Gut microbiota signatures associated with spermatogenic capacity and sperm retrieval outcomes in non-obstructive azoospermia

Study limitation reported by the research below: “The study is exploratory and underpowered (n=25 NOA); all ROC cutoffs should be considered hypothesis-generating only. Wide confidence intervals (e.g., AUC 95% CI 0.544–0.934 for F/B ratio) reflect this uncertainty.”