2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T5e3,The GWAS on HS included 4814 case patients and more than 1.2 million controls from Denmark, Iceland, Finland, the UK, and the US. The BMI GWAS involved 700 000 individuals from the UK Biobank and GIANT consortium. Smoking data were obtained from 1.23 million participants in an international consortium. The psoriasis GWAS analyzed 39 498 case patients and 286 769 controls from White European populations and a DNA genetic testing company. The IBD GWAS meta-analysis included 38 155 case patients and 48 485 controls from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Genetics Consortium. The SSc GWAS included 9095 case patients and 17 584 controls from White European populations. Genetic correlations (rg) were found between HS and all exposure phenotypes except SSc (BMI: rg = 0.36, P < .001; smoking: rg = 0.33, P < .001; IBD: rg = 0.25, P < .001; psoriasis: rg = 0.34, P < .001; SSc: rg = 0.33, P = .22). MR analyses supported an effect of BMI on HS (β = 0.87; odds ratio [OR] per BMI unit, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P < .001) without signs of pleiotropy (slope: β = 0.91, P < .001, P for intercept = .76). Smoking showed a significant causal estimate (β = 0.59, P < .001), but results became inconclusive in subsequent sensitivity analyses. Among IBD, psoriasis, and SSc, results supported a causal effect of IBD on HS (β = 0.18, OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.24; P < .001), without signs of pleiotropy.31:Taef,Smoking and obesity are associated with risk of hidradenitis suppurativa, and both are considered important environmental risk factors. However, a causal relationship remains unproven. To primarily investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and smoking and HS, and secondarily to investigate potential relationships between 3 inflammatory diseases (psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and systemic sclerosis [SSc]) and HS. A mendelian randomization (MR) study conducted in 2024 on 5 exposure phenotypes (BMI, smoking, psoriasis, IBD, and SSc) on the outcome of phenotype HS was conducted. The MR analyses used large genetic White European cohorts from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of each of the 6 phenotypes. Initial analyses were conducted May, 2024, and were updated in May, 2025. The 5 exposure phenotypes using predetermined genome-wide significant single-nucleotide variants as proxies for each particular exposure. The GWAS on HS included 4814 case patients and more than 1.2 million controls from Denmark, Iceland, Finland, the UK, and the US. The BMI GWAS involved 700 000 individuals from the UK Biobank and GIANT consortium. Smoking data were obtained from 1.23 million participants in an international consortium. The psoriasis GWAS analyzed 39 498 case patients and 286 769 controls from White European populations and a DNA genetic testing company. The IBD GWAS meta-analysis included 38 155 case patients and 48 485 controls from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Genetics Consortium. The SSc GWAS included 9095 case patients and 17 584 controls from White European populations. Genetic correlations (rg) were found between HS and all exposure phenotypes except SSc (BMI: rg = 0.36, P < .001; smoking: rg = 0.33, P < .001; IBD: rg = 0.25, P < .001; psoriasis: rg = 0.34, P < .001; SSc: rg = 0.33, P = .22). MR analyses supported an effect of BMI on HS (β = 0.87; odds ratio [OR] per BMI unit, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P < .001) without signs of pleiotropy (slope: β = 0.91, P < .001, P for intercept = .76). Smoking showed a significant causal estimate (β = 0.59, P < .001), but results became inconclusive in subsequent sensitivity analyses. Among IBD, psoriasis, and SSc, results supported a causal effect of IBD on HS (β = 0.18, OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.24; P < .001), without signs of pleiotropy. These findings indicate causal effects of IBD and increased BMI on the risk of HS. This information may help physicians inform patients about disease risk contributed by modifiable lifestyle behaviors, which can be beneficial for planning lifestyle interventions.32:T15e1, Importance Smoking and obesity are associated with risk of hidradenitis suppurativa, and both are considered important environmental risk factors. However, a causal relationship remains unproven. Objective To primarily investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and smoking and HS, and secondarily to investigate potential relationships between 3 inflammatory diseases (psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and systemic sclerosis [SSc]) and HS. Design, Setting, and Participants A mendelian randomization (MR) study conducted in 2024 on 5 exposure phenotypes (BMI, smoking, psoriasis, IBD, and SSc) on the outcome of phenotype HS was conducted. The MR analyses used large genetic White European cohorts from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of each of the 6 phenotypes. Initial analyses were conducted May, 2024, and were updated in May, 2025. Exposure The 5 exposure phenotypes using predetermined genome-wide significant single-nucleotide variants as proxies for each particular exposure. Results The GWAS on HS included 4814 case patients and more than 1.2 million controls from Denmark, Iceland, Finland, the UK, and the US. The BMI GWAS involved 700 000 individuals from the UK Biobank and GIANT consortium. Smoking data were obtained from 1.23 million participants in an international consortium. The psoriasis GWAS analyzed 39 498 case patients and 286 769 controls from White European populations and a DNA genetic testing company. The IBD GWAS meta-analysis included 38 155 case patients and 48 485 controls from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Genetics Consortium. The SSc GWAS included 9095 case patients and 17 584 controls from White European populations. Genetic correlations ( r g ) were found between HS and all exposure phenotypes except SSc (BMI: r g = 0.36, P &lt; .001; smoking: r g = 0.33, P &lt; .001; IBD: r g = 0.25, P &lt; .001; psoriasis: r g = 0.34, P &lt; .001; SSc: r g = 0.33, P = .22). MR analyses supported an effect of BMI on HS (β = 0.87; odds ratio [OR] per BMI unit, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P &lt; .001) without signs of pleiotropy (slope: β = 0.91, P &lt; .001, P for intercept = .76). Smoking showed a significant causal estimate (β = 0.59, P &lt; .001), but results became inconclusive in subsequent sensitivity analyses. Among IBD, psoriasis, and SSc, results supported a causal effect of IBD on HS (β = 0.18, OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.24; P &lt; .001), without signs of pleiotropy. Conclusions and Relevance These findings indicate causal effects of IBD and increased BMI on the risk of HS. This information may help physicians inform patients about disease risk contributed by modifiable lifestyle behaviors, which can be beneficial for planning lifestyle interventions. 33:T4fc,Existing research have suggested a significant association between micronutrients and childhood asthma, but the specific causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma using Mendelian randomization methods. We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of micronutrients (Copper, Calcium, Carotene, Folate, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Zinc) and childhood asthma among European individuals from the Open GWAS and FinnGen databases. Five Mendelian randomization methods-Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode-were employed to investigate the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma. The IVW method revealed a significant inverse association between zinc and the risk of childhood asthma (OR: 0.002, 95% CI: 0.000-0.153, Our study confirms the specific causal relationships between micronutrients and childhood asthma using Mendelian randomization methods.34:T6af,To analyze causality between gut microbiota and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to investigate the mediating effect of metabolic pathways. We extracted genome-wide association study summary statistics for 211 microbiota taxa from the MiBioGen consortium (N=18 340), 205 microbiota metabolic pathways from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N=7738), and CSU from the FinnGen genomics initiative (N=450). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to detect genetic causality between gut microbiota, gut bacterial pathways, and CSU. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Mediation MR investigated mediators in the association between gut microbiota and CSU. MR analysis suggested that the family Peptococcaceae and its child taxon, the genus Peptococcus, were risk factors for CSU. In addition, the genera Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas were also risk factors for CSU, whereas Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter had protective effects on CSU. As for metabolic pathways, NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, and PWY-7221 were positively associated with CSU, although others, such as KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY, PWY- 6353, and PWY-7400 presented a suggestive association with CSU. Moreover, PWY-7400 was a mediator in causality between the family Peptococcaceae and CSU. These results were based on nominal significance (P<.05). None of the Bonferroni-corrected P values were <.05. Our study confirmed a causal association between gut microbiota and CSU, with the the metabolic pathway being a potential mediator. Our findings provide new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies in CSU.35:T6f1,Background: To analyze causality between gut microbiota and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to investigate the mediating effect of metabolic pathways. Methods: We extracted genome-wide association study summary statistics for 211 microbiota taxa from the MiBioGen consortium (N=18 340), 205 microbiota metabolic pathways from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N=7738), and CSU from the FinnGen genomics initiative (N=450). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to detect genetic causality between gut microbiota, gut bacterial pathways, and CSU. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Mediation MR investigated mediators in the association between gut microbiota and CSU. Results: MR analysis suggested that the family Peptococcaceae and its child taxon, the genus Peptococcus, were risk factors for CSU. In addition, the genera Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas were also risk factors for CSU, whereas Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter had protective effects on CSU. As for metabolic pathways, NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, and PWY-7221 were positively associated with CSU, although others, such as KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY, PWY- 6353, and PWY-7400 presented a suggestive association with CSU. Moreover, PWY-7400 was a mediator in causality between the family Peptococcaceae and CSU. These results were based on nominal significance (P<.05). None of the Bonferroni-corrected P values were <.05. Conclusions: Our study confirmed a causal association between gut microbiota and CSU, with the the metabolic pathway being a potential mediator. Our findings provide new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies in CSU.36:T7c5,Lipid pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and some lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, are hypothesized to have disease-modifying properties. However, large population-level studies are scarce, and causal interpretation of results from traditional observational designs is limited by confounding. To investigate the causal association between genetically proxied lipid-lowering drugs and psoriasis risk. This 2-sample mendelian randomization study was performed from August to October 2022 and included population-level genome-wide association studies of psoriasis in the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. The inverse variance-weighted method was used with pleiotropy robust methods and colocalization as sensitivity analyses. Genetically proxied inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR, targeted by statins), Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1, targeted by ezetimibe), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9, targeted by, eg, alirocumab), using LDL as the biomarker. Risk of psoriasis. Data from 12 116 patients with psoriasis and approximately 1.3 million individuals with LDL measurement were analyzed. Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition was associated with reduced risk of psoriasis (odds ratio, 0.69 per standard deviation reduction in LDL; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .003), which was replicated in FinnGen (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.88; P = .002). Sensitivity analyses did not provide statistical evidence of bias from pleiotropy or genetic confounding. No robust association was found for HMGCR or NPC1L1 inhibition. This mendelian randomization study suggests that PCSK9 is implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis, and its inhibition is associated with reduced psoriasis risk. These findings potentially pave the way for future studies that may allow personalized selection of lipid-lowering drugs for those at risk of psoriasis.37:Tab6,ImportanceLipid pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and some lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, are hypothesized to have disease-modifying properties. However, large population-level studies are scarce, and causal interpretation of results from traditional observational designs is limited by confounding.ObjectiveTo investigate the causal association between genetically proxied lipid-lowering drugs and psoriasis risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 2-sample mendelian randomization study was performed from August to October 2022 and included population-level genome-wide association studies of psoriasis in the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. The inverse variance–weighted method was used with pleiotropy robust methods and colocalization as sensitivity analyses.ExposuresGenetically proxied inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR, targeted by statins), Niemann-Pick C1–like 1 (NPC1L1, targeted by ezetimibe), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9, targeted by, eg, alirocumab), using LDL as the biomarker.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRisk of psoriasis.ResultsData from 12 116 patients with psoriasis and approximately 1.3 million individuals with LDL measurement were analyzed. Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition was associated with reduced risk of psoriasis (odds ratio, 0.69 per standard deviation reduction in LDL; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .003), which was replicated in FinnGen (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.88; P = .002). Sensitivity analyses did not provide statistical evidence of bias from pleiotropy or genetic confounding. No robust association was found for HMGCR or NPC1L1 inhibition.Conclusions and RelevanceThis mendelian randomization study suggests that PCSK9 is implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis, and its inhibition is associated with reduced psoriasis risk. These findings potentially pave the way for future studies that may allow personalized selection of lipid-lowering drugs for those at risk of psoriasis.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Mendelian Randomization: study design Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Mendelian Randomization (study design). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Mendelian%20Randomization\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Study Designs\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Mendelian Randomization\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Mendelian%20Randomization\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Mendelian Randomization: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Browse Mendelian Randomization research papers with clear, practical takeaways for your clinical practice.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","pmid":"41405899","title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking, Obesity, Psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Sclerosis","journal_title":"JAMA Dermatology","journal_issn":"2168-6068","published_at":"2025-12-17T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/aa2f0639-3762-48dd-aff4-c2847d9568b9","source_score":32,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-19","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","days":"30","issn":"2168-6068","rank":"10","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"32","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking, Obesity, Psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Sclerosis: Results From A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","journal":"JAMA dermatology","methods":"","results":"$30","abstract":"$31","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41405899","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","ISSN":["2168-6068"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/articlepdf/2842470/jamadermatology_kjrsgaard_andersen_2025_oi_250061_1764627614.99488.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking, Obesity, Psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Sclerosis"],"author":[{"given":"Rune","family":"Kjærsgaard Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Peter Theut","family":"Riis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Zachariae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Simon Francis","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Quin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Khoa Manh","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Banasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Søren","family":"Brunak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hjalgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Sørensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ullum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Nyegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Mie Topholm","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Erikstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Sisse Rye","family":"Ostrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Eidsmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Division of Dermatovenereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and ME Gastro/HUD/Reuma, Karolinska University Hospital Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ditte Marie","family":"Lindhardt Saunte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Ole Birger Vesterager","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Gregor Borut Ernst","family":"Jemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"member":"10","prefix":"10.1001","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:00:32Z","timestamp":1765987232000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:02:48Z","timestamp":1765987368667,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$32","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2842470"}},"subtitle":["Results From A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:00:34Z","timestamp":1765987234000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-6068"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00087.x","key":"doi250061r1","year":"2000","issue":"5","author":"von der Werth","volume":"14","first-page":"389","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The natural history of hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMcp1014163","key":"doi250061r2","year":"2012","issue":"2","author":"Jemec","volume":"366","first-page":"158","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Clinical practice. hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ijd.14651","key":"doi250061r3","year":"2020","issue":"2","author":"Kjaersgaard Andersen","volume":"59","first-page":"216","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Psoriasis as a comorbidity of hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0891","key":"doi250061r4","year":"2019","issue":"9","author":"Chen","volume":"155","first-page":"1022","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association of hidradenitis suppurativa with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jdin.2024.07.017","key":"doi250061r5","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Kassels","volume":"17","first-page":"55","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with inflammatory arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other autoimmune diseases: a retrospective population-level study.","journal-title":"JAAD Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2024.11.050","key":"doi250061r6","year":"2025","issue":"4","author":"Andersen","volume":"92","first-page":"761","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A genome-wide association meta-analysis links hidradenitis suppurativa to common and rare sequence variants causing disruption of the Notch and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02475-9","key":"doi250061r7","year":"2025","issue":"10476","author":"Sabat","volume":"405","first-page":"420","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.045","key":"doi250061r8","year":"2015","issue":"5","author":"Prens","volume":"73","first-page":"S8","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa: an update.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10875-023-01518-3","key":"doi250061r9","year":"2023","issue":"6","author":"Colvin","volume":"43","first-page":"1040","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Inborn errors of immunity in hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis and disease burden.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.19210","key":"doi250061r10","year":"2020","issue":"5","author":"Ingram","volume":"183","first-page":"950","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa is one percent of the population of Wales using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.16101","key":"doi250061r11","year":"2018","issue":"4","author":"Ingram","volume":"178","first-page":"917","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Population-based clinical practice research datalink study using algorithm modelling to identify the true burden of hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/jdv.17857","key":"doi250061r12","year":"2022","issue":"5","author":"Kjaersgaard Andersen","volume":"36","first-page":"717","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Incidence and remission rates of self-reported hidradenitis suppurativa—a prospective cohort study conducted in Danish blood donors.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000536389","key":"doi250061r13","year":"2024","issue":"3","author":"Bouazzi","volume":"240","first-page":"369","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The global hidradenitis suppurativa atlas methodology: combining global proportions in a pooled analysis.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.21234","key":"doi250061r14","year":"2022","issue":"4","author":"Hagan","volume":"187","first-page":"586","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Berekum, Ghana.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jdin.2020.02.001","key":"doi250061r15","year":"2020","issue":"1","author":"Hagan","volume":"1","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence in Berekum, Ghana: a cross-sectional study and initial validation of a questionnaire in an African setting.","journal-title":"JAAD Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000539599","key":"doi250061r16","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Chehad","volume":"241","first-page":"9","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence in Algeria: a multicenter cross-sectional study.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000531561","key":"doi250061r17","year":"2023","issue":"5","author":"Anaba","volume":"239","first-page":"832","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in an African population: validation of a screening questionnaire in Lagos, Nigeria.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/ijd.17454","key":"doi250061r18","year":"2024","issue":"11","author":"Vural","volume":"63","first-page":"e358","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in a Turkish population: validation of a screening questionnaire in Istanbul, Turkey.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.2373","key":"doi250061r19","year":"2025","issue":"10","author":"Bouazzi","volume":"161","first-page":"1022","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa: a meta-analysis of global hidradenitis suppurativa atlas studies.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000539019","key":"doi250061r20","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Geng","volume":"241","first-page":"35","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Xi’an, China: a single center epidemiological study.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.2340/actadv.v103.4410","key":"doi250061r21","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Botvid","volume":"103","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence in Nuuk, Greenland: Physician Validation of a Hidradenitis Suppurativa Questionnaire in a Greenlandic setting.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1177/12034754241303060","key":"doi250061r22","year":"2024","issue":"2","author":"Johnston","volume":"29","first-page":"196","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Results from a Participating Site in the Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Atlas Cross-Sectional Study.","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.3630","key":"doi250061r23","year":"2020","issue":"12","author":"van Straalen","volume":"156","first-page":"1359","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Contribution of genetics to the susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa in a large, cross-sectional Dutch twin cohort.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.20654","key":"doi250061r24","year":"2022","issue":"1","author":"Kjaersgaard Andersen","volume":"186","first-page":"78","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Evidence of gene-gene interaction in hidradenitis suppurativa: a nationwide registry study of Danish twins.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.003","key":"doi250061r25","year":"2015","issue":"1","author":"Takazawa","volume":"79","first-page":"10","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Notch down-regulation in regenerated epidermis contributes to enhanced expression of interleukin-36a and suppression of keratinocyte differentiation during wound healing.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/stem.2723","key":"doi250061r26","year":"2018","issue":"1","author":"Veltri","volume":"36","first-page":"22","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Concise review: Wnt signaling pathways in skin development and epidermal stem cells.","journal-title":"Stem Cells","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00336-1","key":"doi250061r27","year":"2001","issue":"4","author":"Huelsken","volume":"105","first-page":"533","unstructured":null,"article-title":"beta-catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.","journal-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.stem.2013.10.003","key":"doi250061r28","year":"2013","issue":"6","author":"Choi","volume":"13","first-page":"720","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Distinct functions for Wnt/ß-catenin in hair follicle stem cell proliferation and survival and interfollicular epidermal homeostasis.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/jid.2012.372","key":"doi250061r29","year":"2013","issue":"3","author":"Pink","volume":"133","first-page":"601","unstructured":null,"article-title":"?-Secretase mutations in hidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease pathogenesis.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.12068","key":"doi250061r30","year":"2013","issue":"4","author":"Melnik","volume":"168","first-page":"876","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Impaired notch signalling: the unifying mechanism explaining the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa).","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.14024","key":"doi250061r31","year":"2015","issue":"5","author":"Tzellos","volume":"173","first-page":"1142","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.044","key":"doi250061r32","year":"2020","issue":"4","author":"Acharya","volume":"82","first-page":"1006","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa and smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ced/llad182","key":"doi250061r33","year":"2023","issue":"9","author":"Mintoff","volume":"48","first-page":"984","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Obesity and hidradenitis suppurativa: targeting meta-inflammation for therapeutic gain.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08604.x","key":"doi250061r34","year":"2008","issue":"1","author":"Happle","volume":"159","first-page":"255","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A lesson to be learned from Karl Marx: smoking triggers hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12916-024-03607-5","key":"doi250061r35","year":"2024","issue":"1","author":"Burgess","volume":"22","first-page":"374","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Addressing the credibility crisis in Mendelian randomization.","journal-title":"BMC Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.6068","key":"doi250061r36","year":"2025","issue":"3","author":"Hettinger","volume":"161","first-page":"328","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization for dermatology research.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1101/cshperspect.a040501","key":"doi250061r37","year":"2022","issue":"1","author":"Richmond","volume":"12","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization: concepts and scope.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10552-022-01562-1","key":"doi250061r38","year":"2022","issue":"5","author":"Wade","volume":"33","first-page":"631","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10654-017-0255-x","key":"doi250061r39","year":"2017","issue":"5","author":"Burgess","volume":"32","first-page":"377","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-019-12760-y","key":"doi250061r40","year":"2019","issue":"1","author":"López-Isac","volume":"10","first-page":"4955","unstructured":null,"article-title":"GWAS for systemic sclerosis identifies multiple risk loci and highlights fibrotic and vasculopathy pathways.","journal-title":"Nat Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/hmg/ddy271","key":"doi250061r41","year":"2018","issue":"20","author":"Yengo","volume":"27","first-page":"3641","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ~700000 individuals of European ancestry.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41588-018-0307-5","key":"doi250061r42","year":"2019","issue":"2","author":"Liu","volume":"51","first-page":"237","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/ncomms15382","key":"doi250061r43","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Tsoi","volume":"8","first-page":"15382","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants.","journal-title":"Nat Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/ng.3359","key":"doi250061r44","year":"2015","issue":"9","author":"Liu","volume":"47","first-page":"979","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/ng.3211","key":"doi250061r45","year":"2015","issue":"3","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","volume":"47","first-page":"291","unstructured":null,"article-title":"LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nature14177","key":"doi250061r47","year":"2015","issue":"7538","author":"Locke","volume":"518","first-page":"197","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00265-012-1416-2","key":"doi250061r48","year":"2012","issue":"11","author":"Dingemanse","volume":"66","first-page":"1543","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Defining behavioural syndromes and the role of ‘syndrome deviation’ in understanding their evolution.","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19029","key":"doi250061r49","year":"2024","issue":"6","author":"Chodick","volume":"7","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Heritability of body mass index among familial generations.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10519-004-1327-8","key":"doi250061r50","year":"2005","issue":"4","author":"Vink","volume":"35","first-page":"397","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Heritability of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence.","journal-title":"Behav Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/hmg/ddu174","key":"doi250061r51","year":"2014","issue":"17","author":"Chen","volume":"23","first-page":"4710","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Estimation and partitioning of (co)heritability of inflammatory bowel disease from GWAS and immunochip data.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bjd.12375","key":"doi250061r52","year":"2013","issue":"2","author":"Lønnberg","volume":"169","first-page":"412","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Heritability of psoriasis in a large twin sample.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.005","key":"doi250061r53","year":"2015","issue":null,"author":"Bossini-Castillo","volume":"64","first-page":"53","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Immunogenetics of systemic sclerosis: Defining heritability, functional variants and shared-autoimmunity pathways.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ije/dyv080","key":"doi250061r54","year":"2015","issue":"2","author":"Bowden","volume":"44","first-page":"512","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ije/dyx034","key":"doi250061r55","year":"2017","issue":"6","author":"Yavorska","volume":"46","first-page":"1734","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization: an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1534/genetics.117.300630","key":"doi250061r57","year":"2018","issue":"3","author":"Sodini","volume":"209","first-page":"941","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic correlations: Cheverud’s conjecture in humans.","journal-title":"Genetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ajcn/nqaa181","key":"doi250061r58","year":"2020","issue":"4","author":"Masip","volume":"112","first-page":"956","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The genetic architecture of the association between eating behaviors and obesity: combining genetic twin modeling and polygenic risk scores.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.2340/00015555-1800","key":"doi250061r59","year":"2014","issue":"5","author":"Kromann","volume":"94","first-page":"553","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The influence of body weight on the prevalence and severity of hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/1346-8138.17328","key":"doi250061r60","year":"2024","issue":"10","author":"Luo","volume":"51","first-page":"1335","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and hidradenitis suppurativa: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.","journal-title":"J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/1346-8138.17436","key":"doi250061r61","year":"2025","issue":"1","author":"Wang","volume":"52","first-page":"155","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) with waist circumference: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of HS with metabolic syndrome.","journal-title":"J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1281","key":"doi250061r62","year":"2020","issue":"7","author":"Kjærsgaard Andersen","volume":"156","first-page":"780","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Disease trajectories for hidradenitis suppurativa in the Danish population.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.3779","key":"doi250061r63","year":"2024","issue":"1","author":"Nielsen","volume":"161","first-page":"22","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa and predisposition to cardiometabolic disease.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.020","key":"doi250061r64","year":"2008","issue":"4","author":"Revuz","volume":"59","first-page":"596","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: results from two case-control studies.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/bjd/ljad530","key":"doi250061r65","year":"2024","issue":"6","author":"Kjærsgaard Andersen","volume":"190","first-page":"904","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Initial steps towards developing a predictive algorithm of disease progression for hidradenitis suppurativa: results from a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis on disease progression amongst a cohort of 335 Danish patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000539443","key":"doi250061r66","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Ibekwe","volume":"241","first-page":"76","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa among healthy adults in Abuja, Nigeria.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000543025","key":"doi250061r67","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Saeed","volume":"241","first-page":"123","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000538727","key":"doi250061r68","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Binamer","volume":"241","first-page":"112","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Saudi Arabia.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1159/000540156","key":"doi250061r69","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Al Maharbi","volume":"241","first-page":"87","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Oman.","journal-title":"Dermatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r70","year":"2023","issue":"10","author":"Tolstrup","volume":"70","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Time trends in body mass index distribution in the general population in Denmark from 1987 to 2021.","journal-title":"Dan Med J","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1002/gepi.21998","key":"doi250061r76","year":"2016","issue":"7","author":"Burgess","volume":"40","first-page":"597","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample Mendelian randomization.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nature11582","key":"doi250061r77","year":"2012","issue":"7422","author":"Jostins","volume":"491","first-page":"119","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r56","year":"2016","issue":null,"author":"Wickham","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r46","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"BROAD Institute. European LD scores 2023. Accessed May 2023. https://alkesgroup.broadinstitute.org/","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r71","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Eurostat. Body mass index (BMI) by sex, age and educational attainment level 2019. Accessed January 9, 2025. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/HLTH_EHIS_BM1E__custom_6689691/default/table?lang=en&page=time:2019","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r72","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"UK Parliament HoCL. Health Survey for England 2022 2025. Accessed January 9, 2025. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r73","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Eurostat. Smoking of tobacco products by sex, age and educational attainment level 2019. Accessed January 9, 2025. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_ehis_sk1e/default/table?lang=en&category=hlth.hlth_det.hlth_smok","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r74","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Census2021. Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2023 2024. Accessed January 9, 2025. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain/2023","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi250061r75","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction. Tobacco smoking in Denmark 2023. Accessed January 9, 2025. https://gsthr.org/countries/profile/dnk/1/","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null}],"short-title":[],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"reference-count":77,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":77,"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","is_oa":true,"title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking, Obesity, Psoriasis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Sclerosis","updated":"2026-01-13T16:36:47+00:00","published_date":"2025-12-17","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/aa2f0639-3762-48dd-aff4-c2847d9568b9","pmh_id":"oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/aa2f0639-3762-48dd-aff4-c2847d9568b9","url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/aa2f0639-3762-48dd-aff4-c2847d9568b9"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-17T09:03:27.421Z","updated_at":"2026-01-17T09:03:27.421Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"condition","value":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"condition","value":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psoriasis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"condition","value":"Systemic Sclerosis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mendelian Randomization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"warning","value":"Results are from European-ancestry cohorts and may not generalize beyond these populations.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"warning","value":"The smoking effect lost robustness in sensitivity analyses, so its causality remains uncertain.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.5010","tag_type":"warning","value":"Total sample size varies by GWAS; the HS control count is reported as >1.2 million without an exact number.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A 2-sample Mendelian randomization tested whether BMI, smoking, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) causally influence hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) using large European-ancestry GWAS (HS: 4,814 cases and >1.2 million controls; exposures up to 1.23 million for smoking). Analyses were conducted in 2024 and updated in 2025.","key_result":"MR supported causal effects of higher BMI (OR per BMI unit 1.20, 95% CI 1.17-1.23; P<.001) and IBD (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.24; P<.001) on HS without signs of pleiotropy. Smoking showed a significant estimate (β=0.59; P<.001) but became inconclusive in sensitivity analyses; among IBD, psoriasis, and SSc, only IBD showed support.","limitations":"Findings are limited to White European cohorts, which may affect generalizability. The smoking result was not robust across sensitivity analyses.","practice_takeaway":"Counsel that higher BMI appears causally linked to HS risk; weight management is a reasonable focus. Consider IBD as a causal comorbidity in HS risk discussions, while noting the smoking link remains uncertain."}},{"doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","pmid":"41328755","title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma","journal_title":"Journal of Asthma","journal_issn":"0277-0903","published_at":"2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","source_score":1,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2026-01-07","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","days":"7","issn":"0277-0903","rank":"7","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"1","category":"Allergy","categories":["Allergy","Respiratory System"],"_categories":["Allergy","Respiratory System"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma.","journal":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","methods":"","results":"The IVW method revealed a significant inverse association between zinc and the risk of childhood asthma (OR: 0.002, 95% CI: 0.000-0.153, ","abstract":"$33","keywords":["Childhood asthma","Genome-wide association study (GWAS)","Mendelian randomization (MR)","Micronutrients"],"pubmed_id":"41328755","conclusions":"Our study confirms the specific causal relationships between micronutrients and childhood asthma using Mendelian randomization methods.","publication_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","ISSN":["0277-0903","1532-4303"],"link":[{"URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"1-10","type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma"],"author":[{"given":"Zhimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Caiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Huidan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine"}]}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program","award":["2024034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024034"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program","award":["2023028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023028"]}]},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81974579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974579"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100005893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100005893","name":"China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["CI2022E001XB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2022E001XB"]}],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"name":"Health Science and Technology Capacity Enhancement Program of Jilin Provincial Health Commission","award":["2022JC042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC042"]}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"member":"301","prefix":"10.1080","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:14:42Z","timestamp":1764677682000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:14:17Z","timestamp":1767705257029,"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement","order":1,"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope."},{"URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ijas20","name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope","order":2,"value":"http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ijas20"},{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-06-30"},{"name":"revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Revised","order":1,"value":"2025-11-16"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2025-11-25"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2025-12-13"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:46:49Z","timestamp":1767703609000,"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0903"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-4303"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1016/j.iac.2018.12.007","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11882-004-0062-9","key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/pai.13961","key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/ijms22052412","key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11882-020-00941-5","key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s12098-021-03941-z","key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1080/1744666x.2017.1257940","key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1097/aci.0000000000000922","key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu10101531","key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1111/pai.13984","key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu13114001","key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu9121286","key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.17219/acem/67222","key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/jrsm.1346","key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30389-8","key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.02.022","key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehad736","key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1001/jama.2017.17219","key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nature15393","key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/gepi.21758","key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10654-017-0255-x","key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/gepi.21965","key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu12010236","key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu10010016","key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/biom12121748","key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu10010068","key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41577-020-00477-9","key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00498-2","key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41430-022-01191-6","key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.arbres.2015.11.008","key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/s0095-4543(01)00008-2","key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.3390/nu11102273","key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4","key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y","key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2006.01.006","key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9","key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/jn/133.5.1452S","key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1007/s11357-011-9377-3","key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1080/tandf_crossmark_01","alternative-id":["10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656"],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Journal of Asthma"],"reference-count":38,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":38,"short-container-title":["Journal of Asthma"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","is_oa":false,"title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationship between micronutrients and childhood asthma","updated":"2025-12-15T00:25:58+00:00","published_date":"2025-12-02","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-01-11T11:19:33.869Z","updated_at":"2026-01-11T11:19:33.869Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"age_group","value":"pediatric","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"category","value":"Respiratory System","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"condition","value":"Childhood Asthma","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mendelian Randomization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"warning","value":"Abstract text appears truncated; key details (e.g., p-values, full CI statement) are missing.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"warning","value":"No sample sizes or instrument strength metrics are reported.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2596656","tag_type":"warning","value":"Only an IVW estimate for zinc is provided; findings for other micronutrients and sensitivity analyses are not described.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization used GWAS summary data on multiple micronutrients (e.g., zinc) and childhood asthma in Europeans from Open GWAS and FinnGen, analyzed with IVW, weighted median, MR‑Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode.","key_result":"With IVW, zinc was inversely associated with childhood asthma risk (OR 0.002; 95% CI 0.000–0.153).","limitations":"Only the IVW result for zinc is reported; results for other micronutrients and MR methods are not detailed. The confidence interval is extremely wide (0.000–0.153), and sample size and instrument strength are not provided."}},{"doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","pmid":"39913178","title":"Causal Effect Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Bacterial Pathway, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Large-Scale Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis","journal_title":"Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology","journal_issn":"1018-9068","published_at":"2025-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.1054","source_score":14,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-17","doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","days":"30","issn":"1018-9068","rank":"4","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"14","category":"Allergy","categories":["Allergy"],"_categories":["Allergy"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","title":"Causal Effect Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Bacterial Pathway, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Large-Scale Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","journal":"Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology","methods":"","results":"MR analysis suggested that the family Peptococcaceae and its child taxon, the genus Peptococcus, were risk factors for CSU. In addition, the genera Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas were also risk factors for CSU, whereas Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter had protective effects on CSU. As for metabolic pathways, NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, and PWY-7221 were positively associated with CSU, although others, such as KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY, PWY- 6353, and PWY-7400 presented a suggestive association with CSU. Moreover, PWY-7400 was a mediator in causality between the family Peptococcaceae and CSU. These results were based on nominal significance (P<.05). None of the Bonferroni-corrected P values were <.05.","abstract":"$34","keywords":["Chronic spontaneous urticaria","Gut microbiota","Mediation effect","Mendelian randomization","Metabolic pathway"],"pubmed_id":"39913178","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-02-06T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","URL":"https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.1054","ISSN":["1018-9068"],"page":"431-440","type":"journal-article","issue":"6","score":1,"title":["Causal Effect Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Bacterial Pathway, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Large-Scale Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis"],"author":[{"given":"Yuxu","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongze","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"member":"7491","prefix":"10.18176","source":"Crossref","volume":"35","created":{"date-time":"2025-02-06T11:27:43Z","timestamp":1738841263000,"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:18:36Z","timestamp":1768288716358,"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$35","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://www.jiaci.org/summary/vol35-issue6-num3179"}},"subtitle":[],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-12-16T14:24:38Z","timestamp":1765895078000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-9068"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"publisher":"Esmon Publicidad, SA","reference":null,"short-title":[],"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}},"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":["English"],"container-title":["Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference-count":0,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":0,"short-container-title":["J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"],"is-referenced-by-count":2},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","is_oa":true,"title":"Causal Effect Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Bacterial Pathway, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Large-Scale Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis","updated":"2026-01-01T00:56:08+00:00","published_date":"2025-02-06","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://www.jiaci.org/revistas/doi10.18176_jiaci.1054_supplemental-materials-figure_1.pdf","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":"https://www.jiaci.org/revistas/doi10.18176_jiaci.1054_supplemental-materials-figure_1.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.1054"}}},"created_at":"2026-01-11T11:19:33.869Z","updated_at":"2026-01-16T11:56:46.634Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"category","value":"Allergy","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"condition","value":"Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mendelian Randomization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"warning","value":"Details of reverse-direction MR and sensitivity analyses (e.g., pleiotropy, heterogeneity) were not reported in the provided text.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"warning","value":"None of the associations met multiple-testing correction; interpret as exploratory.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.18176/jiaci.1054","tag_type":"warning","value":"The CSU outcome sample size (N=450) is small for MR and may reduce power.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A bidirectional Mendelian randomization used GWAS summary data to test causal links between gut microbiota (211 taxa; MiBioGen N=18,340), gut bacterial metabolic pathways (205 pathways; Dutch Microbiome Project N=7,738), and chronic spontaneous urticaria (FinnGen N=450), including mediation by pathways.","key_result":"Nominal MR signals (P<.05) associated Peptococcaceae and Peptococcus, Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas with higher CSU risk, while Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter were linked to lower risk. Several pathways (NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, PWY-7221) were positively associated with CSU, PWY-7400 showed suggestive association and mediated the Peptococcaceae–CSU link; however, none of the Bonferroni-corrected P values were <.05.","limitations":"All findings were only nominally significant and did not survive Bonferroni correction. The CSU GWAS sample was small (N=450), which limits power to detect robust effects.","practice_takeaway":"These results are exploratory and do not justify changes to CSU management or microbiome-targeted interventions; they primarily guide future mechanistic studies."}},{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","pmid":"36696131","title":"Association of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Risk of Psoriasis","journal_title":"JAMA Dermatology","journal_issn":"2168-6068","published_at":"2023-01-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9878432","source_score":41,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2023-02-03","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","days":"30","issn":"2168-6068","rank":"3","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"41","category":"Dermatology","categories":["Dermatology"],"_categories":["Dermatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","title":"Association of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Risk of Psoriasis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","journal":"JAMA dermatology","methods":"","results":"Data from 12 116 patients with psoriasis and approximately 1.3 million individuals with LDL measurement were analyzed. Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition was associated with reduced risk of psoriasis (odds ratio, 0.69 per standard deviation reduction in LDL; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .003), which was replicated in FinnGen (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.88; P = .002). Sensitivity analyses did not provide statistical evidence of bias from pleiotropy or genetic confounding. No robust association was found for HMGCR or NPC1L1 inhibition.","abstract":"$36","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"36696131","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2023-01-26T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","ISSN":["2168-6068"],"link":[{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/articlepdf/2800634/jamadermatology_zhao_2023_oi_220068_1677862995.84121.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":"275","type":"journal-article","issue":"3","score":1,"title":["Association of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Risk of Psoriasis"],"author":[{"given":"Sizheng Steven","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England"}]},{"given":"Zenas Z. N.","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health and Care Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"member":"10","prefix":"10.1001","source":"Crossref","volume":"159","created":{"date-time":"2023-01-25T16:05:45Z","timestamp":1674662745000,"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:58:58Z","timestamp":1758473938109,"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"subject":[],"abstract":"$37","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2800634"}},"subtitle":["A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"deposited":{"date-time":"2023-03-15T15:13:46Z","timestamp":1678893226000,"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-6068"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.053","key":"doi220068r1","year":"2013","issue":"6","author":"Miller","volume":"69","first-page":"1014","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Meta-analysis of psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.10.004","key":"doi220068r2","year":"2008","issue":"12","author":"Friedewald","volume":"102","first-page":"1631","unstructured":null,"article-title":"AJC editor’s consensus: psoriasis and coronary artery disease.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.058","key":"doi220068r3","year":"2019","issue":"4","author":"Elmets","volume":"80","first-page":"1073","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with awareness and attention to comorbidities.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.5114/aoms.2019.90343","key":"doi220068r4","year":"2019","issue":"1","author":"Socha","volume":"16","first-page":"1","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The effect of statins on psoriasis severity: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.046","key":"doi220068r5","year":"2019","issue":"4","author":"Luan","volume":"139","first-page":"859","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Potentiation of psoriasis-like inflammation by PCSK9.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/jid.2009.173","key":"doi220068r6","year":"2009","issue":"12","author":"Gudjonsson","volume":"129","first-page":"2795","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Global gene expression analysis reveals evidence for decreased lipid biosynthesis and increased innate immunity in uninvolved psoriatic skin.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres","key":"doi220068r7","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Gill","volume":"6","first-page":"16","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization for studying the effects of perturbing drug targets.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/hmg/ddu328","key":"doi220068r8","year":"2014","issue":"R1","author":"Davey Smith","volume":"23","first-page":"R89","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41588-018-0079-y","key":"doi220068r9","year":"2018","issue":"4","author":"Zengini","volume":"50","first-page":"549","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41588-018-0184-y","key":"doi220068r10","year":"2018","issue":"9","author":"Zhou","volume":"50","first-page":"1335","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z","key":"doi220068r11","year":"2018","issue":"7726","author":"Bycroft","volume":"562","first-page":"203","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data.","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/ng.2467","key":"doi220068r12","year":"2012","issue":"12","author":"Tsoi","volume":"44","first-page":"1341","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41586-021-04064-3","key":"doi220068r14","year":"2021","issue":"7890","author":"Graham","volume":"600","first-page":"675","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids.","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/gepi.2013.37.issue-7","key":"doi220068r15","year":"2013","issue":"7","author":"Burgess","volume":"37","first-page":"658","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1136/bmj.k601","key":"doi220068r16","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Davies","volume":"362","first-page":"k601","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians.","journal-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0167-9473(01)00097-4","key":"doi220068r17","year":"2002","issue":null,"author":"Li","volume":"40","first-page":"21","unstructured":null,"article-title":"An approximation to the F distribution using the chi-square distribution.","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ije/dyr036","key":"doi220068r18","year":"2011","issue":"3","author":"Burgess","volume":"40","first-page":"755","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.001","key":"doi220068r19","year":"2022","issue":"5","author":"Zuber","volume":"109","first-page":"767","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Combining evidence from Mendelian randomization and colocalization: review and comparison of approaches.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pgen.1004383","key":"doi220068r20","year":"2014","issue":"5","author":"Giambartolomei","volume":"10","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Bayesian test for colocalisation between pairs of genetic association studies using summary statistics.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ije/dyv080","key":"doi220068r21","year":"2015","issue":"2","author":"Bowden","volume":"44","first-page":"512","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1002/gepi.2016.40.issue-4","key":"doi220068r22","year":"2016","issue":"4","author":"Bowden","volume":"40","first-page":"304","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/ije/dyx102","key":"doi220068r23","year":"2017","issue":"6","author":"Hartwig","volume":"46","first-page":"1985","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Robust inference in summary data mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btw373","key":"doi220068r24","year":"2016","issue":"20","author":"Staley","volume":"32","first-page":"3207","unstructured":null,"article-title":"PhenoScanner: a database of human genotype-phenotype associations.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/bioinformatics/btz469","key":"doi220068r25","year":"2019","issue":"22","author":"Kamat","volume":"35","first-page":"4851","unstructured":null,"article-title":"PhenoScanner V2: an expanded tool for searching human genotype-phenotype associations.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1093/rheumatology/keac403","key":"doi220068r26","year":null,"issue":null,"author":"Zhao","volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Association between psoriatic disease and lifestyle factors and comorbidities: cross-sectional analysis and Mendelian randomisation.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/ng.3396","key":"doi220068r27","year":"2015","issue":"10","author":"Nikpay","volume":"47","first-page":"1121","unstructured":null,"article-title":"A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41588-021-00978-w","key":"doi220068r28","year":"2021","issue":"12","author":"Ferkingstad","volume":"53","first-page":"1712","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Large-scale integration of the plasma proteome with genetics and disease.","journal-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.7554/eLife.34408","key":"doi220068r29","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Hemani","volume":"7","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome.","journal-title":"Elife","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018531","key":"doi220068r30","year":"2016","issue":"13","author":"Leander","volume":"133","first-page":"1230","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) predicts future risk of cardiovascular events independently of established risk factors.","journal-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.115","key":"doi220068r31","year":"2021","issue":"2","author":"Garshick","volume":"141","first-page":"308","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Characterization of PCSK9 in the blood and skin of psoriasis.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.4110/in.2019.19.e41","key":"doi220068r32","year":"2019","issue":"6","author":"Kim","volume":"19","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"A critical role of PCSK9 in mediating IL-17–producing T cell responses in hyperlipidemia.","journal-title":"Immune Netw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-018-20425-x","key":"doi220068r33","year":"2018","issue":"1","author":"Ricci","volume":"8","first-page":"2267","unstructured":null,"article-title":"PCSK9 induces a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages.","journal-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":"10.1074/jbc.M115.664706","key":"doi220068r34","year":"2016","issue":"7","author":"Ruscica","volume":"291","first-page":"3508","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) induces proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression in hepatic hepG2 cell line.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"DOI":null,"key":"doi220068r13","year":null,"issue":null,"author":null,"volume":null,"first-page":null,"unstructured":"The Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current","article-title":null,"journal-title":null,"doi-asserted-by":null}],"short-title":[],"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"original-title":[],"container-title":["JAMA Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference-count":34,"published-online":null,"references-count":34,"short-container-title":["JAMA Dermatol"],"is-referenced-by-count":65},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","is_oa":true,"title":"Association of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Risk of Psoriasis","updated":"2025-07-30T00:59:52+00:00","published_date":"2023-01-25","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9878432","pmh_id":"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9878432","url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9878432"}}},"created_at":"2025-09-22T14:20:55.574Z","updated_at":"2025-09-22T14:20:55.574Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"category","value":"Dermatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"condition","value":"Psoriasis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"modality","value":"Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"modality","value":"PCSK9 Inhibitor","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"modality","value":"Statin","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mendelian Randomization","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design is mendelian randomization rather than an interventional trial, which may limit direct clinical applicability.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"warning","value":"Drug effects are inferred from genetic proxies of target inhibition, not from direct drug exposure.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.6051","tag_type":"warning","value":"The LDL cohort size is approximate (~1.3 million), and total combined sample size across sources is not reported.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"A 2-sample mendelian randomization tested whether genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR (statins), NPC1L1 (ezetimibe), and PCSK9 (e.g., alirocumab), using LDL lowering as the biomarker, is associated with psoriasis risk, using GWAS from UK Biobank and FinnGen plus GLGC (analysis conducted Aug–Oct 2022). Data included 12,116 psoriasis cases and about 1.3 million individuals with LDL measures.","key_result":"Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition was linked to lower psoriasis risk: OR 0.69 per SD reduction in LDL (95% CI 0.55-0.88; P=.003) with replication in FinnGen (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.57-0.88; P=.002). Sensitivity analyses did not show statistical evidence of pleiotropy or genetic confounding; no robust association was found for HMGCR or NPC1L1 inhibition."}}],"initialOffset":4,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"study_design","value":"Mendelian Randomization"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Study Designs","href":"/hub/tag/study_design"},{"name":"Mendelian Randomization"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"study_design","hub_tag_value":"Mendelian Randomization"}}}]]

Papers