2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T744,Physical inactivity constitutes a pressing societal problem. To realize physical activity's (PA) potential as a key health resource, mechanisms of PA engagement need to be understood. Laboratory and interventional studies documented that exercise relates to affective well-being (AWB) and suggested that AWB may shape PA behaviour. Digitalization enabled the investigation of how PA relates to AWB in everyday life, but findings from individual studies are ambiguous. Here we compiled 67 datasets (55.2% of eligible records) including 321,345 smartphone-based AWB ratings and nearly 1,000,000 h of accelerometer-measured PA (N = 8,223 participants) until December 2023 to clarify the nature and extent of PA-AWB associations. One- and two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses reveal that momentary AWB is associated with both prior (within, r = 0.05, 99.2% confidence intervals (CI) 0.03 to 0.06; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.12) and subsequent (within, r = 0.04, 99.2% CI 0.03 to 0.05; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.13) short-term PA in everyday life. Within persons, PA displays a positive association with energetic arousal, positive affective states and valence, yet a negative relation to calmness. The practical effect sizes are comparable to other daily life activities, with energetic arousal evincing the strongest relation to PA. Considerable heterogeneity in associations across individuals can be partially explained by sociodemographic moderators. Between participants, PA relates to positive affective states. The results document the critical relevance of PA-AWB relations in everyday life. They can contribute to the revision and development of health behaviour models and establish a starting point to approach behavioural, physiological and neuronal mechanisms underlying PA-AWB associations.31:T90e,Abstract Physical inactivity constitutes a pressing societal problem. To realize physical activity’s (PA) potential as a key health resource, mechanisms of PA engagement need to be understood. Laboratory and interventional studies documented that exercise relates to affective well-being (AWB) and suggested that AWB may shape PA behaviour. Digitalization enabled the investigation of how PA relates to AWB in everyday life, but findings from individual studies are ambiguous. Here we compiled 67 datasets (55.2% of eligible records) including 321,345 smartphone-based AWB ratings and nearly 1,000,000 h of accelerometer-measured PA ( N = 8,223 participants) until December 2023 to clarify the nature and extent of PA–AWB associations. One- and two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses reveal that momentary AWB is associated with both prior (within, r = 0.05, 99.2% confidence intervals (CI) 0.03 to 0.06; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.12) and subsequent (within, r = 0.04, 99.2% CI 0.03 to 0.05; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.13) short-term PA in everyday life. Within persons, PA displays a positive association with energetic arousal, positive affective states and valence, yet a negative relation to calmness. The practical effect sizes are comparable to other daily life activities, with energetic arousal evincing the strongest relation to PA. Considerable heterogeneity in associations across individuals can be partially explained by sociodemographic moderators. Between participants, PA relates to positive affective states. The results document the critical relevance of PA–AWB relations in everyday life. They can contribute to the revision and development of health behaviour models and establish a starting point to approach behavioural, physiological and neuronal mechanisms underlying PA–AWB associations. 25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis: study design Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis (study design). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Individual%20Participant%20Data%20Meta-Analysis\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Study Designs\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Individual%20Participant%20Data%20Meta-Analysis\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Browse Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis research papers with clear, practical takeaways for your clinical practice.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","pmid":"42624803","title":"Symptom burden to characterise, predict, and prevent asthma attacks: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials and translational prospective studies","journal_title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine","journal_issn":"2213-2600","published_at":"2026-08-20T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","source_score":4,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-27T06:17:04.984Z","updated_at":"2026-08-27T06:17:04.984Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"brand","value":"Nucala","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"condition","value":"Severe Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"generic","value":"mepolizumab","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"modality","value":"Corticosteroid","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=7161","value_numeric":7161},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The additional translational cohorts (SA-OT, PRISMA, BOOST) were small and selected on data availability — findings from these subsets should be interpreted cautiously.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DREAM dataset used IV mepolizumab (not the approved SC formulation), which may limit direct translation to current clinical practice.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00150-5","tag_type":"warning","value":"The paper was published 2026-08-20 and indexed today (2026-08-27); full text was not available, so all extracted data derive from the abstract only.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This individual participant data meta-analysis evaluated whether ACQ-5 symptom burden predicts future severe asthma attacks and response to anti-inflammatory therapy, using data from 22 RCTs (ORACLE2, n=6,513 control-group participants) plus four additional translational/observational datasets (total 7,161 distinct participants).","key_result":"Each 0.5-point rise in baseline ACQ-5 added only a modest increase in attack risk (aRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06–1.12; ΔR²=0.02). ACQ-5 did not predict benefit from IV mepolizumab, whereas patients with high blood eosinophils AND high FeNO had the greatest absolute risk reduction (2.81 vs 1.17 attacks; aRR 0.38, 95% CI 0.25–0.57). ACQ-5 was also unassociated with post-corticosteroid lung function change.","limitations":"- Control-group data from RCTs may not fully represent real-world asthma populations.\n- Additional translational datasets were small (n=53–74) and selected based on data availability, limiting generalisability.\n- ACQ-5 is a self-reported measure subject to recall and response bias, and unmeasured confounders (e.g., adherence, inhaler technique) were not accounted for.","practice_takeaway":"Symptom scores alone are poor guides for escalating anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma — type 2 biomarkers (blood eosinophils and FeNO) more reliably identify who is at high risk and who will benefit from biologic treatment. Clinicians should interpret ACQ-5 results in the context of objective biomarkers rather than using symptoms as the primary trigger for anti-inflammatory escalation."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","pmid":"42586098","title":"Intensive blood pressure lowering after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage for secondary stroke prevention (RECAP-ICH): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","journal_title":"The Lancet Neurology","journal_issn":"1474-4422","published_at":"2026-08-12T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","source_score":49,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:15.358Z","updated_at":"2026-08-17T13:33:15.358Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"category","value":"Clinical Neurology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hypertension","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Intracerebral Haemorrhage","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"condition","value":"Recurrent Stroke","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antihypertensive Therapy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2944","value_numeric":2944},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"No specific antihypertensive drug classes or brand names were identified in the abstract; modality tags reflect the general therapeutic category only.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only 4 of 24 assessed trials provided individual participant data, which may introduce selection bias and limit the breadth of conclusions.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The cohort is 75% Asian, so effect sizes may not fully generalize to non-Asian populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00244-9","tag_type":"warning","value":"The PROSPERO registration number appears to contain a formatting anomaly (CRD420251274994) — may be worth verifying the exact registration ID.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of 4 RCTs (n=2,944) evaluated long-term intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering vs. placebo or standard management for secondary stroke prevention in adults with prior spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), with median follow-up of 42 months.","key_result":"Intensive BP lowering reduced recurrent stroke (6.5% vs. 10.4%; adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48–0.80; p=0.0002), driven largely by fewer recurrent ICH events (2.2% vs. 5.6%; adjusted HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26–0.59; p<0.0001). A clinically meaningful 1% absolute risk reduction was achieved in just 6.1 months (95% CI 3.5–14.8). Serious adverse events were numerically lower in the treatment group (28.9% vs. 33.0%).","limitations":"Only 4 trials met full IPD eligibility criteria from 24 assessed, limiting breadth. The cohort was predominantly Asian (75.3%), which may limit generalizability to other populations. All trials used varied treatment strategies (fixed-dose vs. titrated targets), introducing potential heterogeneity in the intervention.","practice_takeaway":"Start or intensify BP-lowering therapy after ICH without delay — meaningful protection accrues within ~6 months and is consistent regardless of age, sex, baseline BP, or time since the index bleed. Sustained, long-term BP control should be the cornerstone of post-ICH secondary prevention."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","pmid":"42441390","title":"Amyloid PET Quantitation and Centiloid Thresholds in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease","journal_title":"JAMA","journal_issn":"0098-7484","published_at":"2026-07-13T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13366243/","source_score":189,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-21T13:34:26.175Z","updated_at":"2026-07-21T13:34:26.175Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"age_group","value":"older_adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"category","value":"Medicine, General & Internal","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"condition","value":"Alzheimer Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"condition","value":"Cognitive Impairment","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"modality","value":"Amyloid PET Imaging","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=49227","value_numeric":49227},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"warning","value":"Extremely high heterogeneity (I² up to 97%) means the pooled cutoffs are population-level estimates and may not translate precisely to individual site or scanner protocols.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"warning","value":"Five different radiotracers were pooled; tracer-specific cutoff differences are not separately reported in the abstract, which may affect applicability to single-tracer clinical settings.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.13116","tag_type":"warning","value":"Full text was not accessible (publisher paywall redirect); summary is based solely on the abstract and results section provided.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"practice_takeaway":"For amyloid PET interpretation, use **<11 Centiloids** as high-confidence negative and **>26 Centiloids** as high-confidence positive; scans in the 11–26 CL range should prompt clinical judgment rather than automatic classification. The 27 CL cutoff best aligns with expert visual reads and may be the most pragmatic threshold when making eligibility decisions for amyloid-targeting therapies.","what_studied":"This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis pooled amyloid PET scans from 49,227 participants across 53 studies (15 countries) to derive robust Centiloid positivity cutoffs using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and correspondence with binary visual reads.","key_result":"The data-driven GMM approach yielded a single positivity cutoff of **18 Centiloids** (95% CI, 16–19). A double-cutoff approach set high-confidence negativity below **11 CL** (95% CI, 9–13) and high-confidence positivity above **26 CL** (95% CI, 24–28). Scans matched visual reads best at **27 Centiloids** (Cohen κ = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83–0.89). Scans in the **11–26 CL gray zone** warrant caution.","limitations":"- Very high heterogeneity across studies (I² = 95–97%), limiting precision of pooled cutoffs.\n- Cross-sectional design; longitudinal amyloid accumulation trajectories are not captured.\n- The gray zone (11–26 CL) lacks clear clinical guidance, and optimal management in this range remains undefined."}},{"doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","pmid":"42423475","title":"Emotional and behavioural problems of children born preterm and maternal sensitivity: An individual participant data meta‐analysis","journal_title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology","journal_issn":"0012-1622","published_at":"2026-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70387","source_score":28,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:12.612Z","updated_at":"2026-07-14T13:24:12.612Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"category","value":"Pediatrics","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"condition","value":"Emotional And Behavioural Problems","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"condition","value":"Preterm Birth","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"modality","value":"Parenting Intervention","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=2469","value_numeric":2469},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"warning","value":"Maternal sensitivity was measured using heterogeneous tools across the 7 cohorts and required harmonization, which may introduce measurement variability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"warning","value":"The 'practice_changing' impact flag is applied cautiously — the study is observational and establishes association/mediation, not causation; RCTs of sensitivity-focused interventions are still needed to confirm clinical benefit.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1111/dmcn.70387","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study population is limited to mother-child dyads; paternal or other caregiver sensitivity was not examined.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This IPD meta-analysis of 7 cohorts (2,469 mother-child dyads) examined whether dyadic maternal sensitivity is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation), and whether sensitivity mediates the effect of gestational age.","key_result":"Higher maternal sensitivity was associated with fewer emotional/behavioural difficulties (β = −0.08 per SD, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.004, p = 0.039), and lower gestational age independently predicted more difficulties (β = −0.04 per week, p < 0.001). Maternal sensitivity partially mediated the gestational age effect (indirect effect 0.003, p = 0.001), and the benefit of sensitive parenting was equal regardless of gestational age at birth.","limitations":"All cohorts were observational, limiting causal inference. The analysis relied on harmonized but heterogeneous measures of maternal sensitivity across cohorts. Mediation analyses cannot establish directionality definitively.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians caring for preterm infants should routinely assess and support maternal sensitivity, as it is linked to better behavioural outcomes across the full range of gestational ages. Targeted postnatal interventions to enhance sensitive parenting warrant investigation and implementation in neonatal and follow-up care."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","pmid":"42340705","title":"Neurometabolites and Antipsychotic Response in Psychosis","journal_title":"JAMA Psychiatry","journal_issn":"2168-622X","published_at":"2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","source_score":17,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:31.780Z","updated_at":"2026-06-27T13:27:31.780Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"category","value":"Psychiatry","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psychosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"condition","value":"Schizophrenia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"condition","value":"Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"1","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"modality","value":"Antipsychotic","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"modality","value":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1844","value_numeric":1844},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"warning","value":"Effect sizes (Glass Δ 0.21–0.64) are small to moderate — the impact_flag 'practice_changing' reflects the biomarker and treatment-target implications highlighted by the authors, but individual predictive utility remains limited.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"warning","value":"The DOI and publication date (June 24, 2026) are in the future relative to known literature; content is treated as provided. No independent verification of the source was possible.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1674","tag_type":"warning","value":"The mega-analysis (n=1189) and meta-analysis (n=1844) use overlapping but non-identical study sets; sample size tag reflects the larger meta-analysis denominator.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This individual participant data (IPD) mega-analysis and meta-analysis examined differences in brain neurometabolites (glutamate, glutamate+glutamine, choline, myo-inositol, NAA, GABA, glutathione) across medial frontal cortex, DLPFC, thalamus, and basal ganglia between antipsychotic nonresponders, responders, and healthy controls in psychosis (1189 participants, 18 studies for mega-analysis; 1844 participants, 23 studies for meta-analysis).","key_result":"Antipsychotic nonresponders showed elevated medial frontal glutamate (Glass Δ = 0.21, P = .02), glutamate+glutamine (Glass Δ = 0.29, P = .002), choline (Glass Δ = 0.22, P = .03), and myo-inositol (Glass Δ = 0.35, P = .001) vs. responders; in first-episode psychosis, glutamate+glutamine elevation was prospectively confirmed (Glass Δ = 0.41, P = .002), and myo-inositol was most elevated in treatment-resistant cases (Glass Δ = 0.64, P = .001).","limitations":"- Effect sizes are small to moderate, limiting individual-level predictive utility.\n- Studies contributing IPD were heterogeneous in design, patient selection, and MRS acquisition methods.\n- Analyses were limited to regions and metabolites with sufficient data; some metabolites (e.g., GABA, glutathione) may have been underpowered.","practice_takeaway":"Elevated medial frontal glutamate and myo-inositol may serve as future biomarkers to flag patients at risk of antipsychotic nonresponse, especially in first-episode psychosis. 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Moderator analyses, subgroup breakdowns, and secondary outcomes could not be independently verified from the full text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02427-2","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study covers data up to December 2023; the publication date of May 2026 suggests a substantial lag that may affect currency of included datasets.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis examined how accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) relates to smartphone-based affective well-being (AWB) in daily life, pooling 67 datasets (N = 8,223 participants, ~321,345 AWB ratings, ~1,000,000 h of PA data) collected up to December 2023.","key_result":"PA showed small but consistent positive associations with momentary AWB both before (within-person r = 0.05, between-person r = 0.08) and after (within-person r = 0.04, between-person r = 0.08) PA episodes. Within persons, PA positively linked to energetic arousal, positive affect, and valence, but negatively to calmness; energetic arousal showed the strongest effect. Effect sizes were comparable to other daily-life activities, and substantial inter-individual heterogeneity was partly explained by sociodemographic moderators.","limitations":"Only 55.2% of eligible records were included, raising concerns about selection bias. Full text of individual pages was not extractable, limiting verification of subgroup and moderator analyses. Effect sizes are small and heterogeneity is high, limiting generalizability to specific individuals.","practice_takeaway":"Clinicians can reassure patients that even everyday PA—not just structured exercise—is linked to modest but real improvements in mood and energy in the moment. The negative link to calmness suggests PA may transiently increase arousal, which is worth discussing with patients who exercise for relaxation."}},{"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","pmid":"42061390","title":"Natural history of thyroid function in ageing: an individual participant data analysis of 137 488 participants from 31 prospective cohort studies","journal_title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology","journal_issn":"2213-8587","published_at":"2026-04-27T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","source_score":12,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:09.213Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:50:09.213Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"age_group","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"category","value":"Endocrinology & Metabolism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hyperthyroidism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hypothyroidism","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"condition","value":"Thyroid Dysfunction","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"practice_changing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"modality","value":"Thyroid Function Testing","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=137,488","value_numeric":137488},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"FT4 longitudinal trends diverged by iodine status (increased in iodine-sufficient, decreased in iodine-insufficient regions), so findings should be interpreted within the relevant regional context.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"Mortality associations are based on observational data; direction of causality and whether thyroid changes are markers vs. mediators of mortality is unknown.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00009-4","tag_type":"warning","value":"The study is registered but no funding source is declared ('None'), which is unusual for a 31-cohort international IPD study — clinicians should verify the absence of undisclosed conflicts of interest.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This IPD analysis of 31 prospective cohorts (n=137,488; age 18–106 years; median 60) examined how TSH and FT4 change with ageing across sexes and iodine-status regions, and whether patterns of thyroid function change are associated with all-cause mortality.","key_result":"TSH rose modestly with age longitudinally regardless of iodine status (+0.61 mIU/L in females, +0.99 mIU/L in males from iodine-sufficient regions, age 18→100). All changing thyroid function patterns carried higher mortality risk vs. stable function: increasing TSH with stable/falling FT4 (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.57–2.06), increasing TSH + rising FT4 (HR 2.45, 2.01–2.97), decreasing TSH + falling FT4 (HR 2.45, 1.99–3.01), and decreasing TSH with stable/rising FT4 (HR 1.94, 1.68–2.24).","limitations":"- Causality cannot be established from observational data; residual confounding is likely.\n- Iodine status classification was at the cohort/region level, not individual level.\n- Cross-sectional findings conflicted with longitudinal findings for FT4, highlighting survivor and selection bias risks inherent in ageing cohorts.","practice_takeaway":"Most adults maintain stable thyroid function with a slight TSH rise over their lifetime — clinicians should not over-interpret mild TSH increases as pathological in older patients. However, any directional change in TSH or FT4 over time (up or down) signals meaningfully higher all-cause mortality risk and warrants closer follow-up."}},{"doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","pmid":"41778313","title":"Perihematomal Edema and Functional Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data","journal_title":"Stroke","journal_issn":"0039-2499","published_at":"2026-03-04T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","source_score":33,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"pubmed":true,"crossref":true,"unpaywall":true},"created_at":"2026-05-07T22:51:10.114Z","updated_at":"2026-05-07T22:51:10.114Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"age_group","value":"adult","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"category","value":"Clinical Neurology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"condition","value":"Intracerebral Hemorrhage","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"confirms_prior","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"level_of_evidence","value":"2","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"modality","value":"CT Imaging Biomarker","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"sample_size","value":"n=1523","value_numeric":1523},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"sex","value":"mixed","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"warning","value":"ICH volumes in this dataset had an IQR of 6–21 mL; outcome predictions from these models may not generalize to patients with very large hematomas.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"warning","value":"INTERACT 1 and 2 intervention arms were included; blood pressure lowering in INTERACT 1 did not significantly affect PHE, but this may have slightly attenuated the effect size for the 0–24h window.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"warning","value":"The adjusted OR per 1 mL PHE growth is modest (1.02–1.04), which may have limited clinical significance at individual patient level despite statistical significance. Clinicians should interpret this in the context of the overall ICH severity.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.125.053991","tag_type":"warning","value":"The literature search was originally conducted to November 2021; an updated search in August 2025 identified 5 new potentially eligible cohorts (n=586) not included in this analysis, so results may not reflect the full available evidence base.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis examined whether absolute perihematomal edema (PHE) growth on serial CT scans—measured at 24±12 hours and 72±12 hours after ICH onset—is independently associated with death or dependence (mRS 3–6) at 90 days in adults with non-traumatic ICH not treated with surgery or PHE-altering therapies.","key_result":"PHE growth was independently associated with death or dependence at both time points. At 24±12 hours (n=1,347): adjusted OR 1.04 per mL (95% CI 1.01–1.06; P<0.01). At 72±12 hours (n=495): adjusted OR 1.02 per mL (95% CI 1.01–1.04; P<0.01). Results were consistent in unadjusted and adjusted models and in fixed- and random-effects analyses.","limitations":"- Only 12 of 38 eligible studies provided IPD, and 26% of eligible studies did not respond; only 18% of all shared participant data met inclusion criteria, raising the risk of selection bias.\n- Glasgow Coma Scale was not available from one cohort and could not be included in multivariable adjustment.\n- PHE growth beyond 72 hours could not be assessed due to insufficient repeat imaging at later time points.","practice_takeaway":"PHE growth measurable on routine CT within 24–72 hours of ICH onset is an independent predictor of death or dependence at 90 days, supporting its use as an imaging biomarker for trial enrollment and prognostication. Clinicians evaluating ICH patients should consider serial CT at 24 or 72 hours to quantify PHE growth, particularly for identifying candidates for trials targeting secondary brain injury."}}],"initialOffset":9,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"study_design","value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Study Designs","href":"/hub/tag/study_design"},{"name":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"study_design","hub_tag_value":"Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis"}}}]]

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