A review of diffuse plane xanthoma (DPX), a rare dermatologic condition, covering its clinical features, histologic findings, associated underlying conditions (primarily hematologic malignancies), and management approach.
DPX presents as nonpruritic, flat, yellowish macules/patches on the face, neck, and upper body. It is strongly associated with hematologic malignancies — including multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy, and various lymphomas/leukemias. Histology shows lipid-laden macrophages in the dermis that stain positive for macrophage markers but negative for lipid-specific markers. Treating the underlying condition generally reduces or resolves xanthomas.
This is a narrative/descriptive review of a rare condition; no original patient data, comparative outcomes, or quantitative evidence is presented.
When a patient presents with diffuse flat yellowish skin lesions, consider DPX and promptly evaluate for an underlying hematologic malignancy. Treating the root cause is the primary strategy, as no specific therapy for DPX exists.
