterogeneity within than between individuals, and size and strength gains shared negligible variance with limited concordance across hypertrophy measures.","limitations":"Small, male-only sample (n=20). MyoPS was assessed from the vastus lateralis only while both arm and leg were trained. Findings apply to sets performed to volitional fatigue; other effort levels were not examined.","practice_takeaway":"When training to volitional fatigue, low loads (~30%–40% 1RM for 20–25 reps) can build muscle as well as higher loads (~70%–80% 1RM for 8–12 reps) in healthy young men. Do not assume size gains will mirror strength gains; assess both outcomes directly."}}],"initialOffset":9,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Resistance Training"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Resistance Training"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Resistance Training"}}}]]

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