2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T49a,The search yielded 96 studies (1954-2025) documenting 134 patients. The number of reports has notably increased since the 21st century; however, diagnosis remains challenging due to possible dermatophyte adaptation in the dermal/subcutaneous environment. Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequently isolated pathogen. Acquired immunodeficiencies (e.g. renal transplant recipients) and primary immunodeficiencies (e.g. CARD9, STAT3 mutations) elevate the risk of deep dermatophytosis. Systemic dissemination, often accompanied by lymphadenopathy, was reported in 24 patients, with the most common being infection of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Infections of the bones, lungs, and brain were also reported. Terbinafine (125-1000 mg/day) and itraconazole (100-400 mg/day), with adjunctive topical antifungals and surgical interventions, have been tried for deep dermatophytosis. The use of newer triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole) should follow the principles of antifungal stewardship and therapeutic drug monitoring recommendations. Multidrug resistance is a potential concern in immunocompromised patients who will often require extended or lifelong treatment.31:T89b,Dermatophytes-a group of obligate keratinophilic fungi that infect the skin, hair and nails-represent the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. In immunocompromised individuals, a growing body of literature has documented rare instances of dermatophyte infections of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, which can lead to deep dermatophytosis with systemic dissemination and pseudomycetoma as secondary complications. To assess patient characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic evidence and treatment options for deep dermatophytosis. A systematic review was conducted in June 2025 to identify patients presenting with deep dermatophytosis of the glabrous skin; all cases were validated by confirmatory testing per histopathologic examination and fungal culture. Majocchi's granuloma diagnoses were excluded. The search yielded 96 studies (1954-2025) documenting 134 patients. The number of reports has notably increased since the 21st century; however, diagnosis remains challenging due to possible dermatophyte adaptation in the dermal/subcutaneous environment. Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequently isolated pathogen. Acquired immunodeficiencies (e.g. renal transplant recipients) and primary immunodeficiencies (e.g. CARD9, STAT3 mutations) elevate the risk of deep dermatophytosis. Systemic dissemination, often accompanied by lymphadenopathy, was reported in 24 patients, with the most common being infection of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Infections of the bones, lungs, and brain were also reported. Terbinafine (125-1000 mg/day) and itraconazole (100-400 mg/day), with adjunctive topical antifungals and surgical interventions, have been tried for deep dermatophytosis. The use of newer triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole) should follow the principles of antifungal stewardship and therapeutic drug monitoring recommendations. Multidrug resistance is a potential concern in immunocompromised patients who will often require extended or lifelong treatment. Healthcare providers should be cognizant that dermatophytosis may become invasive and disseminated in immunocompromised populations. Testing and early treatment should not be overlooked in these patients.32:Ta45,AbstractBackgroundDermatophytes—a group of obligate keratinophilic fungi that infect the skin, hair and nails—represent the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. In immunocompromised individuals, a growing body of literature has documented rare instances of dermatophyte infections of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, which can lead to deep dermatophytosis with systemic dissemination and pseudomycetoma as secondary complications.ObjectivesTo assess patient characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic evidence and treatment options for deep dermatophytosis.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in June 2025 to identify patients presenting with deep dermatophytosis of the glabrous skin; all cases were validated by confirmatory testing per histopathologic examination and fungal culture. Majocchi's granuloma diagnoses were excluded.ResultsThe search yielded 96 studies (1954–2025) documenting 134 patients. The number of reports has notably increased since the 21st century; however, diagnosis remains challenging due to possible dermatophyte adaptation in the dermal/subcutaneous environment. Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequently isolated pathogen. Acquired immunodeficiencies (e.g. renal transplant recipients) and primary immunodeficiencies (e.g. CARD9, STAT3 mutations) elevate the risk of deep dermatophytosis. Systemic dissemination, often accompanied by lymphadenopathy, was reported in 24 patients, with the most common being infection of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. Infections of the bones, lungs, and brain were also reported. Terbinafine (125–1000 mg/day) and itraconazole (100–400 mg/day), with adjunctive topical antifungals and surgical interventions, have been tried for deep dermatophytosis. The use of newer triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole) should follow the principles of antifungal stewardship and therapeutic drug monitoring recommendations. Multidrug resistance is a potential concern in immunocompromised patients who will often require extended or lifelong treatment.ConclusionsHealthcare providers should be cognizant that dermatophytosis may become invasive and disseminated in immunocompromised populations. Testing and early treatment should not be overlooked in these patients.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Triazole Antifungal: modality Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Triazole Antifungal (modality). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/modality/Triazole%20Antifungal\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Modalities\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/modality\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Triazole Antifungal\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/modality/Triazole%20Antifungal\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Triazole Antifungal: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Review evidence by treatment modality: Triazole Antifungal — concise summaries and practical next steps.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","pmid":"41104791","title":"Deep and disseminated dermatophytosis in immunocompromised populations—A systematic review","journal_title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology","journal_issn":"0926-9959","published_at":"2025-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70115","source_score":2,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-10-22","doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","days":"7","issn":"0926-9959","rank":"10","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"2","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","title":"Deep and disseminated dermatophytosis in immunocompromised populations-A systematic review.","journal":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV","methods":"","results":"$30","abstract":"$31","keywords":["deep dermatophytosis","dermatophyte","disseminated fungal infection","invasive fungal infection","ringworm","tinea"],"pubmed_id":"41104791","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-10-17T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1111/jdv.70115","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70115","ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"link":[{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jdv.70115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Deep and disseminated dermatophytosis in immunocompromised populations—A systematic review"],"author":[{"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc. London Ontario Canada"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc. London Ontario Canada"}]},{"given":null,"family":"Susmita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc. London Ontario Canada"}]},{"given":"Ditte Marie L.","family":"Saunte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Dermatology Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte Gentofte Denmark"}]},{"given":"Roderick","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Piguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology Women's College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1111","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:01:38Z","timestamp":1760702498000,"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:41:13Z","timestamp":1760704873842,"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000,"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$32","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jdv.70115"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-08-06"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2025-09-24"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2025-10-17"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1760702514000,"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0926-9959"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3083"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":[{"DOI":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1580221","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Li D","volume":"13","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Worldwide trends and future projections of fungal skin disease burden: a comprehensive analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Gupta AK","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton indotineae: epidemiology, antifungal resistance and antifungal stewardship strategies","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/jdv.20146","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","year":"2025","issue":"6","author":"Khan SS","volume":"39","first-page":"1185","unstructured":null,"article-title":"An international survey of recalcitrant and recurrent tinea of the glabrous skin—a potential indicator of antifungal resistance","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jdv.20752","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","year":"2014","issue":"4","author":"Mao D","volume":"12","first-page":"226","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Tinea lucidum or dermatophytosis of the stratum lucidum: is the epidermal location of dermatophyte infection evolving?","journal-title":"Skinmed","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/myc.70081","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","year":"2025","issue":"6","author":"Liu H","volume":"68","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Biologic therapy and superficial fungal infection risk in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis: a meta‐analysis","journal-title":"Mycoses","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1097/00001432-200404000-00002","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","year":"2004","issue":"2","author":"Hay RJ","volume":"17","first-page":"77","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis: rare infections or common, but unrecognised, complications of lymphatic spread?","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/jof2010004","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","year":"2015","issue":"1","author":"Rouzaud C","volume":"2","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Severe dermatophytosis and acquired or innate immunodeficiency: a review","journal-title":"J Fungi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1012258","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","year":"2024","issue":"6","author":"Dellière S","volume":"20","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Current and emerging issues in dermatophyte infections","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/jof7110929","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","year":"2021","issue":"11","author":"Castellanos J","volume":"7","first-page":"929","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Unusual inflammatory tinea infections: Majocchi's granuloma and deep/systemic dermatophytosis","journal-title":"J Fungi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/myc.13212","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","year":"2021","issue":"4","author":"Wang R","volume":"64","first-page":"340","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive dermatophyte infection: a systematic review","journal-title":"Mycoses","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-67421-2_4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Durdu M","volume":null,"first-page":"65","unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/trstmh/traa163","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","year":"2021","issue":"4","author":"Traxler RM","volume":"115","first-page":"437","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Development of the global Mycetoma working group","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Veritas Health Innovation","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.25259/IJDVL_301_20","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Verma SB","volume":"87","first-page":"154","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The unprecedented epidemic‐like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: I. Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical features","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","year":"2019","issue":"3","author":"Akay BN","volume":"60","first-page":"e252","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep fungal infection caused by Trichophyton rubrum after heart transplantation: a case report with dermoscopy","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.breast.2005.04.008","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","year":"2006","issue":"2","author":"Ali SS","volume":"15","first-page":"263","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bilateral breast enlargement due to Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"Breast","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06379.x","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","year":"1974","issue":"2","author":"Burgoon CF","volume":"90","first-page":"155","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mycetoma formation in Trichophyton rubrum infection","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.001","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","year":"2017","issue":"2","author":"Boudghene Stambouli O","volume":"27","first-page":"250","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dermatophytic disease with deficit in CARD9: a new case with a brain impairment","journal-title":"J Mycol Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.10.004","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","year":"2009","issue":"1","author":"Bienvenu AL","volume":"19","first-page":"40","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Manifestations cliniques atypiques dues à Trichophyton rubrum chez un patient immunodéprimé","journal-title":"J Mycol Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/mmy/myae001","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","year":"2024","issue":"2","author":"Bertin C","volume":"62","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep cutaneous mycoses in kidney transplant recipients: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","journal-title":"Med Mycol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00628.x","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","year":"2007","issue":"5","author":"Berg JC","volume":"34","first-page":"431","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pseudomycetoma caused by Microsporum canis in an immunosuppressed patient: a case report and review of the literature","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ijd.15294","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","year":"2021","issue":"1","author":"Benmehidi N","volume":"60","first-page":"e15","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A new case of deep dermatophytic disease with inherited CARD9 deficiency","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","year":"2019","issue":"1","author":"Dai Y","volume":"19","first-page":"4","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Multiple abscesses in the lower extremities caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.dsi.2013.11.002","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","year":"2014","issue":"3","author":"Cheng CY","volume":"32","first-page":"191","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disseminated deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"Dermatol Sin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.annder.2010.01.006","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","year":"2010","issue":"3","author":"Cheikhrouhou F","volume":"137","first-page":"208","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Un cas de maladie dermatophytique fatale par abcès rétropharyngé","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ijd.13220","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","year":"2017","issue":"3","author":"Chai ZT","volume":"56","first-page":"269","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermal fungal infection in an Asian renal transplant recipient","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/cup.14817","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Alkurdi E","volume":"52","first-page":"466","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum mimicking blastomycosis in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1046/j.1365-4362.2001.01096.x","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","year":"2001","issue":"5","author":"Franco RC","volume":"40","first-page":"363","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis in a post transplant recipient","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/cup.14764","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","year":"2024","issue":"2","author":"Forster AM","volume":"52","first-page":"73","unstructured":null,"article-title":"An unusual, symmetric rash on both forearms in a 94‐year‐old patient a clinicopathological challenge and diagnostic pitfall","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1023/A:1016328001146","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","year":"2002","issue":"4","author":"Erbagci Z","volume":"154","first-page":"163","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytoses in association with atopy and diabetes mellitus: Majocchi's granuloma tricophyticum or dermatophytic pseudomycetoma?","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04458.x","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","year":"2011","issue":"10","author":"Dan P","volume":"50","first-page":"1266","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive cutaneous Trichophyton shoenleinii infection in an immunosuppressed patient","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.042","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","year":"2014","issue":"2","author":"Gonzalez Santiago TM","volume":"71","first-page":"293","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Diagnosis of deep cutaneous fungal infections: correlation between skin tissue culture and histopathology","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","year":"2025","issue":"10","author":"González Rodríguez B","volume":"164","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/myc.12001","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","year":"2013","issue":"3","author":"Gönül M","volume":"56","first-page":"361","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep Trichophyton rubrum infection presenting with umbilicated papulonodules in a cardiac transplant recipient","journal-title":"Mycoses","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01324.x","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","year":"2007","issue":"2","author":"Gong JQ","volume":"50","first-page":"102","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum: report of two cases","journal-title":"Mycoses","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-019-00357-4","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","year":"2019","issue":"4","author":"Guanziroli E","volume":"184","first-page":"543","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in an immunosuppressed patient: successful outcome with terbinafine","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10875-015-0170-4","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","year":"2015","issue":"5","author":"Grumach AS","volume":"35","first-page":"486","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A homozygous CARD9 mutation in a Brazilian patient with deep dermatophytosis","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10875-016-0255-8","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","year":"2016","issue":"3","author":"Alves de Medeiros AK","volume":"36","first-page":"204","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Chronic and invasive fungal infections in a family with CARD9 deficiency","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/0190-9622(95)90270-8","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","year":"1995","issue":"2","author":"Grossman ME","volume":"33","first-page":"315","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum infection in the immunocompromised host: report of three cases","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s40257-017-0309-6","key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","year":"2017","issue":"5","author":"González‐Cantero Á","volume":"18","first-page":"709","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Comment on: “A unique clinicopathological manifestation of fungal infection: a case series of deep dermatophytosis in immunosuppressed patients”","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/archderm.1983.01650300036013","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","year":"1983","issue":"6","author":"Hironaga M","volume":"119","first-page":"482","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton mentagrophytes granulomas","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00612.x","key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","year":"2004","issue":"10","author":"Kwon KS","volume":"31","first-page":"839","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Widespread and invasive Trichophyton rubrum infection mimicking Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS","journal-title":"J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.058","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","year":"2006","issue":"2","author":"Kobayashi M","volume":"54","first-page":"11","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Tinea profunda cysticum caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1128/jcm.34.2.460-462.1996","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","year":"1996","issue":"2","author":"King D","volume":"34","first-page":"460","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Primary invasive cutaneous Microsporum canis infections in immunocompromised patients","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","year":"2016","issue":"1","author":"Kim SH","volume":"16","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dermatophyte abscesses caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient without pre‐existing superficial dermatophytosis: a case report","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1007/s40257-017-0276-y","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","year":"2017","issue":"5","author":"Kershenovich R","volume":"18","first-page":"697","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A unique clinicopathological manifestation of fungal infection: a case series of deep dermatophytosis in immunosuppressed patients","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.2154","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","year":"2015","issue":"2","author":"Jachiet M","volume":"151","first-page":"192","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Posaconazole treatment of extensive skin and nail dermatophytosis due to autosomal recessive deficiency of CARD9","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/myc.12317","key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","year":"2015","issue":"5","author":"Inaoki M","volume":"58","first-page":"318","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Case of dermatophyte abscess caused by Trichophyton rubrum: a case report and review of the literature","journal-title":"Mycoses","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/1346-8138.16995","key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","year":"2024","issue":"2","author":"Ansai O","volume":"51","first-page":"294","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in an elderly patient with CARD9 deficiency: a case report and literature review","journal-title":"J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30551-1","key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","year":"2019","issue":"12","author":"Huang C","volume":"19","first-page":"1380","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.018","key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","year":"2023","issue":"4","author":"Li W","volume":"98","first-page":"544","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Generalized nodular tinea profunda in an immunosuppressed patient caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb01269.x","key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","year":"1988","issue":"10","author":"Lestringant GG","volume":"27","first-page":"707","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis to Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosum in an immunosuppressed patient","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.2310/7750.2007.00009","key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","year":"2007","issue":"2","author":"Lowther AL","volume":"11","first-page":"84","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum infection occurring with infliximab and long‐term prednisone treatment","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","year":"2024","issue":"1","author":"Loginus W","volume":"47","first-page":"2024","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Multiple facial deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01355.x","key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","year":"2010","issue":"11","author":"Lillis JV","volume":"37","first-page":"1168","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disseminated dermal Trichophyton rubrum infection – an expression of dermatophyte dimorphism?","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMoa1208487","key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","year":"2013","issue":"18","author":"Lanternier F","volume":"369","first-page":"1704","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis and inherited CARD9 deficiency","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2230.1987.tb02518.x","key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","year":"1987","issue":"5","author":"Mayou SC","volume":"12","first-page":"385","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep (subcutaneous) dermatophyte infection presenting with unilateral lymphoedema","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.2340/00015555-1452","key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","year":"2013","issue":"3","author":"Matsuzaki Y","volume":"93","first-page":"358","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep pseudocystic dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with myasthenia gravis","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/archderm.1957.01550160069008","key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","year":"1957","issue":"4","author":"Mullins J","volume":"75","first-page":"543","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep‐seated pustular Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"AMA Arch Derm","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2129a","key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","year":"2013","issue":"4","author":"Azib S","volume":"149","first-page":"475","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Nodules on the legs in a renal transplant recipient. Deep dermal dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.13794","key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","year":"2022","issue":"2","author":"Mularoni A","volume":"24","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton infection in a liver transplant recipient","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","year":"2021","issue":"3","author":"Mehwald‐Göke M","volume":"47","first-page":"96","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis combined with tinea corporis","journal-title":"Aktuelle Derm","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1097/DAD.0b013e31829ac0fa","key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","year":"2014","issue":"3","author":"Mantovani L","volume":"36","first-page":"263","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A verrucous and ulcerated lesion of the leg: answer","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/cup.13574","key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","year":"2020","issue":"2","author":"Nazarian RM","volume":"47","first-page":"166","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Novel CARD9 mutation in a patient with chronic invasive dermatophyte infection (tinea profunda)","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/1346-8138.13669","key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","year":"2017","issue":"5","author":"Namba HD","volume":"44","first-page":"e97","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Eumycetoma caused by Trichophyton species successfully treated with terbinafine and surgery","journal-title":"J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.12799","key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","year":"2018","issue":"1","author":"Rouzaud C","volume":"20","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Severe dermatophytosis in solid organ transplant recipients: a French retrospective series and literature review","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10875-019-00662-z","key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","year":"2019","issue":"5","author":"Queiroz‐Telles F","volume":"39","first-page":"462","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Successful allogenic stem cell transplantation in patients with inherited CARD9 deficiency","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07371.x","key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","year":"2006","issue":"3","author":"Petrov I","volume":"155","first-page":"628","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disseminated dermatophytic pseudomycetomas arising in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101456","key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","year":"2024","issue":"1","author":"Ouaaziz I","volume":"34","first-page":"2","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep‐seated dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in patient with Becker muscular dystrophy","journal-title":"J Med Mycol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.03.001","key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Okata‐Karigane U","volume":"21","first-page":"16","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Subcutaneous abscesses caused by Trichophyton rubrum in the unilateral groin of an immunocompromised patient: a case report","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","year":"2024","issue":"3","author":"Benchetrit A","volume":"56","first-page":"217","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Microsporum canis pseudomycetoma and disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in an HIV/AIDS patient, an unusual combination","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1016/0002-9343(87)90078-7","key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","year":"1987","issue":"2","author":"Novick NL","volume":"82","first-page":"321","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum infection in an immunocompromised host. Case report and review of the literature","journal-title":"Am J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1128/JCM.41.11.5298-5301.2003","key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","year":"2003","issue":"11","author":"Nir‐Paz R","volume":"41","first-page":"5298","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep infection by Trichophyton rubrum in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12879-023-08752-5","key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","year":"2023","issue":"1","author":"Si H","volume":"23","first-page":"789","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Erythroderma combined with deeper dermal dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with myasthenia gravis: first case report and literature review","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05605.x","key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","year":"1979","issue":"2","author":"Swart E","volume":"101","first-page":"177","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton violaceum abscesses","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ijd.17803","key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Somasundaram A","volume":"64","first-page":"2088","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.01.017","key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Snyder A","volume":"9","first-page":"86","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cryptic deep dermatophytosis in a renal transplant recipient with hidradenitis suppurativa","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04331.x","key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","year":"2001","issue":"2","author":"Smith KJ","volume":"145","first-page":"344","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton rubrum showing deep dermal invasion directly from the epidermis in immunosuppressed patients","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.15781","key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","year":"2018","issue":"3","author":"Simpson JK","volume":"179","first-page":"750","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive dermatophyte infection with Trichophyton interdigitale is associated with prurigo‐induced pseudoperforation and a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mutation","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.014","key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","year":"2022","issue":"2","author":"Silva L","volume":"97","first-page":"223","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in immunocompromised patients","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1002/dc.25169","key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","year":"2023","issue":"8","author":"Shah S","volume":"51","first-page":"E239","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cytomorphological findings of Trichophyton rubrum infection in an elderly hypertensive woman","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","year":"2020","issue":"10","author":"Belda Junior W","volume":"62","first-page":"788","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Atypical clinical presentation of an Arthroderma gypseum infection in a renal transplant recipient","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.17966/JMI.2022.27.4.85","key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","year":"2022","issue":"4","author":"Seol JE","volume":"27","first-page":"85","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis presented as multiple exophytic masses caused by Trichophyton rubrum in immunocompromised patient with rheumatoid arthritis: A case report","journal-title":"J Mycol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1023/A:1006984116046","key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","year":"1998","issue":"1","author":"Sentamilselvi G","volume":"142","first-page":"9","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum – a case report","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.008","key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","year":"2004","issue":"5","author":"Seçkin D","volume":"51","first-page":"S173","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum with concomitant disseminated nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-020-00520-2","key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","year":"2021","issue":"3","author":"Sang J","volume":"186","first-page":"461","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-017-0120-1","key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","year":"2017","issue":"7","author":"Su HA","volume":"182","first-page":"715","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by zoophilic strain of Trichophyton interdigitale with successful treatment of itraconazole","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-016-0099-z","key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","year":"2017","issue":"5","author":"Su H","volume":"182","first-page":"549","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton rubrum infection characterized by Majocchi's granuloma and deeper dermatophytosis: case report and review of published literature","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/tid.13830","key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","year":"2022","issue":"3","author":"Sriram N","volume":"24","first-page":"22","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Trichophyton onychomycosis and deep dermatophytosis in a post‐heart transplant patient","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70396-2","key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","year":"1998","issue":"2","author":"Squeo RF","volume":"39","first-page":"379","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum resembling blastomycosis infection in the immunocompromised host","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1080/22221751.2023.2208685","key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","year":"2023","issue":"1","author":"Song Y","volume":"12","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non‐HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02985.x","key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","year":"1999","issue":"2","author":"Sommer S","volume":"141","first-page":"323","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Microbiological and molecular diagnosis of deep localized cutaneous infection with Trichophyton mentagrophytes","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000325759","key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","year":"2007","issue":"3","author":"Barboza‐Quintana O","volume":"51","first-page":"424","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pseudomycetoma for Microsporum canis: report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy","journal-title":"Acta Cytol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90298-4","key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","year":"1996","issue":"6","author":"Tsang P","volume":"34","first-page":"1090","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with AIDS","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01839.x","key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","year":"2005","issue":"5","author":"Tejasvi T","volume":"30","first-page":"506","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive dermatophytosis with lymph node involvement in an immunocompetent patient","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1001/archderm.140.5.624","key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","year":"2004","issue":"5","author":"Tateishi Y","volume":"140","first-page":"624","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Severe generalized deep dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum (trichophytic granuloma) in a patient with atopic dermatitis","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Tan J","volume":"13","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Case report: severe deep ulcer on the left abdomen mimicking mycosis fungoides caused by Trichophyton tonsurans in a patient with novel CARD9 mutation","journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/cup.12987","key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","year":"2017","issue":"9","author":"Talebi‐Liasi F","volume":"44","first-page":"798","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Invasive Trichophyton rubrum mimicking blastomycosis in a patient with solid organ transplant","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ofid/ofaa281","key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","year":"2020","issue":"7","author":"Trottier CA","volume":"7","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Beyond the superficial: disseminated Trichophyton rubrum infection in a kidney transplant recipient","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","year":"2012","issue":"2","author":"Trabelsi S","volume":"90","first-page":"196","unstructured":null,"article-title":"First case of subcutaneous dermatomycoses in a Tunisian renal transplant patient","journal-title":"Tunis Med","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.3314/mmj.17-00003","key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","year":"2017","issue":"2","author":"Toyoki M","volume":"58","first-page":"E63","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A giant dermatophyte abscess caused by Trichophyton rubrum in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"Med Mycol J","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fmed.2019.00097","key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Toussaint F","volume":"6","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Multiple dermal abscesses by Trichophyton rubrum in an immunocompromised patient","journal-title":"Front Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","year":"2021","issue":"3","author":"Teo TSP","volume":"23","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mycetoma caused by Microsporum canis in a patient with renal transplant: a case report and review of the literature","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1001/archinte.1984.00350150227044","key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","year":"1984","issue":"3","author":"Baker RL","volume":"144","first-page":"615","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Successful use of ketoconazole for invasive cutaneous: Trichophyton rubrum infection","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-020-00487-0","key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","year":"2020","issue":"6","author":"Wang X","volume":"185","first-page":"1041","unstructured":null,"article-title":"CARD9 deficiency in a Chinese man with cutaneous mucormycosis, recurrent deep dermatophytosis and a review of the literature","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","year":"2021","issue":"32","author":"Vu LT","volume":"18","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The first case of Trichophyton spp. pneumonia reported in Vietnam","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-022-00655-4","key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","year":"2022","issue":"5","author":"Yun SK","volume":"187","first-page":"611","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Deeper dermal dermatophytosis by Trichophyton rubrum infection mimicking Kaposi sarcoma","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11046-022-00633-w","key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","year":"2022","issue":"2","author":"Xia XJ","volume":"187","first-page":"189","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bedside diagnosis for disseminated deep dermatophytosis: a case series study","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","year":"2013","issue":"5","author":"Wu LC","volume":"176","first-page":"457","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Extensive deep dermatophytosis cause by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1093/ajcp/73.3.447","key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","year":"1980","issue":"3","author":"West BC","volume":"73","first-page":"447","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mycetoma caused by Microsporum audouinii. First reported case","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","year":"2023","issue":"6","author":"Chanyachailert P","volume":"9","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cutaneous fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and non‐dermatophytes: an updated comprehensive review of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic testing","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06838.x","key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","year":"2005","issue":"5","author":"Baran R","volume":"153","first-page":"1023","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Could proximal white subungual onychomycosis be a complication of systemic spread? The lessons to be learned from Maladie Dermatophytique and other deep infections","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.031","key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","year":"2022","issue":"11","author":"Cifaldi C","volume":"28","first-page":"1435","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Main human inborn errors of immunity leading to fungal infections","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285887","key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Deng R","volume":"14","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dermatophyte infection: from fungal pathogenicity to host immune responses","journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1128/CMR.00035-19","key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","year":"2020","issue":"3","author":"Davis JS","volume":"33","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Infectious complications of biological and small molecule targeted immunomodulatory therapies","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03342.x","key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","year":"1993","issue":"6","author":"Chen AW","volume":"129","first-page":"729","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dermatophyte pseudomycetoma: a case report","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","year":"1983","issue":"1","author":"Rinaldi MG","volume":"81","first-page":"41","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mycetoma or pseudomycetoma? A distinctive mycosis caused by dermatophytes","journal-title":"Mycopathologia","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1093/bjd/ljad070","key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","year":"2023","issue":"1","author":"Gupta AK","volume":"189","first-page":"12","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Relative impact of traditional vs. newer oral antifungals for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis: a network meta‐analysis study","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jdv.16394","key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","year":"2020","issue":"9","author":"Gupta AK","volume":"34","first-page":"1972","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Onychomycosis: a review","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1093/infdis/jiaa394","key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","year":"2020","issue":"3","author":"Johnson MD","volume":"222","first-page":"S175","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Core recommendations for antifungal stewardship: a statement of the mycoses study group education and research consortium","journal-title":"J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.003","key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","year":"2025","issue":"2","author":"Hamada Y","volume":"31","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of azole antifungal agents","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_103_17","key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","year":"2018","issue":"2","author":"Sinha S","volume":"9","first-page":"120","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Antifungal efficacy of amphotericin B against dermatophytes and its relevance in recalcitrant dermatophytoses: a commentary","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["10.1111/jdv.70115"],"article-number":"jdv.70115","content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"reference-count":123,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":123,"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","is_oa":true,"title":"Deep and disseminated dermatophytosis in immunocompromised populations—A systematic review","updated":"2025-10-19T00:05:06+00:00","published_date":"2025-10-17","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdv.70115","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdv.70115","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70115"}}},"created_at":"2025-10-29T09:27:25.374Z","updated_at":"2025-10-29T09:27:25.374Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"condition","value":"Deep Dermatophytosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"condition","value":"Disseminated Dermatophytosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"amphotericin B","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"fluconazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"griseofulvin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"itraconazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"posaconazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"terbinafine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"generic","value":"voriconazole","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"modality","value":"Allylamine","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"modality","value":"Polyene Antifungal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"modality","value":"Triazole Antifungal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=134","value_numeric":134},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Systematic Review","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"warning","value":"Findings synthesize heterogeneous case reports and small series; effect estimates are descriptive and non-comparative.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"warning","value":"The review excludes Majocchi's granuloma; ensure diagnostic criteria align when applying these data.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/jdv.70115","tag_type":"warning","value":"Treatment response rates reflect reported outcomes and may be influenced by reporting bias and variable follow-up.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A systematic review (search June 2025) of histopathology- and culture-confirmed deep dermatophytosis of glabrous skin, excluding Majocchi's granuloma; 96 studies from 1954–2025 describing 134 patients.","key_result":"Median age was 51 years (IQR 22); 70.1% (94/134) were male, and Trichophyton rubrum was most frequent. Dissemination occurred in 24/134 patients (lymph node involvement confirmed in 15), with bone (5 cases) and brain abscesses (4 cases) reported; among therapies, improvement was reported with terbinafine in 64.8% (35/54), itraconazole in 46.5% (33/71), posaconazole in 58.8% (10/17), and voriconazole in 38.5% (5/13).","limitations":"Most included reports were case reports or small series, creating publication bias; antifungal susceptibility testing and therapeutic drug monitoring data were sparse, and some treatment data were incompletely reported.","practice_takeaway":"In immunocompromised patients with atypical nodules, ulcers, abscesses, or lymphadenopathy, obtain histopathology and culture to diagnose deep dermatophytosis and treat concomitant superficial tinea to reduce autoinoculation risk. Oral terbinafine or itraconazole are commonly used; if newer triazoles are needed, follow antifungal stewardship with therapeutic drug monitoring and watch for drug–drug interactions."}}],"initialOffset":1,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"modality","value":"Triazole Antifungal"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Modalities","href":"/hub/tag/modality"},{"name":"Triazole Antifungal"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"modality","hub_tag_value":"Triazole Antifungal"}}}]]

Papers