Trajectories of Child Psychopathic Traits and Later Socioemotional Functioning: Differential Associations with Emotion Recognition, Empathy, and Social-Affiliative Outcomes

Study limitation reported by the research below: “All three psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GD, INS) were parent-reported, while outcome empathy and social functioning were teacher-rated — shared method variance is not a concern between predictors and most outcomes, but rater-specific biases may still influence results.”