An evidence-based review of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention of common and vaccine-preventable viral infections with dermatologic relevance, including COVID-19, mpox, measles, and rubella.
Recognition of characteristic mucocutaneous findings, updated diagnostic approaches, and current evidence-based prevention strategies (antivirals, immunomodulators, vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis) are key to early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and limiting transmission of these infections.
As a narrative review, it does not provide original data or quantitative synthesis; conclusions depend on the quality and recency of cited primary literature. Coverage is limited to four selected infections and may not generalize to the full spectrum of emergent viral dermatoses.
Dermatologists should be familiar with the characteristic skin findings of COVID-19, mpox, measles, and rubella to enable early diagnosis. Staying current on antiviral therapies, immunomodulators, vaccination schedules, and post-exposure prophylaxis protocols is essential for optimal patient outcomes and infection control.
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