2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T6aa,Nicotine-containing products, whether combustible or smokeless, pose a growing threat to cardiovascular (CV) health. While tobacco smoking continues to cause millions of deaths annually, the rapid uptake of e-cigarettes, heated tobacco, and synthetic nicotine pouches, particularly among the youth, risks reversing decades of progress in tobacco control. In this policy statement, 12 evidence-based key messages that highlight the CV toxicity of nicotine are presented, irrespective of delivery system, and the urgent need for comprehensive regulations. These messages address the vascular and metabolic harms of nicotine, the dangers of passive exposure, the key pathophysiological pathways leading to CV morbidity and mortality, and the economic burden of nicotine-induced CV disease. Importantly, this is the first expert consensus paper to address nicotine itself as a direct CV toxin, independent of combustion. Special attention is given to the paediatric addiction crisis, driven by flavoured products and aggressive marketing, and to the misleading narrative of 'safer nicotine.' This paper appears at a critical regulatory turning point: the European Commission's revised Tobacco Taxation Directive (July 2025), which for the first time introduces minimum excise duties on e-liquids, heated tobacco, and nicotine pouches. While this directive represents an important step, it must be complemented by broader regulations, including advertising bans, flavour restrictions, and indoor-use prohibitions, applied consistently across all nicotine products. Together, the 12 key messages provide a policy blueprint to protect CV health and prevent the rise of a new generation of nicotine-addicted youth.31:T73b,Abstract Nicotine-containing products, whether combustible or smokeless, pose a growing threat to cardiovascular (CV) health. While tobacco smoking continues to cause millions of deaths annually, the rapid uptake of e-cigarettes, heated tobacco, and synthetic nicotine pouches, particularly among the youth, risks reversing decades of progress in tobacco control. In this policy statement, 12 evidence-based key messages that highlight the CV toxicity of nicotine are presented, irrespective of delivery system, and the urgent need for comprehensive regulations. These messages address the vascular and metabolic harms of nicotine, the dangers of passive exposure, the key pathophysiological pathways leading to CV morbidity and mortality, and the economic burden of nicotine-induced CV disease. Importantly, this is the first expert consensus paper to address nicotine itself as a direct CV toxin, independent of combustion. Special attention is given to the paediatric addiction crisis, driven by flavoured products and aggressive marketing, and to the misleading narrative of ‘safer nicotine.’ This paper appears at a critical regulatory turning point: the European Commission’s revised Tobacco Taxation Directive (July 2025), which for the first time introduces minimum excise duties on e-liquids, heated tobacco, and nicotine pouches. While this directive represents an important step, it must be complemented by broader regulations, including advertising bans, flavour restrictions, and indoor-use prohibitions, applied consistently across all nicotine products. Together, the 12 key messages provide a policy blueprint to protect CV health and prevent the rise of a new generation of nicotine-addicted youth.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Expert Consensus Statement: study design Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Expert Consensus Statement (study design). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. 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Level of evidence assigned as 7 (expert opinion).","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This multisociety expert consensus statement evaluated occupational radiation hazards faced by fluoroscopy lab personnel — including cancer, cataracts, reproductive harm, and orthopedic injuries from lead aprons — and assessed the case for mandatory adoption of enhanced radiation protection devices (ERPDs) to meet ALARA standards.","key_result":"The consensus calls for mandatory implementation of ERPDs across fluoroscopic labs, citing slow adoption due to high upfront costs and outdated regulatory exposure thresholds that do not reflect current ERPD capabilities; no single ERPD system is endorsed.","limitations":"Consensus statement rather than primary research — no new clinical trial data or quantitative outcome measures are presented. Adoption barriers (cost, regulatory lag) are described but not quantified. Recommendations may be limited by variability in state-level regulation.","practice_takeaway":"Fluoroscopy lab directors and hospital administrators should prioritize transitioning away from heavy lead aprons toward ERPDs to reduce both radiation exposure and orthopedic injury risk. Institutions should also ensure updated training, dosimetry monitoring, and alignment with revised ALARA-based regulatory standards as they emerge."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","pmid":"42248165","title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: screening, diagnosis, and treatment—an expert group consensus statement","journal_title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine","journal_issn":"2213-2600","published_at":"2026-06-05T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","source_score":17,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:44.611Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T13:42:44.611Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Interstitial Lung Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Expert Consensus Statement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Impact flag 'practice_changing' applied cautiously: the statements aim to standardize practice in an area with no prior formal guidelines, but are not backed by RCT-level evidence.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size is applicable — this is a consensus statement, not an empirical study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00094-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The abstract does not detail the specific consensus statements, so key results are summarized at the thematic level only.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A multidisciplinary expert panel developed consensus statements on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), covering risk factors, screening approaches, and treatment strategies.","key_result":"The panel produced clinically actionable consensus statements to guide: (1) identifying RA patients at risk for ILD, (2) screening for ILD in RA, and (3) initiating and selecting treatment for established RA-ILD — filling a gap left by the scarcity of high-quality RCT-level evidence.","limitations":"Consensus statements are based on qualitative synthesis of existing evidence rather than strict evidence-based guidelines, reflecting the limited number of high-quality studies in RA-ILD. No quantitative meta-analysis or formal evidence grading was reported.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians managing RA patients should use these consensus statements to prompt earlier ILD screening in high-risk individuals and to guide timely treatment decisions when RA-ILD is established. A multidisciplinary approach is emphasized given the complexity of this complication."}},{"doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","pmid":"42178663","title":"Psychological Treatment for Pediatric Feeding Disorder (\n PFD\n ) and Avoidant Restrictive Feeding Intake Disorder (\n ARFID\n )","journal_title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","journal_issn":"0276-3478","published_at":"2026-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.70101","source_score":11,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-31T13:35:30.685Z","updated_at":"2026-05-31T13:35:30.685Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychology, Clinical","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"condition","value":"Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"condition","value":"Pediatric Feeding Disorder","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"modality","value":"Exposure-Based Psychological Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Expert Consensus Statement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"warning","value":"'Practice_changing' flag applied cautiously: while the consensus bridges two historically separate fields, no new clinical trial data are presented.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sample size is not applicable — this is a consensus statement, not an empirical study with enrolled participants.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/eat.70101","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper is dated 2026-05-24 but formally published ahead of full issue release; content reflects expert opinion only.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A multidisciplinary expert consensus panel evaluated psychological interventions for learned food avoidance in both Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD) and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), two diagnoses that share overlapping symptoms and mechanisms but have historically been treated separately.","key_result":"The panel reached consensus on a common core approach: **food and feeding/eating experience exposure** aimed at increasing volume and variety of food and fluid consumed. Differences in treatment delivery were attributed to three factors—severity of impairment, patient age/developmental status, and specific behaviors targeted—rather than the ARFID vs. PFD diagnostic label.","limitations":"- Consensus-based methodology; no randomized trial data generated.\n- Expert panel composition and selection criteria are not fully described, which may introduce bias.\n- Generalizability across diverse cultural, systemic, and resource settings is not addressed in depth.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians treating either ARFID or PFD can anchor their psychological approach in **exposure-based intervention**, tailoring delivery to the child's age, severity, and specific eating behaviors rather than the diagnostic label alone. Multidisciplinary assessment and attention to treatment readiness and access barriers are key preparatory steps."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","pmid":"42034327","title":"2026 HRS/AHA/APHRS/EHRA/IDSA/LAHRS/PACES/STS expert consensus statement update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction","journal_title":"Heart Rhythm","journal_issn":"1547-5271","published_at":"2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","source_score":51,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-04T18:17:51.252Z","updated_at":"2026-08-04T18:17:51.252Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"category","value":"Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiac Arrhythmia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"condition","value":"Tricuspid Regurgitation","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"7","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"modality","value":"Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"modality","value":"Leadless Pacing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"modality","value":"Transvenous Lead Extraction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Expert Consensus Statement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"warning","value":"Sex and sample size tags are not applicable to this document type and have been omitted.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design is labeled 'Expert Consensus Statement'; some may classify this as a clinical practice guideline — these are functionally equivalent here.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","tag_type":"warning","value":"This is a consensus/guideline document, not a primary research study; level of evidence reflects expert opinion rather than a single trial. Individual recommendations within the document may carry varying levels of underlying evidence not detailed in the abstract.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This 2026 multi-society expert consensus statement updates the 2017 HRS guidelines on cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) lead management and extraction, incorporating evidence from trials, studies, and meta-analyses published through December 2024.","key_result":"A total of 108 recommendations were issued, achieving a mean consensus approval of 93.61% (threshold >70%); key updates address new CIED technologies (leadless pacing, extravascular ICD leads, lumenless leads), CIED infection management, tricuspid valve replacement lead considerations, and standardization of transvenous lead extraction protocols.","limitations":"Based on a literature review through December 2024 only, so very recent evidence is not captured; as a consensus document, recommendations reflect expert opinion where high-quality RCT data may be limited; English-language publications only, introducing potential language bias.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians should update their lead management and extraction practices per these 2026 guidelines, particularly regarding extravascular and leadless device options, infection prevention/treatment protocols, and facility standards for transvenous lead extraction. Pay close attention to new recommendations around lead management prior to transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement."}},{"doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","pmid":"41619927","title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus Pathway for Robotic Cardiac Surgical Training","journal_title":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery","journal_issn":"0003-4975","published_at":"2026-01-29T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:43.629Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:49:43.629Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cardiac Surgical Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"5","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"modality","value":"Robotic Cardiac Surgery","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Expert Consensus Statement","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample size is applicable — this is a consensus guideline document, not a clinical study.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"warning","value":"Publication date (January 2026) is ahead of today's date context; treat as recently published guidance.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design labeled as 'Expert Consensus Statement'; level of evidence assigned as 5 (expert opinion) given absence of original trial data.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This STS expert consensus outlines a structured training pathway for robotic cardiac surgery programs, covering preparatory elements and 4 phases progressing from program launch to mastery, developed collaboratively with multinational robotic cardiac surgery leaders.","key_result":"The consensus establishes core principles across 4 training phases — from program commencement to mastery — standardizing how centers should safely introduce and expand robotic cardiac surgery programs, drawing on 25 years of robotic cardiac surgical experience.","limitations":"As an expert consensus, this pathway lacks prospective validation data; recommendations are based on collective expert opinion rather than controlled trials, and generalizability across different resource settings is uncertain.","practice_takeaway":"Cardiac surgery programs adopting robotic techniques should follow the STS 4-phase training framework — starting with structured preparatory elements before operating — to reduce risk during program launch. Centers should benchmark against these consensus standards when building or expanding a robotic cardiac program."}},{"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1010","pmid":"41406987","title":"Nicotine and the cardiovascular system: unmasking a global public health threat","journal_title":"European Heart Journal","journal_issn":"0195-668X","published_at":"2025-12-18T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1010","source_score":606,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-21","doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1010","days":"30","issn":"0195-668X","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"606","category":"Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems","categories":["Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems"],"_categories":["Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1010","title":"Nicotine and the cardiovascular system: unmasking a global public health threat.","journal":"European heart 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threat"],"author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Münzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz Germany, Johannes Gutenberg University , Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131 ,"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola , Rome ,"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome ,"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute , 11100 Euclic Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH ,"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lüscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London ,"},{"name":"King’s 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