2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T684,A prominent barrier to broader intrauterine device (IUD) uptake is the fear of pain and discomfort associated with insertion of the device. To examine the pain level perceived during IUD insertion and identify factors associated with perceived pain during the insertion procedure. We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from Australian women using IUDs. We explored self-reported pain perception during IUD insertion retrospectively. We asked women about pregnancy history, mental health and their perceived knowledge about the IUD method they were using at the time of the survey. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between these factors and pain perception. A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self-perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain. These findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to consider the complex interplay of factors affecting pain perception during IUD insertion, prioritise individualized pain management strategies and address perceived knowledge surrounding IUDs, particularly in women with mental health conditions. Exploring ways to improve the experience of women during IUD insertion may contribute to positive discourse around IUDs and to encourage others to select an IUD as a contraceptive approach.31:T9a4,ABSTRACT Background A prominent barrier to broader intrauterine device (IUD) uptake is the fear of pain and discomfort associated with insertion of the device. Aim To examine the pain level perceived during IUD insertion and identify factors associated with perceived pain during the insertion procedure. Materials and Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from Australian women using IUDs. We explored self‐reported pain perception during IUD insertion retrospectively. We asked women about pregnancy history, mental health and their perceived knowledge about the IUD method they were using at the time of the survey. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between these factors and pain perception. Results A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self‐perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to consider the complex interplay of factors affecting pain perception during IUD insertion, prioritise individualized pain management strategies and address perceived knowledge surrounding IUDs, particularly in women with mental health conditions. Exploring ways to improve the experience of women during IUD insertion may contribute to positive discourse around IUDs and to encourage others to select an IUD as a contraceptive approach. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis): study design Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis) (study design). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Methodological details such as sampling strategy, survey response rates, and adjusted odds ratios could not be verified.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129024","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design tag reflects a cross-sectional secondary analysis, which limits causal interpretation — clinicians should note associations are not causal.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129024","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DOI and publication date (2026) are unusual; confirmed as provided in source metadata.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This secondary analysis of the CEAL Common Survey 2 (November 2020–November 2022) examined demographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, trust in physicians and institutions (e.g., CDC, FDA), and reasons for vaccine refusal among 13,802 U.S. residents across 21 sites.","key_result":"Over 12% of respondents were unvaccinated; Non-Hispanic Black participants had the lowest vaccination rate (81.78%) vs. Non-Hispanic White (91.80%). Educational gradient was steep: 20.78% of those with a high school education were unvaccinated vs. 6.18% with a graduate degree. Adults 55+ were less likely to be unvaccinated than younger participants. While <5% distrusted their doctors, >40% distrusted the FDA to ensure a safe pediatric vaccine. Racial and educational differences existed in specific reasons for non-vaccination (e.g., needle aversion, community disapproval).","limitations":"Secondary analysis limits causal inference. Survey respondents may not be nationally representative despite multi-site recruitment. Full text was inaccessible, so granular methodological details (e.g., sampling strategy, response rates) could not be verified.","practice_takeaway":"Tailored vaccine outreach is needed by subgroup: address community-level norms and needle aversion in lower-education and minority communities, and prioritize rebuilding FDA trust for pediatric vaccine uptake. A single-message campaign is unlikely to reach all hesitant groups equally."}},{"doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","pmid":"42055791","title":"Factors influencing the acceptability of contragestion among reproductive-aged women in Hong Kong","journal_title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health","journal_issn":"2515-1991","published_at":"2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","source_score":5,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:59.984Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:59.984Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"category","value":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"condition","value":"Contraception","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"condition","value":"Reproductive Health","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"4","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"modality","value":"Contragestion","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1448","value_numeric":1448},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"sex","value":"female","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis)","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"warning","value":"Acceptability was measured hypothetically — actual uptake could differ substantially from survey responses.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"warning","value":"Contragestion is described as working by dislodging an implanted embryo; this mechanism may carry ethical and religious implications that could affect clinical counseling contexts.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1136/bmjsrh-2026-203217","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is set in Hong Kong; cultural, legal, and healthcare system differences may limit generalizability to other regions.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This secondary analysis of a prospective questionnaire survey examined sociodemographic and reproductive history factors influencing hypothetical acceptability of contragestion (a post-implantation birth control method) among 1,448 reproductive-aged women recruited from family planning services and a university hospital in Hong Kong.","key_result":"Only 29.9% (433/1,448) of women found contragestion hypothetically acceptable. Higher acceptance was independently associated with prior termination of pregnancy (OR 1.834), prior emergency contraception use (OR 1.481), and plans for future hormonal contraception (OR 1.615); having children was associated with lower acceptance (OR 0.692).","limitations":"Acceptability was hypothetical, not behavioral, limiting real-world generalizability. Recruitment from family planning clinics and a single hospital may not represent the broader Hong Kong population. Secondary analysis design constrains the scope of variables available for analysis.","practice_takeaway":"Fewer than 1 in 3 women surveyed would consider contragestion, with acceptance highest among those with prior pregnancy termination or emergency contraception use. Clinicians counseling on contraceptive options should be aware that this method may have low uptake, particularly among women with children."}},{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","pmid":"41969241","title":"Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey","journal_title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","journal_issn":"0004-8666","published_at":"2026-04-13T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.70125","source_score":15,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-04-14","doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","days":"30","issn":"0004-8666","rank":"4","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"15","category":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"_categories":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1111/ajo.70125","title":"Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey.","journal":"The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology","methods":"","results":"A total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. 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In multivariate analysis, current mental health condition, more than one prior pregnancy, and higher self-perceived IUD knowledge were each independently associated with greater pain perception; age was not significant after adjustment.","limitations":"- Retrospective recall of pain (IUDs can stay in place up to 10 years), introducing recall bias likely toward underreporting severity.\n- Pregnancy history lacked detail on mode of delivery or outcome (vaginal birth, caesarean, miscarriage, abortion), limiting interpretation.\n- Mental health assessed by a single non-validated item capturing only functionally impairing conditions; specific diagnoses (e.g., anxiety vs. depression) and timing relative to insertion were not captured.","practice_takeaway":"Screen IUD candidates for mental health conditions and assess the quality—not just level—of their IUD knowledge before insertion, correcting misinformation early. Individualized pain management and evidence-based counseling are especially important for women with mental health diagnoses or a history of multiple pregnancies."}}],"initialOffset":3,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"study_design","value":"Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis)"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Study Designs","href":"/hub/tag/study_design"},{"name":"Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis)"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"study_design","hub_tag_value":"Cross-Sectional Survey (Secondary Analysis)"}}}]]

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