2f:I[703058,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3bhq_5eh1d760.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1855-ogyi8eh4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2pfsjpn6k6zlg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/26c7v3_3uwnwu.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/25a3ozcrvi1ff.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2r4wx50nvjh_4.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/23fsw06hsi5b1.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_yt270h41rg.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/3ezsiz-7shkna.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/20x2y96ldu5wx.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2lxntcm3pd1_h.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00dgco8irq3jw.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/00nwe-kq0rboc.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/2051ffx3xzio9.js"],"PaperListPageClient"] 30:T697,We investigated TNF-induced neuropilin-2 (NRP2) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and focused on its role in inflammation and disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected from healthy volunteers (serum, n=30), osteoarthritis (OA) patients (SF, n=20), and RA patients (serum, n=76; SF, n=21) for NRP2 quantification. Synovial tissues from OA (n=6) and RA (n=6) patients were obtained to analyze NRP2 expression and its clinical relevance. Systemic or conditional NRP2 knockout mice were generated, and disease severity was evaluated in serum-transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) models. RA-FLS were transfected with NRP2-specific siRNA to assess the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to identify p65-binding sites in the NRP2 locus. NRP2 levels in RA serum (n=76) were elevated and correlated with disease activity. TNF upregulated NRP2 expression in FLS via the transcription factor p65, and elevated NRP2, in turn, amplified local inflammation and tissue damage by increasing FLS proliferation and promoting the release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Both systemic and conditional knockout of NRP2 alleviated joint inflammation and damage in STIA models. The inflammatory regulation mediated by NRP2 was derived primarily from ‌FAPα TNF-induced NRP2 drives inflammatory persistence in RA and serves as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Targeting the TNF-p65-NRP2 axis in FLS may offer a novel strategy for mitigating arthritis progression.31:Tbbf, Objective We investigated TNF‐induced neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and focused on its role in inflammation and disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS). Methods Serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected from healthy volunteers (serum, n=30), osteoarthritis (OA) patients (SF, n=20), and RA patients (serum, n=76; SF, n=21) for NRP2 quantification. Synovial tissues from OA (n=6) and RA (n=6) patients were obtained to analyze NRP2 expression and its clinical relevance. Systemic or conditional NRP2 knockout mice were generated, and disease severity was evaluated in serum‐transfer‐induced arthritis (STIA) models. RA‐FLS were transfected with NRP2‐specific siRNA to assess the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was performed to identify p65‐binding sites in the NRP2 locus. Results NRP2 levels in RA serum (n=76) were elevated and correlated with disease activity. TNF upregulated NRP2 expression in FLS via the transcription factor p65, and elevated NRP2, in turn, amplified local inflammation and tissue damage by increasing FLS proliferation and promoting the release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Both systemic and conditional knockout of NRP2 alleviated joint inflammation and damage in STIA models. The inflammatory regulation mediated by NRP2 was derived primarily from ‌FAPα + THY1 + subset within the synovial sublining layer. Conclusion TNF‐induced NRP2 drives inflammatory persistence in RA and serves as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Targeting the TNF‐p65‐NRP2 axis in FLS may offer a novel strategy for mitigating arthritis progression.

image

32:T654,Quantification of the human S100A8/S100A9 tetrameric protein complex in stool, referred to as fecal calprotectin, is an extensively validated biomarker supporting the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we studied the quaternary protein structures (termed configuration) of S100A8 and S100A9 and their biological function in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We dissected fecal S100A8 and S100A9 configurations in patients with IBD by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and systematically defined human S100A8 and S100A9 homodimer functions compared with the calprotectin heterotetramer (CP) in the intestine of mice and in human epithelium and T cells. Moreover, we report a protein interaction network of fecal S100A8 and S100A9 in IBD. Stool from patients with active IBD contained abundant S100A8 and S100A9 dimers besides CP. Fecal S100A9 detection associated with clinical and endoscopic disease activity in IBD patients with low CP concentration. Oral exposure to human recombinant S100A8 and S100A9 homodimers, but not to CP, worsened intestinal inflammation in toxic and genetic mouse models. Functional profiling revealed that human S100A8 and S100A9 homodimers enhanced activation of cluster of differentiation 4 Collectively, this study links the detection of fecal S100A9 dimers with clinical and endoscopic disease activity in IBD and identifies inflammatory actions of S100A8 and S100A9 homodimers in the intestine. Our findings pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with inflammatory diseases of the intestine.25:[[["$","script","0",{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"name\":\"Translational Study: study design Research & Clinical Takeaways\",\"description\":\"Explore peer-reviewed papers on Translational Study (study design). Clinician-written summaries and actionable practice insights. Updated daily.\",\"url\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Translational%20Study\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Hub\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Study Designs\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Translational Study\",\"item\":\"https://www.reachrx.ai/hub/tag/study_design/Translational%20Study\"}]}}"}}]],["$","$L2f",null,{"title":"Translational Study: Research & Clinical Takeaways","description":"Browse Translational Study research papers with clear, practical takeaways for your clinical practice.","papers":[{"doi":"10.1002/art.70028","pmid":"41451432","title":"TNF\n ‐induced neuropilin‐2 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis","journal_title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","journal_issn":"2326-5191","published_at":"2025-12-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70028","source_score":6,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":false,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-12-31","doi":"10.1002/art.70028","days":"14","issn":"2326-5191","rank":"10","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"6","category":"Rheumatology","categories":["Rheumatology"],"_categories":["Rheumatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70028","title":"TNF-induced neuropilin-2 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis.","journal":"Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)","methods":"","results":"NRP2 levels in RA serum (n=76) were elevated and correlated with disease activity. TNF upregulated NRP2 expression in FLS via the transcription factor p65, and elevated NRP2, in turn, amplified local inflammation and tissue damage by increasing FLS proliferation and promoting the release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Both systemic and conditional knockout of NRP2 alleviated joint inflammation and damage in STIA models. The inflammatory regulation mediated by NRP2 was derived primarily from ‌FAPα","abstract":"$30","keywords":[],"pubmed_id":"41451432","conclusions":"TNF-induced NRP2 drives inflammatory persistence in RA and serves as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Targeting the TNF-p65-NRP2 axis in FLS may offer a novel strategy for mitigating arthritis progression.","publication_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1002/art.70028","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70028","ISSN":["2326-5191","2326-5205"],"link":[{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.70028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["TNF\n ‐induced neuropilin‐2 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis"],"author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Xizang Autonomous Region (Hosptial. C. X.) Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"West China Medical Publishers West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Province China"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"},{"name":"Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]},{"given":"Qibing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"member":"311","prefix":"10.1002","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"archive":["Portico"],"created":{"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:36:23Z","timestamp":1766741783000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:39:52Z","timestamp":1766741992688,"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"license":[{"URL":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","start":{"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":"$31","language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.70028"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Received","order":0,"value":"2025-05-27"},{"name":"accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Accepted","order":2,"value":"2025-11-17"},{"name":"published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"},"label":"Published","order":3,"value":"2025-12-26"}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1766741784000,"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2326-5191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2326-5205"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"publisher":"Wiley","reference":null,"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy","alternative-id":["10.1002/art.70028"],"article-number":"art.70028","content-domain":{"domain":["acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"reference-count":0,"published-online":{"date-time":null,"timestamp":null,"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":0,"short-container-title":["Arthritis & Rheumatology"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1002/art.70028","is_oa":false,"title":"TNF\n ‐induced neuropilin‐2 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis","updated":"2025-12-27T00:44:22+00:00","published_date":"2025-12-26","best_oa_location":null}},"created_at":"2026-01-14T18:30:49.575Z","updated_at":"2026-01-14T18:30:49.575Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"category","value":"Rheumatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"condition","value":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"impact_flag","value":"limited_evidence","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Translational Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"warning","value":"Abstract lacks numeric effect sizes and mouse sample sizes, limiting precision of interpretation.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"warning","value":"One sentence is truncated around 'FAPα', making the cellular source attribution incomplete.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1002/art.70028","tag_type":"warning","value":"Study design spans human biospecimens, RA-FLS experiments, and mouse STIA models; classification is approximate.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"NRP2 levels were measured in human biospecimens (serum: RA n=76, healthy n=30; synovial fluid: RA n=21, OA n=20; synovium: RA n=6, OA n=6), and NRP2 function was tested in RA-FLS (siRNA) and in serum-transfer–induced arthritis using systemic or conditional NRP2 knockout mice; ChIP-seq assessed p65 binding at the NRP2 locus.","key_result":"NRP2 was elevated in RA serum (n=76) and correlated with disease activity; TNF induced NRP2 in FLS via p65, which increased FLS proliferation and inflammatory mediator release, and NRP2 knockout reduced joint inflammation and damage in mouse arthritis models.","limitations":"Human synovial tissue comparisons were small (RA n=6 vs OA n=6), and the abstract provides no quantitative effect sizes or correlation coefficients. Findings rely on STIA and in vitro RA-FLS data without human interventional outcomes.","practice_takeaway":"NRP2 associates with RA activity and may be a biomarker, but it lacks clinical validation. Targeting the TNF–p65–NRP2 axis is hypothesis-generating and not ready for clinical use."}},{"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","pmid":"41295942","title":"Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation","journal_title":"Gastroenterology","journal_issn":"0016-5085","published_at":"2025-11-26T00:00:00.000Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","source_score":50,"is_retracted":false,"is_open_access":true,"raw_metadata":{"ooir":{"day":"2025-11-28","doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","days":"7","issn":"0016-5085","rank":"1","field":"Clinical Medicine","score":"50","category":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","categories":["Gastroenterology & Hepatology"],"_categories":["Gastroenterology & Hepatology"]},"pubmed":{"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","title":"Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation.","journal":"Gastroenterology","methods":"","results":"Stool from patients with active IBD contained abundant S100A8 and S100A9 dimers besides CP. Fecal S100A9 detection associated with clinical and endoscopic disease activity in IBD patients with low CP concentration. Oral exposure to human recombinant S100A8 and S100A9 homodimers, but not to CP, worsened intestinal inflammation in toxic and genetic mouse models. Functional profiling revealed that human S100A8 and S100A9 homodimers enhanced activation of cluster of differentiation 4","abstract":"$32","keywords":["Calprotectin","Crohn's Disease","Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","Intestinal Inflammation","S100A8","S100A9","Ulcerative Colitis"],"pubmed_id":"41295942","conclusions":"","publication_date":"2025-11-26T00:00:00"},"crossref":{"DOI":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","ISSN":["0016-5085"],"link":[{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016508525059876?httpAccept=text/xml","content-type":"text/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016508525059876?httpAccept=text/plain","content-type":"text/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"page":null,"type":"journal-article","issue":null,"score":1,"title":["Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation"],"author":[{"given":"Almina","family":"Jukic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hilbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Zundel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Willeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Faserl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Plattner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zollner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Klepsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Marteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arnau","family":"Vich Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Schwärzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Vouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kozsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Weichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Sarg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Grabherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Scholl-Bürgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Karall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georg F.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Welz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Aldrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qitao","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Kaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Blumberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Tancevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Rosenstiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Aden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Latifa","family":"Bakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Müller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Günter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Atreya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Atreya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bojarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Britzen-Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bosch-Voskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hyun-Dong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Günther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed N.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph S.N.","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Koop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anja A.","family":"Kühl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Leppkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rocío","family":"López-Posadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leif S.-H","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Neufert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Neurath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Prüß","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Radbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Romagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Scheffold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jörg-Dieter","family":"Schulzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schürmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stürzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antigoni","family":"Triantafyllopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Waldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zundler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rinse K.","family":"Weersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zlatko","family":"Trajanoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erwin F.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Tilg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timon E.","family":"Adolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"funder":[{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","award":["01ZX1915","RU5042"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["T1292","FG15","FWF P33070"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["222497/Z/21/Z"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","award":["AdG 2016-741888-CSI-Fun","786295"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100003042","name":"EKFS","award":["2020_EKCS.11"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100020617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100020617","name":"Österreichische Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100005788","name":"Medizinische Universität Wien","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100010663","name":"European Research Council","award":["101039320"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DK088199","DK51362","DK44319","AdG 2016-741888-CSI-Fun"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","award":["ITN 2019-859860-CANCERPREV","101156542","TRR241","DOC82","I-6057"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["FOR5042-P5","SO1141/10-1","ERC_ADG #786462"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":[{"id":"10.13039/501100009968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"DOI":"10.13039/501100009968","name":"State of Tyrol","award":["TWF F.45107"],"doi-asserted-by":"publisher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"member":"78","prefix":"10.1053","source":"Crossref","volume":null,"created":{"date-time":"2025-11-26T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1764149142000,"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"indexed":{"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:00:01Z","timestamp":1764151201494,"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"license":[{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","start":{"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000,"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license","start":{"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000,"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"tdm"},{"URL":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","start":{"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000,"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"delay-in-days":0,"content-version":"vor"}],"subject":[],"abstract":null,"language":"en","relation":{},"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016508525059876"}},"subtitle":[],"assertion":[{"name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by","value":"Elsevier"},{"name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title","value":"Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation"},{"name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title","value":"Gastroenterology"},{"name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version","value":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040"},{"name":"content_type","label":"Content Type","value":"article"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","value":"© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute."}],"deposited":{"date-time":"2025-11-26T09:25:48Z","timestamp":1764149148000,"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0016-5085"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"publisher":"Elsevier BV","reference":[{"DOI":"10.1056/NEJMra2002697","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib1","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Chang","volume":"383","first-page":"2652","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30333-4","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib2","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":null,"volume":"5","first-page":"17","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib3","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Le Berre","volume":"402","first-page":"571","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","journal-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02586-2","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib4","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Dolinger","volume":"403","first-page":"1177","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Crohn's disease","journal-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.031","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib5","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Turner","volume":"160","first-page":"1570","unstructured":null,"article-title":"STRIDE-II: an update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD","journal-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324855","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib6","year":"2021","issue":null,"author":"Jukic","volume":"70","first-page":"1978","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function","journal-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3389/fimmu.2017.01774","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib7","year":"2017","issue":null,"author":"Zhang","volume":"8","first-page":"1774","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Suppression colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer by anti-S100a9 antibody in mice","journal-title":"Front Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1111/bph.14449","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib8","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Aranda","volume":"175","first-page":"3797","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Calprotectin protects against experimental colonic inflammation in mice","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.019","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib9","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Willers","volume":"159","first-page":"2130","unstructured":null,"article-title":"S100A8 and S100A9 are important for postnatal development of gut microbiota and immune system in mice and infants","journal-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/330080a0","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib10","year":"1987","issue":null,"author":"Odink","volume":"330","first-page":"80","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Two calcium-binding proteins in infiltrate macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41590-023-01656-1","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib11","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Pruenster","volume":"24","first-page":"2021","unstructured":null,"article-title":"E-selectin-mediated rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation regulates S100A8/S100A9 release from neutrophils via transient gasdermin D pore formation","journal-title":"Nat Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.3390/ijms13032893","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib12","year":"2012","issue":null,"author":"Vogl","volume":"13","first-page":"2893","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Pro-inflammatory S100A8 and S100A9 proteins: self-assembly into multifunctional native and amyloid complexes","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1172/JCI89867","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib13","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Vogl","volume":"128","first-page":"1852","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Autoinhibitory regulation of S100A8/S100A9 alarmin activity locally restricts sterile inflammation","journal-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nm.2150","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib14","year":"2010","issue":null,"author":"Loser","volume":"16","first-page":"713","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The Toll-like receptor 4 ligands Mrp8 and Mrp14 are crucial in the development of autoreactive CD8+ T cells","journal-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.011","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib15","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"Schonthaler","volume":"39","first-page":"1171","unstructured":null,"article-title":"S100A8-S100A9 protein complex mediates psoriasis by regulating the expression of complement factor C3","journal-title":"Immunity","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222229","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib16","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Mellor","volume":"81","first-page":"1400","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Keratinocyte-derived S100A9 modulates neutrophil infiltration and affects psoriasis-like skin and joint disease","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib17","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Plattner","volume":"2025","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"IBDome: an integrated molecular, histopathological, and clinical atlas of inflammatory bowel diseases","journal-title":"Preprint. bioRxiv","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1186/s12876-018-0917-5","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib18","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Imhann","volume":"19","first-page":"5","unstructured":null,"article-title":"The 1000IBD project: multi-omics data of 1000 inflammatory bowel disease patients; data release 1","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-020-15646-6","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib19","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Mayr","volume":"11","first-page":"1775","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Dietary lipids fuel GPX4-restricted enteritis resembling Crohn's disease","journal-title":"Nat Commun","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.021","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib20","year":"2008","issue":null,"author":"Kaser","volume":"134","first-page":"743","unstructured":null,"article-title":"XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease","journal-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/nature12599","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib21","year":"2013","issue":null,"author":"Adolph","volume":"503","first-page":"272","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Paneth cells as a site of origin for intestinal inflammation","journal-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.004","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib22","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Schwärzler","volume":"162","first-page":"1690","unstructured":null,"article-title":"PUFA-induced metabolic enteritis as a fuel for Crohn's disease","journal-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.007","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib23","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Singh","volume":"164","first-page":"344","unstructured":null,"article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Role of Biomarkers for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis","journal-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":null,"key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib24","year":"2020","issue":null,"author":"Corridoni","volume":"261","first-page":"480","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Single-cell atlas of colonic CD8(+) T cells in ulcerative colitis","journal-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":null},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41591-023-02556-5","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib25","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Martini","volume":"29","first-page":"2602","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Selection of cross-reactive T cells by commensal and food-derived yeasts drives cytotoxic T(H)1 cell responses in Crohn's disease","journal-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.041","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib26","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Bacher","volume":"176","first-page":"1340","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Human anti-fungal Th17 immunity and pathology rely on cross-reactivity against Candida albicans","journal-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41590-019-0415-0","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib27","year":"2019","issue":null,"author":"Neurath","volume":"20","first-page":"970","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Targeting immune cell circuits and trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease","journal-title":"Nat Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.057","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib28","year":"2018","issue":null,"author":"Fujita","volume":"24","first-page":"3296","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Regulation of S100A8 stability by RNF5 in intestinal epithelial cells determines intestinal inflammation and severity of colitis","journal-title":"Cell Rep","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101486","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib29","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Zhen","volume":"19","first-page":null,"unstructured":null,"article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 20 attenuates colitis by restoring impaired intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and modulating macrophage polarization via S100A9 in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.002","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib30","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Rodrigues","volume":"13","first-page":"151","unstructured":null,"article-title":"E-selectin-dependent inflammation and lipolysis in adipose tissue exacerbate steatosis-to-NASH progression via S100A8/9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41418-025-01504-9","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib31","year":"2025","issue":null,"author":"Palomo-Irigoyen","volume":"32","first-page":"1833","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Chronic skin and systemic inflammation modulated by S100A8 and S100A9 complexes","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41467-024-52829-x","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib32","year":"2024","issue":null,"author":"Perruzza","volume":"15","first-page":"8623","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Postnatal supplementation with alarmins S100a8/a9 ameliorates malnutrition-induced neonate enteropathy in mice","journal-title":"Nat Commun","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.027","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib33","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Dulai","volume":"21","first-page":"456","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Prognostic value of fecal calprotectin to inform treat-to-target monitoring in ulcerative colitis","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1016/j.cgh.2023.03.026","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib34","year":"2023","issue":null,"author":"Constantine-Cooke","volume":"21","first-page":"2918","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Longitudinal fecal calprotectin profiles characterize disease course heterogeneity in Crohn's disease","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"},{"DOI":"10.1038/s41591-022-01749-8","key":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040_bib35","year":"2022","issue":null,"author":"Monteiro","volume":"28","first-page":"752","unstructured":null,"article-title":"Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism","journal-title":"Nat Med","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"short-title":[],"update-policy":"https://doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy","alternative-id":["S0016508525059876"],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"original-title":[],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"reference-count":35,"published-online":null,"references-count":35,"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"is-referenced-by-count":0},"unpaywall":{"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","is_oa":true,"title":"Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation","updated":"2025-11-27T02:22:14+00:00","published_date":"2025-11-01","best_oa_location":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","pmh_id":null,"url_for_pdf":null,"url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040"}}},"created_at":"2025-12-08T12:24:58.509Z","updated_at":"2025-12-08T12:24:58.509Z","tags":[{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"category","value":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"condition","value":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"study_design","value":"Translational Study","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"warning","value":"Design combines human stool biomarker analysis with animal experiments; study design label is approximate.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"warning","value":"Functional findings are from mouse models and in vitro human cells, which may not translate directly to patients.","value_numeric":null},{"paper_doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.040","tag_type":"warning","value":"The abstract does not report sample size, effect sizes, or study duration.","value_numeric":null}],"summaries":{"what_studied":"Mapped stool configurations of S100A8 and S100A9 in inflammatory bowel disease using size‑exclusion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Compared the biological effects of S100A8/S100A9 homodimers versus the calprotectin heterotetramer in mouse intestines and in human epithelium and T cells.","key_result":"Active IBD stool contained abundant S100A8 and S100A9 dimers alongside calprotectin; fecal S100A9 detection tracked clinical and endoscopic activity in patients with low calprotectin. In mice, oral S100A8 or S100A9 homodimers—but not calprotectin—worsened intestinal inflammation, and homodimers enhanced activation of CD4 cells."}}],"initialOffset":2,"fetchConfig":{"kind":"tags","tags":[{"tag_type":"study_design","value":"Translational Study"}]},"breadcrumbItems":[{"name":"Home","href":"/"},{"name":"Research Hub","href":"/hub"},{"name":"Study Designs","href":"/hub/tag/study_design"},{"name":"Translational Study"}],"hrefConfig":{"basePath":"/hub/papers","webViewQueryParams":{"hub_ctx":"tag","hub_tag_type":"study_design","hub_tag_value":"Translational Study"}}}]]

Papers